Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 지역사회에서 자립생활을 하는 정신장애인이 COVID-19를 경험하면서 위기가 자립생활 에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 탐색하는 데 있다. 지역사회에서 자립생활을 유지하고 있는 정신장애인 10명을 대상으로 면접하였으며, 분석한 결과, ‘내가 생각하는 자립의 의미’, ‘자립을 위한 필요조건’, ‘COVID-19가 자립생활에 미친 영향’, ‘COVID-19 위기에 대한 적응과 대처’의 네 가지 주요 주제를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 세 가지 방안을 제안했다. 첫째, 정신장애인이 비장애인들과 함께 일상생활을 공유할 수 있는 기회가 지역사회 안에서 더욱 다양하게 구축되어야 한다. 둘째, 정신장애인의 자립생활을 위한 사회적 지지체계로 가족, 동료지원가, 지역주민, 전문가 등을 대상으로 정신장애에 대한 이해를 높일 수 있는 교육과 지원을 확대해야 한다. 마지막으로 정신장애인이 COVID-19와 같은 전염병 위기 상황뿐만 아니라 재발, 가족 갈등 등 일상에서 경험할 수 있는 위기들에 대처하고 자립생활에 활용될 수 있도록 다양한 서비스 방식을 구축 및 재정비하는 것이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the covid-19 crisis of people with mental disabilities who were living independently. We interviewed with 10 people with mental disabilities who were living independently. As a result, four major themes were identified: ‘What I think of independence’, ‘The Necessary Conditions for independence’, ‘The impact of covid-19 on independent living’, and ‘Adaptation and coping with the covid-19 crisis’. Based on these, three suggestions were made. First, it is necessary to provide opportunities for mentally disabled individuals to engage in shared activities with non-disabled people. Second, Education and support should be expanded to enhance understanding of mental disorders for families, peer supporters, local residents, and experts. Lastly, It is necessary to establish and reorganize various service methods so that they can cope with not only infectious diseases crises such as covid-19, but also crises that people with mental disabilities may experience in their daily lives, such as relapse and family conflict, and can be used for independent living.

본 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹으로 인해 빈곤층에서 증가한 경제적 위기와 영양적 위험, 그 대응전략을 탐색하기 위하여, 방글라데시 랑푸르도 카하롤군 5세 미만 자녀를 둔 여성 45명을 대상으로 심층면 접조사를 실시하였다. 대부분의 응답자는 코로나19 대유행 이후 실직 및 소득 감소를 경험하였고, 주식 및 영양가 있는 식품을 구매할 수 없었으며, 특히, 아동과 임산부는 영양적으로 부족하고 불균 형한 음식을 섭취하고 있었다. 이러한 위기에 대응하기 위해 각 가구들은 가축을 팔거나, 대출을 받고, 저축을 사용하는 등 다양한 임시방편적인 전략을 취했다. 특히, 대출을 받은 경우 대출금을 상환할 수 없어 다시금 심각한 경제적⋅정신적 스트레스의 악순환에 빠졌다. 응답자들은 이러한 위기를 미래에도 극복할 수 없을 것이라는 만연한 무력감과 좌절감을 표현했다. 조사 당시 지역정부 와 NGO의 지원이 부족했고, 지역사회 주민들 간 상호 부조 역시 경제적 어려움으로 인해 거의 발견 되지 않았다. 본 연구는 지속 가능한 대응전략으로서 자급자족을 촉진하는 소득증대 지원 등의 확대 와 지역사회 회복력 강화를 위한 후속 연구를 제안하였다.

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic heightened the risk of economic and nutritional instability, particularly among the poor population. We conducted in-depth interviews with 45 women with young children in Kaharole Upazila, Rangpur Division, in Bangladesh. Most respondents reported reduced income or job loss since the pandemic and could not afford to purchase staples and nutrient-rich foods. Young children and pregnant women were at risk of having inadequate diets. The households used stress coping mechanisms such as selling livestock, taking loans, and spending savings several times. The coping mechanisms again put the respondents into a vicious economic and severe mental stress cycle as they had no way to repay the loan. Respondents expressed helplessness and frustration as a result of the economic downturn. There was a lack of relief assistance from local governments or civil societies. Our findings showed poor Bangladesh women faced financial hardship, limited food choices, and provisional coping strategies. It is advised that disaster relief efforts be directed toward helping the affected population maintain their standard of living and building local community resilience.

Background: With the increasing use of narcotic analgesics, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety has been operating the National Narcotics Information Management System (NIMS) since 2018 in Korea. Some studies are related to the narcotic analgesics use, but the evaluation studies of system, including NIMS users are insufficient. Objective: This study evaluated the NIMS enforcement process through in-depth interviews on the experience of using NIMS of doctors and pharmacists who prescribe or dispense opioid analgesics. Methods: Participants in this study were selected through purposeful sampling as three doctors and two pharmacists in the metropolitan area. The interviews were conducted from August 27 to October 19, 2022. Each interview was analyzed using a phenomenological method. Results: Six components of this study included “Doctors and pharmacists come across drug abusers”, “They respond individually to drug abusers”, “They use NIMS tailored to the needs of system managers”, “They are concerned about the role of NIMS in practice settings”, “They face challenges against drug abusers” and “They find a way to utilize the system to deal with drug abusers.” The interviews confirmed that doctors and pharmacists used NIMS little in their work, and they only reported data. Therefore, it might be difficult for doctors and pharmacists to take measures for the safe use of narcotic analgesics. Conclusion: It is likely that adding data-feedback and medication-check function can reduce the abuse of narcotic analgesics. In the future, further studies on the evaluation of the empirical results of NIMS and review of systems in other countries will be required.

