Earticle

Feminine cleanser is widely used for feminine hygiene because the vulva and vaginal surface are the most sensitive and fragile area. In particular, decreased estrogen level during menopause can cause genital symptoms (e.g., dryness, burning and irritation), sexual symptoms (e.g., lack of lubrication, pain, and impaired function) and urinary symptoms (e.g., urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection). Recently, commercial feminine cleanser shows the enhanced functions related with feminine health such as moisturizing, elasticity and anti-bacterial effect as well as cleaning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the feminine cleanser (CellZyme Secret Therapy Plus, Pharmacal International Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) on various female-related symptoms in the women who have used this cleanser for over 1 month. The feminine cleanser used in this study was jelly-type formulation and it contains functional substances including human mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (150,000ppm), peptides and various natural plant extract. The questionaire items were odor, leukorrhea, itching, dryness, vaginal contractile force, urinary incontinence and menstrual cramps. We divided into 5 grades according to the improvement degree of symptom: none (1), a little (2), moderate (3), good (4), and very good (5). Data was analyzed by using the IBM® SPSS® statistics tool. A total of 46 women responded on the survey, among them 28.26% was involved in the menopausal stage and 84% responded to be satisfied with the effect of the cleanser. According to the symptoms, respondents replied to have experienced positive effect (2 - 5 grades) as follows: foul smell 87%, leukorrhea 90%, and itching 96%, vaginal dryness 87%, vaginal contractile force 83%, urinary incontinence 61% and menstruation cramp (58%). In conclusion, the use of feminine cleanser is expected to useful for feminine hygiene and women's health through improvement of vulvar and vaginal environment such as pH and microflora.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of mobile-learning (m-learning) on EFL student satisfaction and performance. For this empirical study, a research model was proposed with hypotheses. For m-learning attributes, four variables were suggested: Mobility, Content Personalization, Interactivity, and Accessibility. In addition, Learning Supports mechanisms used as potential moderating factor was proposed in order to test whether this variable enhances the relationship between Satisfaction and Performance in English m-learning. the data were collected from actual m-learning EFL students. A total of 279 responses were analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses. Results show that all hypotheses were significantly supported, suggesting that m-learning attributes are crucial factors for increasing EFL learners’ satisfaction and performance. Furthermore, the relationship between Satisfaction and Performance is enhanced by the inclusion of various types of Learning Supports. Finally, academic and practical implications are discussed.

We surveyed to assess the impact of the mood states and sentiments resulting from forest experience on the school life satisfaction of Korean boarding middle school students (n=90). The average mood state score was 2.32 on a scale of 1-5, with the subscale of vigor scoring the highest (3.19). The average sentiment score was 3.08, with the subscale of subjective happiness scoring the highest (3.08). The average school life satisfaction score was 3.66, with the subscale of interpersonal relationships scoring the highest (3.91). The mood states resulting from forest experience explained 39.6% of the variance in school life satisfaction, and the regression model showed a significant fit (F=9.077, p＜0.001). Similarly, sentiments resulting from forest experience explained 47.4% of school life satisfaction, with the regression model showing a significant fit (F=10.569, p＜0.001). It can be concluded that forest experience positively impacts the school life satisfaction of Korean boarding middle school students.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between three dimensions of informatization level and satisfaction before and after pandemic (i.e., COVID-19) empirically. The pandemic increased the use of information technology in our daily and work lives. As a result, the level of informatization level is becoming a factor that has a greater influence on personal well-being (i.e. daily-life satisfaction and overall satisfaction). To this end, two-way ANOVA and multi-group analysis are conducted. The results of this study will provide academic and practical implications for the post-pandemic era.

지역맞춤형 재난안전정책을 마련하고 원활하고 효율적인 정책집행을 위해 재난안전 분야별 지역주민의 인식과 재난관리정책에 대한 지역주민의 만족도에 관한 연구가 요구된다. 이 연구의 목적은 재난관리에 관한 지역주민의 인식을 분석하여 재난관리정책에 대한 만족도를 제고할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 지역안전지수 6대 분야 항목을 활용한 재난안전 부문별 인식 및 만족도 조사를 충북도 민을 대상으로 실시하였다. 이 연구에서는 정책 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 정책 인지도 및 수행도 를 선정하였다. 정책 인지도와 수행도 모두 만족도와 정(+)의 영향관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재난관리정책 만족도를 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 재난관리 정책 및 사업에 대한 적극적 홍보, 안전취약 계층 특성을 고려한 정보전달 수단 개발, 지역특성을 고려한 재난관리 대책 및 전략 수립, 안전의식 제고 및 안전문화 확산을 위한 재난안전교육 추진 등이 있다.