Objective: The disabled are in a blind spot for obtaining information on drugs, and the pharmacies’ counseling on drug use is centered on non-disabled people. Few studies have investigated the current statuses of drug use by type of disability. The purpose of this study is to understand the drug use by type of disability and by life cycle of visually impaired and hearing impaired in Korea. Methods: The study participants consisted of 16 people with visually impairments, 12 people with hearing impairments. One indepth interview was conducted per participant, and each interview was recorded and documented. Results: Common barriers against safe medication and medical service uses across disability types are ‘lack of consideration and service for the disabled, limited access to medical facilities due to disability, limited access to information regarding medication use, psychological anxiety about drug use and side effects, and inconvenience regarding COVID-19 epidemic. The specific factors were ‘difficulties in identifying proper medicines and following prescribed dosages’ in the case of visually impaired, and ‘problems with sign language interpretation system’ for the hearing impaired. Conclusion: Disabled people are hindered from using medicines properly due to various factors. Based on the content derived from this study, it is necessary to eliminate the inhibition factors and devise specific measures for the safety of each type of disorder such as developing a method for medication counseling considering disabilities and establishing communication support systems.

Objective: Because of communication difficulties, the hearing-impaired face many disadvantages throughout their lives. One of those is limited access to health care services, particularly medication service. Though they suffer from problems related to taking medication properly, there have been few studies on their actual condition of medication use in Korea. This study is to investigate any obstacles to properly taking medications and, therefore, to suggest preliminary evidence for policy measures to improve safe medication use among the hearing-impaired. Methods: Study participants consisted of hearing-impaired individuals living in Seoul. We also interviewed two sign language interpreters in order to illuminate health care state of the hearing- impaired. In-depth interview for each study participant was recorded and was translated into a written script for analysis. Results: Study participants were comprised of four women (66.6%) and two men (33.3%). There were one participants in 20's, two participants in 30's, one 40's, and two 50's. Sign language interpreters were all women. One was in her 30's and the other was in her 40's. Communication difficulties have been found to be key barrier to use medication safely. A negative image of pharmacists also hinders safe medication usage, lowering access to local pharmacy and leading discretional self-medication. This article provides pharmacists with solutions to promote adherence in this population. Conclusion: The hearing-impaired had limited access to medication-related information as well as using services in a hospital and local pharmacy due to their disability. Institutional improvement for safe medication usage among the hearing-impaired is necessary.

Objective: The visually impaired have limited access to health care services and related information, and thus, they can have serious hurdles against properly taking medications. Despite that it is important to improve self-care ability of the visually impaired for correct medication use, there have been few studies investigating their needs for health care services in Korea, particularly focusing on proper medication usage. This study is to explore safety-related issues regarding mediation usage among the visually impaired based on in-depth interview. We particularly focus on any obstacles for safe use of medicines including experience on medication-related adverse effects in order to provide preliminary evidence for policy measures to improve proper medication use among the visually impaired. Methods: Study sample was visually impaired individuals who resided in Seoul area and were registered in the National Association of Visually Impaired. The association helped the process of recruiting the study participants. In-depth interview for each study participants was conducted. Each interview was recorded and later converted into a written script to extract core contents for the analysis. Results: The study participants comprised of three women (42.9%) and four men (57.1%). One was in his 20's, and there were four participants in 30's and two in 40's. Fully impaired participants were majority (5 out of 7). Limitation to physical access to health care providers and health information were the key factors to hamper safe medication utilization among the study participants. Difficulty reading medication information and may take the wrong medication or incorrect doses of medication, resulting in serious consequences, including overdose or inadequate treatment of health problems. Visually impaired patients report increased anxiety related to medication management and must rely on others to obtain necessary drug information. Pharmacists have a unique opportunity to pursue accurate medication adherence in this special population. This article reviews literature illustrating how severe medication mismanagement can occur in the visually impaired elderly and presents resources and solutions for pharmacists to take a larger role in adherence management in this population. Conclusion: The visually impaired had difficulties reading medication information and identifying medicines, and took incorrect doses of medications. Public support for safe medication use and medication management among the visually impaired is necessary.