The purpose of this study is to find a way to improve satisfaction with the disaster management policy by analyzing local residents' perceptions of disaster management. To this end, a survey was conducted on the perception and satisfaction of each disaster safety sector using items in the six major areas of the regional safety index. In this study, policy literacy and performance were selected as factors affecting policy satisfaction. It was found that both policy awareness and performance had a positive (+) influence relationship with satisfaction. Also, measures to improve disaster management policy satisfaction include active promotion of disaster management policies and projects, development of information delivery means considering the characteristics of the vulnerable, establishment of disaster management measures and strategies considering regional characteristics, and promotion of safety education.

본 연구는 구조방정식모형(SEM)을 활용하여 정부, 시민단체, 지인이 제공하는 식품안전정보에 대한 중국 소비자의 반응을 분석하고, 기대, 지각된 성과, 불일치, 만족, 자기효능감이 안전행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 종합적으로 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 소비자의 반응은 정보 제공 주체에 따라 상이하게 나타났으며, 특히 정보원천별 신뢰와 평가 방식에 뚜렷한 차이가 확인되었다. 시민단체의 경우 지각된 성과, 만족, 자기효능감이 전반적으로 높게 나타난 반면, 정부 정보는 기대 수준은 높았으나 만족도는 상대적으로 낮았다. 구조방정식모형 분석 결과, 정부 정보의 경우 지각된 성과가 만족과 안전행동에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 시민단체 정보는 대부분의 경로에서 유의한 영향을 보였다. 지인 정보 의 경우에는 만족이 안전행동을 설명하는 핵심 요인으로 나타났다. 또한 비교 분석 결과, 시민단체는 정부나 지인에 비해 만족과 안전행동에 대해 전반적으로 더 강한 영향력을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

This study examines how Chinese consumers’ expectations, perceived performance, disconfirmation, satisfaction, and self-efficacy influence safety behavior in response to food safety information provided by the government, civic groups, and acquaintances, using structural equation modeling. The findings show that consumer responses vary by information source. Civic groups generally demonstrated higher perceived performance, satisfaction, and self-efficacy, whereas government-provided information generated higher expectations but lower satisfaction. SEM results indicate that for government information, perceived performance positively influenced satisfaction and safety behavior, while civic groups showed significant effects across most paths. For acquaintances, satisfaction was the key predictor of safety behavior. Comparative analysis further revealed that civic groups exerted stronger overall influence on satisfaction and safety behavior than the government or acquaintances.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the key presence-related factors provided by meta-commerce platforms that influence consumer satisfaction and continued usage intention in light of the mediating effect of self-efficacy. “In order to examine the research objectives, a panel survey was administered by a professional research agency. A total of 200 valid responses were obtained and included in the final analysis. To test the hypotheses, SPSS 26.0 was used to perform various statistical analyses, including frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results reveal that there is a positive relationship among meta-commerce, consumer satisfaction and continued usage intention. Moreover, we found that there are mediating effect in the relationship between satisfaction and usage intention. By identifying key factors contributing to consumer self-efficacy and clarifying its impact on satisfaction and continued use, this study offers theoretical insights into the formation of meta-commerce consumer behavior.

The study is aimed at exploring impacts of self-assessment on students’ self-regulated learning and satisfaction at a university setting. Twenty-one students taking a foreign language pedagogy course participated in the study. Weekly self-assessment was assigned for 8 weeks to see if it improved students’ self-regulated learning. Student questionnaire was collected twice on the 7th and the 15th week; in addition, in-depth interviews were conducted to gather students’ perceptions of self-assessment in terms of its benefits and drawbacks. Findings based on quantitative and qualitative analysis are as follows. Firstly, significant positive impacts of self-assessment were found in all three domains of self-regulated learning: cognitive, motivational, and behavioral. Secondly, students found self-assessment overall satisfactory and useful in their studies. In-depth interviews further revealed that self-assessment helped to regulate their study behaviors effectively, which, in turn, led to a better understanding of the subject matter and greater participation in class activities. At the same time, however, some students expressed some burden as a drawback of self-assessment. Pedagogical implications and research suggestions for future study were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 청소년의 삶의 만족정도를 확인하고, 우울이 삶의 만족정도에 미치는 영향 력을 파악하는 한편 우울과 삶의 만족과의 관계에서 스마트폰중독의 조절효과를 확인하는 것이다. 남녀 중학교 청소년 315명을 연구대상으로 하며, 자료분석을 위해 SPSS win 26 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 평균 및 표준편차, Pearson상관관계, 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반적 특성 중 삶의 만족정도에 차이를 보인 항목은 가정의 분위기, 부모님과의 대화, 학교생활만족 이었으며, 중학교 청소년의 삶의 만족정도를 예측하는 요인은 학교생활만족도가 높은 경우, 학교생 활만족도가 보통인 경우, 가정의 분위기가 화목한 경우, 가정의 분위기가 보통인 경우, 우울, 스마트 폰중독의 순으로 나타났다. 중학교 청소년의 우울이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향에 대해 스마트폰중 독이 유의한 조절효과를 나타내었다. 즉 스마트폰중독은 중학교 청소년의 우울이 삶의 만족정도에 미치는 영향을 강화하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 중학교 청소년의 삶의 만족도 향상을 위한 중재적·실천적 함의를 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of life satisfaction of middle school adolescents, to understand the influence of depression on life satisfaction, and to confirm the moderating effect of smartphone addiction in the relationship between depression and life satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 315 middle school adolescents. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Among the general characteristics, the items that showed differences in life satisfaction were perceived atmosphere, communication with parents, and school life satisfaction. Factors predicting the degree of life satisfaction of middle school adolescents were school life satisfaction, family atmosphere, depression, and smartphone addiction in order. Smartphone addiction showed a significant moderating effect on the effect of depression in middle school adolescents on life satisfaction. In other words, it was confirmed that smartphone addiction strengthens the effect of depression in middle school adolescents on life satisfaction.

The study aims to investigate the effects of a ChatGPT-based speaking task on students’ strategic self-regulation for speaking (S2RS) and their satisfaction in a university-level English class. Thirty English majors participated in the study. The speaking task, which involved interacting with ChatGPT, was conducted over a six-week period. To measure the impact of this technology-enhanced task, students completed the S2RS questionnaire twice-once before and once after the intervention. Paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze changes in the S2RS domains, and frequency analysis was employed for the satisfaction data. The research findings are as follows. Firstly, the technology-utilized task had a statistically significant positive impact on the following domains: metacognitive (remembering and planning, assistance-seeking), social (interactional practice, environmental control), and motivational (anxiety control). However, some strategies did not reach statistical significance at the p＜0.05 level, including metacognitive (goal-based monitoring and evaluation, self-reflection), social (feedback management), and motivational (interest enhancement, motivational self-talk). Secondly, the students’ overall satisfaction with the ChatGPT-based speaking task was high. with scores ranging from three to five on the scale. For future research on the differentiated impact of the ChatGPT-mediated speaking task on speaking strategies, a mixed-methods study should be conducted.

본 연구는 가상 환경에서의 협력 학습에의 참여가 학생들의 학업 성취도와 만족도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 세컨드라이프라는 가상현실 플랫폼에 고등학생이 국사 과목을 학습할 수 있는 공간을 만들고 이를 활용하였다. 총 119명의 참가자를 ‘협력학습 유형'이나 '개인학습 유형'에 무선 할당하였으며, 학생들의 학업 성취도와 만족도를 측 정 도구로 수집하였다. 가상공간에서의 협력학습의 효과를 검토하려 독립표본 t검증 및 대응표본 t검증을 실행하였고, 연구의 결과는 개인학습 유형에 참여한 경우보다 협력학습 유형에 참여한 경우가 학업성취도와 만족도에 유의미하게 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 향후 가상현실을 기반으로 한 협력학습의 활용에 대한 제언이 논의 되었다.

This experimental study was to examine the impact of collaborative learning in a virtual environment on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction. The collaborative virtual learning environment was created for a Korean history class for high school students. A total of 119 participants were recruited and were randomly assigned to either "collaborative group" or an "individual group." Students’ academic achievements and satisfaction were collected as measurement tools to examine the effect of collaborative learning in the virtual learning environment and collected data were tested by independent sample t. The results showed that participation in collaborative groups had a significant positive effect on academic achievement and satisfaction than individual groups.