Background: Professional identity among novice health professions students is fluid and context-dependent, constructed through narratives that integrate personal experience and social expectations. Following Korea’s transition to a six-year pharmacy program directly admitting high school graduates, little is known about how new entrants construct and interpret their career choices. Objective: This study explored how first- and second-year pharmacy students narrate their choice of pharmacy and how early collegiate experiences shape career reflection. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 first- and second-year students at a pharmacy school. Transcripts were thematically analyzed using category aggregation, with credibility enhanced through triangulation and participant feedback. Results: Students’ narratives revealed four main drivers of career choice: strong family influence, personal interests and dispositions, admissions and institutional structures, and selective preference for pharmacy over medicine. Career values centered on stability, economic security, and social prestige, though some emphasized intrinsic interest and growth. Early curricular activities and peer interactions broadened perspectives toward research, industry, and regulatory roles. A minority reported lack of direction and motivation, showing that secure admission alone did not ensure sustained purpose. Conclusion: Findings align with prior research in health professions, underscoring the powerful role of family expectations and sociocultural context. Students demonstrated nascent career narratives strongly influenced by external factors, highlighting the importance of educational opportunities that promote narrative reflection. Structured interventions such as seminars, mentoring, and diverse career role models may foster intentional exploration and the formation of a mature professional identity.

본 연구는 중장년기 1인가구를 대상으로 가족관계와 결혼에 관한 관점을 심층적으로 탐색하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 35세부터 64세 중장년기에 해당하는 1인가구 중 16명의 연구참여자를 의도적 표집 방법으로 모집하였다. 자료수집은 연구참여자를 50세를 기점으로 두 개의 연령대인 초기 중장년과 후기 중 장년과 성별에 따라 4개의 그룹으로 나누어 포커스그룹인터뷰를 통해 이루어졌다. 자료 분석은 주제분석법을 활용하여 진행되었으며 연구결과 ‘중장년 1인가구와 가족관계’, ‘중장년 1인가구와 결혼’, 이렇게 2개의 대주제와 ‘가족에게서 벗어나기 위한 1인가구’, ‘가족을 부양하기 위한 1인가구’, ‘가족의 간섭이 없어 자유롭고 편안한 삶’, ‘동전의 양면: 가족이 없어 쓸쓸하고 외로운 삶’, ‘거리감으로 인한 애틋하고 친밀한 가족관계’, ‘1인가구의 가족 돌봄’, ‘과도한 가족부양 의식과 현실적 어려움으로 결혼 포기하는 남성’, ‘가부장적 사고방식으로 인해 친밀한 관계 맺기 어려운 남성’, ‘자신의 삶을 희생하며 챙겨야 하는 결혼을 포기하는 여성’, ‘불합 리한 시부모 관계로 인해 결혼을 포기하는 여성’, ‘결혼을 바라지만 현실적 제약을 인식 및 현실 만족’, 이렇게 11개의 소주제가 도출되었다. 본 연구결과, 중장년 1 인가구 연구참여자에게 가족은 여전히 중요한 요소로 다양한 영향력을 행사하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 중장년 1인가구의 가족관계와 결혼에 관한 다양한 논 의와 제언을 제시하였다.

This study explored in-depth the perspective on family relations and marriage of middle-aged single-person households. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 16 participants from single-person households aged 35 to 64 were recruited by an intentional sampling method. Data collection was conducted through focus group interviews by dividing the study participants into four groups according to two age groups, early middle-aged and late middle-aged and gender, starting from the age of 50. The data analysis was conducted using the thematic analysis method, and 11 subtopics were derived: “Middle-aged single-person households and family relationships”, “Middle-aged single-person households to get away from their families”, “One-person households to support their families”, “One-person households to support their families”, “Free and comfortable life without family interference”, “Two sides of the coin: a lonely and lonely life without family”, “A loving and intimate family relationship due to distance”, “Caring for a single-person family”, “Men who give up marriage due to excessive awareness of family support and practical difficulties”, “Men who are difficult to establish intimate relationships due to patriarchal mindset”, “Women who give up marriage at the expense of their lives”, “Women who give up marriage due to unreasonable parents-in-law relationships” and “Awareness of realistic restrictions and satisfaction with reality”. The results of this study confirmed that families are still important factors for participants in the study of middle-aged single-person households, and various discussions and suggestions on family relations and marriage of middle-aged single-person households were presented.