본 연구는 고등학교 청소년들의 개인 특성, 가족 및 환경 특성, 심리사회특성이 삶의 만족에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 이를 위해 광주광역시와 전남 1개 도시에 거주하는 고등학 교 1, 2학년 청소년들을 대상으로 하였으며 최종 분석대상은 376명이었다. 첫째 연구대상자의 개인 특성 중 수면시간, 가족 및 환경 특성 중 학교생활만족도(β = .290, p < .001), 수면시간(β = .151, p < .01), 심리사회특성 중 사회적 지지(β = .346, p < .001), 우울(β = -.104, p < .05)이 삶의 만족에 주요 영향요인으로 나타났으며 가장 큰 영향을 미친 요인은 사회적 지지로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 토대 로 하여 중재를 위한 개입방안, 시사점, 제한점과 후속연구방향을 논의하였으며, 고등학교 청소년들 의 삶의 만족도 향상을 위해 개인, 부모, 환경, 학교 차원의 실천현장에서 활용할 수 있는 개입 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

This study aims to investigate the influence of individual, family & environmental, and psychosocial factors on the life satisfaction of high school students. The subjects of this study were 376 high school students. The effects of general characteristics and family-environmental factors added by psychosocial factors on the degree of life satisfaction were analyzed (Model 3). As a result, The degree of social support of the subjects was at least 26, up to 60, and an average of 47.77 ± 8.07, and the degree of depression was at least 0, up to 60, and an average of 14.66 ± 9.15, indicating a normal category. Life satisfaction was found to be a minimum of 5 points, a maximum of 35 points, and an average of 21.39 ± 6.34. The variables affecting the life satisfaction with high school adolescents were in the order of social support(β = .346, p < .001), school life satisfaction(β = .290, p < .001), sleeping(β = .151, p < .01) and depression(β = -.104, p < .05). Based on these results, In order to improve the life satisfaction of high school students, we intend to seek intervention measures that can be used in practice sites at the individual, parent, environment, and school level.

본 연구는 기혼여성들의 성인발레수업 참여 전후 외모만족도와 부부성만족도의 차이를 알아보고, 외모만족도가 부부성만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명함으로써 앞으로 성인발레수업이 성인들의 여가활동으로 활성화되기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구결과 첫째, 성인발레수업 참여 전에 비해 성인수업참여 후에 외모만족도와 부부성만족도 모두 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 나이별 외모만족도는 나이가 많을수록 외모만족도가 상대적으로 높게 나타났고, 부부성만족도는 20대와 40대보다 30대에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 학력별 외모만족도는 대학교졸업자보다 대학원졸업자가 상대적으로 높게 나타났고, 부부성만족도는 대학원졸업자보다 대학교졸업자가 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 경제수준별 외모만족도와 부부성만족도는 모두 경제수준이 높을수록 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 직업별 외모만족도는 직업이 있는 집단이 상대적으로 높게 나타났고, 부부성만족도도 직업이 있는 집단이 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 외모만족도가 높으면 부부성만족도도 높은 것으로 나타나 성인발레수업으로 인한 외모만족도는 부부성만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aimed to verify the 'effects of appearance satisfaction on sexual satisfaction of married women participating in adult ballet lesson'. In the results of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, t-test, and simple correlation analysis based on the collected data, the conclusion was obtained like below. First, all the appearance satisfaction and sexual satisfaction were increased after participating in adult ballet lessons. Second,when age was higher, the appearance satisfaction was relatively higher. Regarding the sexual satisfaction, the group in their 30s was significantly higher than the group in 20s and 40s. In case of academic background, graduate school graduates showed relatively higher appearance satisfaction than university graduates while university graduates showed relatively higher sexual satisfaction than graduate school graduates. When economic condition was high, both appearance satisfaction and sexual satisfaction were significantly high. The group with occupation showed relatively higher appearance satisfaction while the group with occupation showed significantly higher sexual satisfaction as well. Third, when appearance satisfaction was high, their sexual satisfaction was also high, which means that appearance satisfaction through adult ballet lesson would have effects on sexual satisfaction of married women.