본 연구의 목적은 여대생의 결혼관에 대해 질적으로 탐색하는 것이었다. 본 연구의 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여대생의 결혼제도에 대한 인식은 어떠한가? 둘째, 여대생의 결혼의 필요성에 대한 인식은 어떠한가?, 셋째, 여대생이 생각하는 성공적인 결혼은 어떠한가? 였다. 이를 위하여 18명의 여대생을 대상으로 질문지를 활용한 서면 조사를 실시하였으며, 수정된 합의적 질적 방법(CQR-M; Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified)으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 3개의 영역에서 9개 범주, 25개 하위범주를 도출되었다. 첫째, 여대생의 결혼제도에 대한 인식에서 ‘결혼제도 자체에 대한 인식’, ‘출산에 대한 인식’, ‘결혼생활 중 경험할 수 있는 갈등에 대한 인식’, ‘부부의 경제 관리에 대한 인식’의 4개의 범주와 8개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 둘째, 여대생의 결혼의 필요성에 대한 인식에서 ‘결혼은 ‘반드시’ 필요‘, ’결혼은 ‘선택’의 2개 범주가 도출되었으며, 9개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 셋째, 여대생이 생각하는 성공적인 결혼에서 ‘배우자 선택’, ‘결혼생활’, ‘자녀에게 미치는 영향 고려’의 3개 범주가 도출되었으며, 8개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 본 연구를 통해 변화하는 시대를 살아가는 여대생들의 결혼관에 대해 깊이 이해할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore female college students’ views on marriage. The research questions of this study are as follows. First, what is the perception of female college students about the marriage system? Second, what is the perception of female college students about the necessity of marriage? Third, what do female college students think a successful marriage is? For this purpose, a written survey using questionnaires was conducted targeting 18 female college students. The analysis was conducted using the modified Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified (CQR-M). As a result, 9 categories and 25 subcategories were derived from 3 areas. First, four categories and eight subcategories were derived from female college students’ perceptions of the marriage system; ‘Awareness of the marriage system itself’, ‘Awareness of childbirth’, ‘Awareness of conflicts that may be experienced during marriage’, ‘Awareness of couple’s economic management’. Second, two categories were derived from female college students’ perception of the necessity of marriage, and nine subcategories were derived; ‘Marriage is ‘inevitable’, ‘marriage is ‘choice’ ’. Third, three categories were derived from female college students’ thoughts on successful marriage, and eight subcategories were derived; ‘Spouse selection’, ‘marriage life’, ‘Consider the impact on your children’. It is expected that this study will be able to provide basic data to deeply understand the marriage views of female college students living in a changing era.

본 연구는 노부모를 부양하는 시간이 점점 길어지는 상황에서 부양지원을 제공하는 기혼 딸과 노부모의 관계를 탐색하고자 하였다. 노부모와 기혼 딸의 관계라 는 현상을 구체적으로 탐색하고 이해하고자 Giorgi (1985)의 현상학적 연구방법론을 채택하였으며, 의도적 표집 방법과 눈덩이 표집 방법으로 6명의 연구참여자를 선정하였다. 연구참여자별 심층 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하고 현상학적 연구방법론에 따라 자료 분석이 이루어졌다. 분석 결과 10개의 구성요소와 32개의 하위 구 성요소가 도출되었으며, 기혼 딸이 부양 지원하는 노부모와의 관계는 ‘점점 커지는 부양지원’ 상황 속에서 ‘모호한 경계선으로 힘듦’과 ‘편한 딸로서의 서운함’을 경험하면서도 ‘짠한 부모님을 사랑할 결심’을 의식적으로 하면서 지원하는 관계로 서술되었다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 많이 연구되지 않은 일상생활을 영위하는 비동거 노부모를 부양지원 하는 기혼 딸과 노부모의 관계를 탐색하여, 기혼 딸의 부양지원 과 정의 경험에 관한 구체적이고 포괄적인 이해를 제공할 수 있었다는 의의가 있다. 본 연구 결과는 부양지원을 하는 기혼 딸과 노부모 관계를 증진할 수 있는 교육과 상담 프로그램의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있는 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.

This study attempted to explore the relationship between married daughters and elderly parents who provide support in a situation where the support time for elderly parents is getting longer. Giorgi (1985)'s phenomenological research methodology was adopted to specifically explore and understand the phenomenon of the relationship between elderly parents and married daughters, and six research participants were selected using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with each research participant, and data analysis was conducted according to phenomenological research methodology. As a result of the analysis, 10 components and 32 sub-components were derived, and a married daughter's relationship with her elderly parents was described as that of support while consciously making a 'resolution to love her parents' even though she experiences 'difficulty with vague boundaries' and ‘hurt as a comfortable daughter' in a situation of 'increasing support'. This study is meaningful in that it can provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the experience of the supporting process of married daughters by exploring the relationship between elderly parents and married daughters who support non-living-at-home elderly parents, which is not studied much in previous studies. The results of this study can be said to be meaningful in that they can be used as basic data for education and counseling programs that can promote the relationship between elderly parents and married daughters who provide support.

이 연구는 영유아교사의 교직발달을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 영유아교사의 교직발달 과정을 분석하기 위하여 영유아교사 5명을 연구 참여자로 선정하였다. 자료는 반구조화된 질문지를 이용하 여 수집 및 분석하였다. 질문지는 교직입문 전 단계 3문항, 교직입문 후 단계 4문항, 그리고 미래 3 문항으로, 총 10문항으로 구성되었다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영유아교사들은 다양한 동기로 교직을 선택한 것으로 나타났으며, 교원양성대학에서 교사의 자질을 함양하기 위하여 다방 면으로 노력하였다. 둘째, 영유아교사들은 교직에 입문한 후 설렘과 기대감이 가득하였으며, 반면 교 직수행 과정에서 심리적 위축과 어려움에 직면하기도 하였다. 그러나 가족이나 동료 교사의 위로 및 지지를 받으며 극복해 나갔다. 셋째, 많은 영유아교사가 승진을 고려하지 않는 것으로 나타났으 며, 유아에게 긍정적인 영향력을 제공하는 교사가 되기를 지향하고 있었다. 결과적으로 영유아교사 들의 교직발달은 능동적이고 복합적인 구조에서 이루어짐을 이 연구에서는 시사하고 있다.