이 연구의 목적은 교양체육수업의 만족도가 대학생활만족도 및 학업지속의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 학업지속 의도를 높이는 효과적 대학정책 수립에 사용될 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는 것에 있다. 교양체육수업에 참여중인 대학생을 대상으로 총 185부의 설문지를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교양체육수업의 만족도는 대학생활만족도에 유의한 정(+) 의 직접영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생활만족도는 학업지속의도에 유의한 정(+)의 직접영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교양체육수업만족도는 학업지속의도에 통계적으로 유의한 직접영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 교양체육수업만족도는 대학생활만족도를 매개로 하여 학업지속의도에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 간접영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of physical education class satisfaction on the college life satisfaction, and academic persistence to provide the basic information for the effective higher education policy increasing the academic persistence. By analyzing a total of 185 surveys from college students that take the physical education class, this study found followings. First, physical education class satisfaction had a significant direct effect on the college life satisfaction(+). Second, college life satisfaction had a significant direct effect on the academic persistence(+). Third, physical education class satisfaction didn't had a significant direct effect on the academic persistence. Fourth, physical education class satisfaction had a significant indirect effect on the academic persistence mediated by the college life satisfaction.

이 연구에서는 찾아가는 학교 컨설팅 사업을 통해 호남권에 있는 소규모 학교의 초중고 학생들을 대상으로 디지털 문해 교육을 실시한 후 설문한 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 디지털 문해 교육에 참여한 초중고 학생들의 만족도는 매우 높 은 편이었지만, 중학생들의 만족도가 상대적으로 낮으므로, 중학생의 요구와 수준을 반영한 교육 프로그램을 개발이 필요하다. 둘 째, 찾아가는 학교 컨설팅 교육에 참여한 초중고 학생들의 디지털 문해력은 크게 향상되었지만 에듀테크의 이해와 활용은 상대적으 로 낮은 편이므로 다양한 에듀테크 솔루션이나 교육용 콘텐츠를 소개함으로써 교육적 효과를 높이는 방안이 필요하다. 셋째, 고등 학생들의 디지털 문해력의 향상도는 높지만, 디지털 교육에 대한 만족도가 낮으므로, 고등학생의 발달 수준과 관심사를 반영한 맞 춤형 프로그램 설계가 필요하다. 넷째, 단순한 에듀테크 도구 활용 방법을 강의식으로 운영하기보다는 학생들이 직접 참여할 수 있 는 실습 중심의 교육과 프로젝트 기반 학습, 협력적 문제 해결학습 등 다양한 교수전략이 필요하다.

This study analyzed survey data collected from elementary, middle, and high school students in small schools located in the Honam region, following their participation in digital literacy education provided through the Visiting School Consulting program. The results are as follows. First, while overall satisfaction with digital literacy education was very high, middle school students reported relatively lower levels of satisfaction, indicating the need to develop educational programs tailored to their needs and developmental levels. Second, although the students’ digital literacy significantly improved, their understanding and utilization of EdTech remained relatively low, suggesting the importance of introducing diverse EdTech solutions and educational contents to enhance educational effectiveness. Third, high school students demonstrated substantial improvement in digital literacy; however, their satisfaction with digital education was relatively low. This highlights the need to design customized programs that reflect the developmental characteristics and interests of high school students. Fourth, rather than relying solely on lecture-based delivery of EdTech tool usage, it is necessary to adopt diverse instructional strategies such as practice-oriented education, project-based learning, and collaborative problem-solving to increase student engagement and learning effectiveness.

본 연구의 목적은 미용관련학과에 재학 중인 학생들을 대상으로 교과과정과 운영방법에 대한 만족도를 분석하여 교과과정의 기본방향과 개선방안을 모색해 보고자 한다. 연구 방법은 전남지역에 있는 4년제 대학 미용관 련학과 재학 중인 학생들을 대상으로 무작위 표본을 추출하여 설문조사를 실시한 후 156부를 선정하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 미용관련학과 재학생들의 전공에 대한 자부심이 매우 강하고 실기교과목에 대한 만족도가 높았으며, 학과 운영방법에 있어 교수강의 능력은 매우 만족할 수준이나 실습기자재에 대해 낮은 만족도를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 미용관련학과 학습 환경이 개선되어 지길 바라며, 미용관련학과 재학생들의 교과과정 만족도 및 운영방법에 대한 만족도를 높일 수 있는 융합적 교육 방안이 지속적으로 연구되어지기를 바란다.