This study was conducted to analyze the teaching development of early childhood teachers. In order to analyze the teaching development process of early childhood teachers, five early childhood teachers were selected as research participants. Data were collected and analyzed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, including three questions about the stage before entering the teaching profession, four questions about the stage after entering the teaching profession, and three questions about the future. The primary outcomes from the research are as follows: First, early childhood teachers were found to have chosen the teaching profession for various reasons and made efforts in various ways to enhance their qualifications as teachers in colleges of education. Second, early childhood teachers were full of excitement and anticipation after entering the teaching profession, but on the other hand, they also faced psychological contraction and difficulties in the teaching process. However, they overcame these issues with consolation and support from their families and fellow teachers. Third, it was found that many early childhood teachers were not considering promotion and were aiming to become teachers who positively influence young children. The outcomes of this study suggest that the teaching development of early childhood teachers takes place in an active and complex structure.

본 연구는 신고의무자의 법정의무교육인 노인학대 예방교육 참여경험을 심층적으로 탐색하여 노인학대 예방 교육의 활성화방안을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 풍부하고 깊이 있는 자료를 도출하기 위해 신고의무자 17개 직군 중 신고비율이 높은 영역과 예방교육 참여율이 낮은 영역 등을 고려하여 노인복지시설, 재가장기요양기관, 다문 화건강가정지원센터 등 7명의 실무자를 선정하였다. 비구조화된 심층 면접으로 자료를 수집하였고, 질적 자료분 석방법인 연속적 비교법으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 의미있는 진술의 근간으로 5개의 주제와 24개의 하위 주제가 도출되었다. 5개의 주제는 ① 노인학대 예방교육에 대한 인식, ② 효과, ③ 장단점이 명확한 교육방법, ④ 예방 교육 활성화 장애요인, ⑤ 교육 효과성 방안이었다. 이렇게 도출된 결과를 토대로 노인학대 예방교육의 효과를 높이는 활성화방안을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to identify paths towards developing elder abuse prevention, through an in-depth exploration of the experiences of persons engaged in statutory compulsory education. Seven working-level workers, including elderly welfare facilities, long-term care institutions, and multicultural health family support centers, were recruited considering areas with a high reporting rate as well as a low participation rate in prevention education among 17 job groups obligated to report. Data were collected through unstructured in-depth interviews and analyzed, using constant comparative methods as the qualitative data analysis methods. As a result, five topics and 24 subtopics were derived, as the basis for meaningful statements. The five topics were ① the perception of elder abuse prevention education, ② effectiveness of elder abuse prevention education, ③ an education method with clear advantages and disadvantages, ④ obstacles to activating prevention education, and ⑤ paths towards improving effectiveness. Based on the results derived, an activation plan to increase the effectiveness of elder abuse prevention education is suggested.

소비 감정 반응이 온·오프라인 채널에 따라 감정의 흐름이나 방향성, 유발 감정 및 동 인에 있어 차이가 있음에도 불구하고 기존 연구는 두 채널간 경계를 두지 않고 오프라인 환경 기반의 감정 체계를 온라인 쇼핑상황을 포함한 다양한 마케팅 상황에 그대로 적용 및 설명하는 등의 한계가 있다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 연구는 온·오프라인 채널을 포괄 하여 온·오프라인 구매상황에서 소비자가 느끼는 감정 반응을 채널별로 추출 및 분류하 고, 이를 비교·분석하여 채널별 발현되는 소비 감정 반응을 구조화하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 첫 번째 단계에서는 설문지를 이용한 탐색조사를 수행하여 온·오프라인 채널에서 소비자가 경험하는 소비 감정 항목을 도출하고, 채널별 차별적 특성을 확인하였다. 분석결과, 소비 감정 반응은 66개의 소비 감정 반응 항목으로 구성되는 것을 확인하였다. 두 번째 단계에서는 앞서 추출된 항목들에 대한 질적 타당성 을 확보하기 위해 전문가분석을 수행하여 추출된 감정 반응 항목을 정제하고, 이들 항목 을 대면·비대면 상황에서의 타인과의 상호작용 정도에 따라 분류 및 구조화하였다. 분석 결과, 소비 감정 반응은 채널별 4개 요인과 56개의 소비감정 반응 항목으로 구성되는 것 을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 온·오프라인 채널에서 소비자가 경험하는 감정 반응을 구조화하여 관련 연 구의 학문적 범위를 넓히고, 채널별로 공통된 감정과 차별적 감정을 보다 심층적으로 이 해하여 소비자 감정 반응이 온라인과 오프라인 채널간 상호독립성을 띠고 있음을 면밀히 검토하고 시사한다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 수행결과를 통해 소비자 구매행 동의 전반적 흐름에서 유발되는 다양한 소비 감정을 분석하여 고객 경험을 보다 효율적 으로 관리 및 대응하기 위한 마케팅 시사점을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