This study aimed to analyze satisfaction of the college students of the beauty-related departments for the curriculum and the operation of the curriculum and find the basic directions and improvement measures of the curriculum. As to the research method, the study selected and analyzed 156 pieces of survey sheets after conducting a survey by randomly extracting the samples of the students who are majoring in the beauty-related departments of 4-year universities in the Jeonnam area. According to the research, the students of the beauty-related departments had strong pride and were highly satisfied with the practical curriculum. They were highly satisfied with the teaching capacity of the professors but less satisfied with the practical training equipment in terms of the department operation method. It is expected to improve the learning environment of the beauty-related department through this research and continue to study the measures to improve satisfaction of the college students of the beauty-related departments for the curriculum and the operation methods of the curriculum.

학교 관리자는 교사의 창의적인 역량을 향상시키는 환경, 문화, 구조를 창출하는데 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있지만, 학습자 및 교사 측면에서의 창의성 연구에 비해 학교 관리자의 창의 리더십에 대한 관심은 비교적 적었 다. 이 논문에서는 창의 리더십 강화를 위한 초·중등 관리자의 직무연수에 참여한 만족도와 견해를 살펴보았다. 2020-Ⅰ, 2020-Ⅱ, 2021-Ⅰ의 연수시기에 참여한 교장 및 교감 총 67명의 만족도 조사 자료와 답변을 일원분산 분석 및 질적데이터코딩으로 분석하였다. 창의 리더십 강화를 위한 연수과정의 만족도, 연수운영에 대한 만족도, 개별 프로그램의 구성과 내용에 대한 만족도를 제시하였으며, 연수시기별 효과도 비교하였다. 참여한 창의 리더 십 강화 연수에 대한 관리자의 평가 및 질적 개선에 대한 견해를 정리하였다. 직무연수 참여자의 피드백을 반영 하여 창의 리더십 강화 초·중등학교 관리자 연수를 지속적으로 개선하고 양질의 직무연수를 제공할 필요가 있다.

Though school leaders play a crucial role in encouraging the creative school environment, culture, and system that might improve the creative competencies of teachers, there has been little attention to the creative leadership of school supervisors. In this paper, we provide the satisfaction and view of elementary and secondary school leaders who were involved in professional development training for enhancing creative leadership. Using one-way ANOVA and qualitative data coding, we analyze the survey responses from the 67 in-service principals and vice-principals during three different training periods as 2020-Ⅰ, 2020-Ⅱ, and 2021-Ⅰ. We present and compare the result on their satisfaction in terms of satisfaction regarding the process, administrative supports, and optional programs among the training. Next, we explore how the school administrators think the creative leadership training and proposal for its improvement. Based on the feedback for these stakeholders, further studies need to steadily enhance the professional development training for creative leadership and practical program contents.

이 연구는 지방의회의 의정활동이 지방공무원들의 만족도에 미치는 영향 관계를 부산광역시 공무원들의 인식 조사를 통해 파악한 것이다. 이런 의정활동 만족도 분석을 통해 지방의회의 정당성과 책임성, 그리고 시민에 대한 대응성이 높아질 수 있다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 조례안 발의 활동과 민원 반영 활동이 집행기관 공무원들의 의정활동 만족도에 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 첫째, 조례안 발의 내용들이 시민생활 향상의 내용을 담고 이것이 전체 시민들의 욕구와 부합될 때 공무원들의 만족도에 영향을 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 민원 반영 활동이 만족도에 미치는 영향은 시민들의 의견을 적극적으로 수렴하고 나아가 이를 정책에 반영하고 시민들의 시정에 대한 욕구와 부합된다고 인지될 때 집행기관 공무원들의 만족도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다.

The purpose of this study was to determine through a structural model of the impact on satisfaction related to legislative activities of Busan Metropolitan Council. Through this legislative activity it will increase the responsiveness and satisfaction analysis for the legitimacy and responsibility of local councils and citizens. Analysis of these results are as follows. Activities of an ordinance initiative and handling civil affairs showed statistical significance on the satisfaction of executive officers to legislative activities of the council. First, activities of an ordinance initiative containing information that can improve the content of civic life affects the satisfaction of public servants when the activities met with desires of all citizens. Second, The strong convergence of the citizens' opinion and the activities of policies that match and reflect complaints and desires of the citizens was strongly influenced by the satisfaction of public servants.