Despite differences in consumer’s emotional responses in terms of emotional flow or direction, emotions evoked, and motives in online and offline channels, previous studies did not distinguish online and offline channels and applied offline environment-based emotional system to various marketing circumstances, including online shopping situations, and have limits therefrom. To eliminate these limits, this study extracted and classified the emotional responses that consumers feel in online and offline purchasing situations by channel, including online and offline channels, and compared and analyzed them to structuralize consumers’ emotional responses manifested in each channel. The key research results were as follows; In the first step, emotional response items experienced by consumers in online and offline channels were derived and the differential characteristics of each channel were identified through an exploratory survey performed by using a questionnaire. The result confirmed that consumers’ emotional responses consisted of 66 emotional response items for each channel. In the second step, an expert analysis was performed to secure the qualitative validity of the items extracted in the previous step and refined extracted emotional response items. These items were then classified and structured according to the degree of interaction with others in face-to-face and non-face-to-face situations. The result confirmed that consumers’ emotional responses consisted of four factors and 56 emotional response items. This study has a significance in that it expanded the academic scope of related studies by structuring the emotional responses experienced by consumers in online and offline channels, and understanding common and differentiated emotions for each channel more profoundly, and thereby throughly examining and implying that consumers’ emotional responses have the mutual independence between online and offline channels. By applying the results of this study, it would be possible to analyze various emotions induced in the overall flow of consumer behaviors and present marketing implications for more efficient management of customer experiences.

This study explored the advantages and disadvantages according to the‘residential pattern’of the youth who were discharged from the facility. Participants were 19 people who were discharged from the child care facilities. The data analysis induced 18 topics (5 related to advantage and 13 related to disadvantage) based on five residential patterns: Living with those who were also discharged from the facilities was ‘cost-effective’ and ‘collapsed together’. Living alone in a rented room was ‘unstable’ and ‘satisfied with receiving housing benefits’. Child care facilities (extension of protection) were ‘psychological stability’, ‘limitations of language training and leave of absence from school’ and ‘life discipline’. Independent living centers have been found to be ‘can save money’, ‘can get management and support’ and ‘can't play as much as I want’. Houses provided by the Korea Land & Housing Corporation(LH) were found to be ‘low cost of housing’, ‘restrictions on eligibility and timing of applications’ and ‘can be misguided’. Permanent lease among houses provided by LH was found to ‘take time to permit’ and ‘poor housing conditions due to aging’. Lease on a deposit basis for children without parents among houses provided by LH was found to be ‘unable to continue residence’, ‘the landlord is reluctant due to complicated procedures’ and ‘I don't like it even if I find it difficult’. Based on the results of the study, a policy proposal was made to support the discharged youth.

The purpose of this study was to explore secondary school student teacher’s group counseling experience. For this, 12 student teachers studying secondary education and had group counseling experience participated in this study, and they were examined their experiences in each stage of group counseling and application method by using focus group interview. Results showed that 4 domains and 10 categories as for secondary school student teachers’ group counseling experiences were drawn. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, as a result of examining the experiences of the start stage of group counseling, student teachers experienced expectations for communication and fear of group counseling. Second, as a result of examining the experiences of the intermediate stage of group counseling, student teachers experienced listening to others and empathy, self-understanding, learning counseling skills, and finding strength of others. Third, as a result of examining the experiences of the finishing stage of group counseling, student teachers experienced increasing in recognition and acceptance of oneself, and identification of possibility for change. Fourth, as a result of examining application method of the experiences after group counseling, student teachers experienced practice of behavior change and thinking about application method of group counseling as a teacher. The result of this study is meaningful in that it provides basic information on guidance and strengthening counseling capacity for student teachers.

본 연구에서는 성폭력가해자의 수강명령의 경험의 세계를 밝히고 대상자의 서술적 이야기를 통해 수강명령 이행 경험을 질적으로 탐색하였다. 성폭력 가해자가 드러낸 수강의 의미를 구체적으로 밝히고자 ‘성폭력 가해자의 수강명령과정에서의 경험은 무엇인가?’ 라는 연구문제를 설정하고 성폭력 가해자의 수강명령 과정에서의 경험을 근거이론(Ground theory) 접근법에 따라 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 성폭력 범죄 이후부터 수강명령 종료까지의 참여자의 경험은 ‘성인식의 재정립과 변화노력을 통해 일상적 삶을 희망하고 사회 속에서 더불어 살기’로 나타났다. 한층 더 나아가서는 적극적으로 삶의 변화를 받아들이려는 노력과 소중한 가족들과 일상의 삶을 살기를 희망하였다. 참여자들의 유형은 수동-회피형, 수용-반성형, 적극-변화형으로 구분되었으며 수강명령 과정의 분석 결과는 혼란단계, 성찰단계, 재도약의 단계로 나타났다. 본 연구는 성범죄이후 수강명령 종료 시점까지의 참여자들의 생생한 목소리를 통해 수강경험의 의미를 토대로 이들의 실체적 경험과 이론적 틀을 위한 개념을 밝힌 것이라는 점과 수강명령과정에서의 유형별 치료적 분위기가 조성되는 것이 필요할 것이라는 것을 밝힌 점, 다양한 자기성찰 내용과 타인과 교류 등 대처방식의 수준제고에 대한 실천적인 고민을 갖게 된 점에서 함의가 있다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 수강명령에 임하는 참여자간의 동기수준이 각각 다르므로 동기부분을 더욱 강화하여 프로그램의 효과성을 높이기 위해 치료 전 예비프로그램의 운영이 무엇보다 필요하다. 둘째, 치료자와 참여자간에 치료적인 동맹을 통해 치료의 효과를 높일 수 있도록 치료자의 질 향상을 위한 내부적 시스템이 필요하다. 셋째, 멘토링 등 사회 정착 프로그램이나 가해자를 위한 상담기관이 절대적으로 필요하다는 것이다. 친사회적인 삶을 살아갈 수 있도록 제도적인 장치가 이들에게 무엇보다 절실하다.

This study has clarified the experiential world for sexual violence offenders' attendance order and has qualitatively explored the implementation experience of attendance order through subjects' narratives. In accordance with this, the research issue 'What is sexual violence offenders' experience in the process of attendance order has been established and violence offenders' experience in the process of attendance order has been analyzed according to a grounded theory approach to determine the significance of attendance offenders disclosed. As a result of analysis, the participants' experience from sexual violence crime to the termination of attendance order has proved to be 'living together in society and hoping for a daily life through the reestablishment of sexual perceptions and efforts to change. Furthermore, they yearn for living with their precious family in daily life with efforts to embrace their life changes actively. The types of participants are classified into passiveness-avoidance, acceptance-reflection, activeness-change and the process of attendance order has proved to have a phase of confusion, introspection and take-off. This study has implications in that the concepts for sexual violence offenders' substantive experience and theoretical frame have been clarified based on the significance of attendance experience through participants' in-person voice from sexual assault to the termination of attendance order and the necessity of forming a therapeutic atmosphere depending on each type has been elucidated in the process of attendance orders and practical concern about enhancement of coping methods in substance of various introspection and interchange with others. This study makes some suggestions as follows. First, the motivation level of attendance orders is different depending on participants and therefore the operation of preliminary program is most necessary to improve the effectiveness of program by reinforcing the motivation. Second, an internal system is necessary for quality improvement of therapists through a therapeutic alliance between therapists and participants. Third, a settlement program in society such as mentoring or counseling agencies for assailants is absolutely necessary. An institutional device for pro-social life is urgent above everything else.

본 연구는 질적연구방법을 활용하여 영양교사들의 교직경험을 총체적이고 심층 적으로 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 기존 연구들의 제한점을 극복하기 위해 영양교사들의 교직경험을 현상학적 질적연구방법을 통해 구체적으로 파악하고자 하 였다. 영양교사들의 교직경험은 일차적으로 정체성 확립 과정에서의 혼란과 갈등이 었다. 업무수행상의 애로와 불합리한 제도 가운데서도 교사로서 수업 수행과 표준교 과서의 필요성을 직시하며 준비하고 있었으며, 긍정적인 자세로 전문성 및 역량강화 를 위한 노력을 자조적으로 계속하면서 서서히 교직문화에 적응하고 정체성을 확립 해나가고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과로 보아 영양교사가 정체성을 확립하고 교육자로서의 직무를 수행하 기 위해서는 첫째, 영양교육수업과 관련된 구체적인 하위 규정이 마련되어 영양수업 시수가 확보되고, 체계적이고 표준화된 영양교육과정의 개발 및 교과서 개발이 요구 된다. 둘째, 업무에 대한 세부지침과 업무의 재분장 뿐만 아니라 업무의 전문성 확보 를 위해서 영양장학사의 배치가 반드시 필요하다. 셋째, 영양교사는 직무분야 특성이 다르므로 업무의 특수성을 충분히 고려한 별도의 평가기준을 마련하고 평가항목을 제시하여 사기진작과 교육의 질 향상을 지향해야 한다. 넷째, 전문인으로서의 자기계 발을 위해 노력하고 긍정적인 자세로 자신의 발전을 추구할 수 있도록 직무수행도와 만족도를 높일 수 있는 현실적인 방안 마련도 필요하다.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the nutrition teachers' experiences in schools. This study was conducted through depth interview with 7 nutrition teachers through an analysis of the qualitative materials which are the data from in-depth interviews, field notes and materials. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological research methods. Overall 95 significant statements, 18 formulated meanings(sub-theme), and 6 theme clusters were deduced. the 6 theme clusters for the nutrition teachers experience in school were 'confusion and conflicts in the identity establishment process', 'opinion about teaching', 'need for standardized text book', 'difficulty on job accomplishment', 'awareness of irrationality of system', and 'effort for empowerment'. Findings from this study can lead us to understand the inner reality of nutrition teachers' experiences and interaction between teachers in the complicated school environment. The results suggesting nutrition education curriculum and standardized text books are needed to teach and enhance nutritional status of the students. Improvement of legal background and making a school inspector of nutrition teacher in the Office of Education Support should be intensified.

본 연구는 한국 노인들이 그들 스스로의 입장에서 과거와 현재 삶에 대하여 어떤 해석과 의미를 부여하 는가를 탐색함으로써 노인으로서 삶의 적응 모습을 생생하게 규명하는 현상학적인 접근을 적용하는 질적 연구이다. 본 연구의 참여자는 65세-80세 해당되는 삶의 경험이 풍부한 노인들 13명이다. 이 연구자들을 대상으로 심층면접을 통해 얻은 자료를 Colaizzi의 분석방법을 이용하여 노인들의 삶의 경험에 관한 분석 결과를 얻었는데 19개의 주제 모음을 조직화하였으며, 범주 5개가 도출되었다. 즉, 한국 노인의 삶의 경험 에 관한 범주로 '한국역사의 산 증인으로 역경을 헤쳐 나옴', '원가족과 지낸 역동의 삶', '결혼과 가정이 주 었던 의미들', '일의 성취와 실패를 경험함' 그리고 '현재 처한 현실' 이 도출되었다. 본 연구는 노인 스스로 가 자신의 삶을 재발견하며 새로운 시각으로 노년기에 처한 자신의 능력과 자원을 바라봄으로써 노인복지 의 효과적인 실천적 ․정책적 방안을 모색하는데 의의를 갖는다.

This study is a qualitative research using a phenomenological research design which refers to vividly identify adjustment process for Korean elderly people by investigating what the elderly people interpret and reflect regarding their past and present lives in their own opinion. The participants are 13 the elderly whose ages 65th-80th, have had lots of experience in their lives. Collected date by in-depth interviews has derived 19 theme clusters and 5 categories on the elderly's experience using Colaizzi's phenomenological method of data analysis. The elderly people have experienced 'overcoming the difficulties during the past Korean history as a living witness', 'the life of dynamics with original family', ‘the meaning of marriage and the family', 'achievements and failures on the work experience’ and 'current reality which is faced'. This study shows us that how elderly people realized their identity, potential, and resources from the new perspective. Moreover, the results of this study effectively provide practical and political applications of social work for the elderly through identifying.

Students with disabilities are more vulnerable to school violence, but there has been few research on school violence involving this population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of school violence involving students with disabilities and related contextual variables in order to propose the directions for prevention and intervention of the violence. Twelve special education teachers participated in this qualitative study and in-depth individual interviews were used to collect data. Five themes emerged as a result of qualitative analyses: (1) backgrounds, (2) detection and phases, (3) resolution procedures, (4) the impacts of the violence incidents, and (5) dilemmas. Finally, the implications of the results for practices and policy and the directions for future research were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 교육정책, 교육과정, 교육방법 등과 관련하여 교육부 혹은 시도단위 교육청에서 지정, 운영하고 있는 연구학교에 대해 이를 운영해 본 현장교사들의 견해를 탐색해 보는데 있다. 연구목적의 실현을 위해 연구학교 수행경험이 있는 교사 9명을 대상으로 FGI를 실시하였다. 또한 연구학교 경험이 있는 또 다른 교사 5인을 대상으로 성찰일지를 작성케 하여 그 내용을 질적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 나타난 연구학교 운영의 문제점 및 해결방안을 다음과 같이 정리하였다. 먼저, 연구학교 운영의 문제점은 첫째, 계획서 작성에 대한 부담감, 둘째, 연구 수행을 위한 환경의 문제, 셋째, 연구자의 연구 역량 부족, 넷째, 연구학교 평가의 부적절성, 다섯째, 연구시간의 부족, 여섯째, 연구학교에 대한 지나친 간섭, 일곱째, 연구학교 지원을 위한 정보 창구의 부족 등으로 나타났다. 다음으로 이를 해결하기 위한 방안은 첫째, 연구학교 계획서의 간소화, 둘째, 연구학교 선정 및 평가 기관의 독립성과 전문성 확보, 셋째, 연구학교 주제 선정의 주체가 단위학교가 되도록 함, 넷째, 연구학교 정보의 축적과 공유를 위한 학회 구성, 다섯째, 연구학교 운영을 위한 자율권 보장, 여섯째, 연구자의 연구역량 지원 등으로 제시되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 연구학교 운영을 위한 교원의 현장감 있는 요구를 파악할 수 있다. 나아가 이를 통해 연구학교 운영을 위한 정책 수립의 자료로 참고할 수 있으리라 기대한다.

The purpose of study is to identify that field school teachers recognize the problems and improving ways of research school. Literature review, case study and Focus Group Interview(FGI) are conducted for this study. As the research results, several problems of research school are shown such as environmental matter of research school subject, lack of professional manpower, administrative-oriented evaluation, difficulties of curriculum development, the difficulty of adjusting working hours, administrative and financial support and lack of proper information. The solutions of these problems are provided as follows: ensuring a free external activities for the researcher's study, guarantee of the autonomy of research school, high quality of administrative and financial support, strength of professional support with external staffs, flexible personnel transfer to induce excellent teachers, intensive training of school teachers for research programs. Through the result of study, diverse suggestions are provided as follows. First, realistic needs of field school teachers can be found about the research school. Second, the result of this study can be used making school policies. Third, the difference of teacher's degree and needs between past and present can be identified.