Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 초기 부적응 도식과 문제해결능력이 심리․사회적 문제행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는데 있다. 이에 대구․경북의 중학생 636명을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문제집단과 일반 집단으로 연구대상을 구분하여 일원변량분석 한 결과, 두 가지 문제 집단은 일반 집단에 비해 문제행동, 모든 부적응 도식에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 문제해결능력은 부정적 문제지향, 문제회피 스타일이 일반 집단에 비해 두 문제 집단에서 높게 나타났으며, 충동/부주의 스타일은 일반 집단에 비해 외현화 문제 집단에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 둘째, 청소년의 내재화 문제행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 부적응 도식은 취약성, 외로움/불신/학대, 결함이었으며, 문제해결능력은 부정적 문제지향, 문제회피 스타일로 나타났다. 외현화 문제행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 부적응 도식은 취약성, 융합이었으며, 문제해결능력은 충동/부주의 스타일이 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 취약성 도식에 따라 문제해결능력을 매개변인으로 대입하여 검증해 본 결과, 내재화 문제행동은 부정적 문제지향이, 외현화 문제행동은 충동/부주의 스타일이 유의하게 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 본 연구에서의 시사점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the internalized-externalized problem behaviors in adolescents depending on early maladaptive schemas and problem-solving ability. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 636 students from middle school in Daegu, North Gyeongsang-do, and data were collected through a self‐reporting survey. Results of this study, First. as a result of analysis of variance between internalized-externalized problem group and normal group, each problem group showed a significant difference in internalized -externalized problem behavior, all of the maladaptive schemas compared to normal group. Each problem group showed higher negative problem orientation and higher avoidance coping style out of the problem solving abilities compared to normal group. Externalized problem group showed higher impulsive․careless style compared to normal group. Second, maladaptive schemas that have a significant effect on adolescents’ internalized problem behavior were loneliness, mistrust, abuse, vulnerability, and defectiveness schema. Problem-solving abilities that have a significant effect on adolescents’ internalized problem were negative problem orientation, avoidance coping style. On the other hand, maladaptive schemas that have a significant effect on adolescents’ externalized problem behavior were vulnerability and enmeshment schema. The problem-solving ability was impulsive․careless style. Third, negative problem orientation of problem-solving ability partially mediate between vulnerability schemas and internalized problem behaviors, impulsive․careless style of problem solving ability partially mediate between vulnerability scheams and externalized problem behaviors. In conclusion, limitations and suggestion for future study suggested.

본 연구는 성인학습자의 지역사회참여와 학습자 간 지식공유가 문제해결능력에 미치 는 영향을 분석하였다. 서울·대전·충남의 평생교육기관에서 학습공동체와 평생교육프로 그램에 참여중인 만 20세 이상의 성인학습자 285명을 대상으로 중다회귀분석과 경로분 석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 성인학습자의 지역사회참여는 문제해결능력에 유의한 영향 을 주는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 학습자 간 지식공유에도 유의한 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 학습자 간 지식공유는 성인학습자의 문제해결능력에 유의한 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 지역사회참여와 문제해결능력 사이에서 지식공유의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 성인학습자의 지역사회참여, 지식공유, 문제해결능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안의 마련이 필요성을 알 수 있었다. 연구결과는 평생교육의 이론 적·실천적 함의와 평생교육발전에 많은 시사점을 제공한다.

This study analyzed the impact of adult learners' participation in community and knowledge sharing on problem-solving ability. A study of 285 adult learners aged 20 and over participating in learning communities and lifelong learning programs in lifelong learning institutions in Seoul, Daejeon and Chungnam. As a result, It was found that adult learner 's community participation had a significant effect on problem-solving ability and also had a significant effect on knowledge sharing among learners. Also, it was found that knowledge sharing among learners had a significant influence on problem solving ability of adult learners, and there was significant mediating effect between community participation and problem solving ability. The results of this study shows that it is necessary to plan ways to enhance adult learner's participation in community, knowledge sharing and problem-solving ability. These findings provide implications for the development of lifelong education as a theoretical and practical implication of lifelong education.

Purpose： This study examined the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on problem-solving ability and dysfunctional attitudes in undergraduate students. Method： This study was conducted between September 2004 and May 2005. The subjects consisted of 23 undergraduate students. The experimental group (n=13) participated in a cognitive-behavioral therapy that consist of 8 session over an 8-week period. The control group (n=10) participated in a reality therapy that also consisted of 8 sessions over an 8-week period. Problem-solving ability and dysfunctional attitudes were measured for all subjects before and after therapy. These data were analyzed by unpaired t-test and t-test with the SAS program. Results： Following cognitive-behavioral therapy, the experimental group experienced a significant decrease in score of problem-solving ability and in approach-avoidance style (the subscale in the problem-solving ability). There were no changes in these values after the reality therapy in control group. Conclusions： In light of these results, cognitive-behavioral therapy has a positive effect on problem-solving ability in undergraduate students.

컴퓨터 프로그래밍 교육은 학생들이 컴퓨터를 주체적이고 능동적으로 활용할 수 있도록 한다. 문제해결력 향상에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 수학적 능력, 창의적 사고, 논리적 사고력 등 고등인지 기술을 습득하는 데에도 매우 긍정적인 역할을 하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 정보통신기술교육 운영지침에 따라 개발된 기존 프로그래밍 교육내용과 방법을 MCU 키트 활용 프로그래밍 학습으로 대체하여 학습자의 문제해결력 향상 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 MCU 키트를 활용한 프로그래밍 수업이 기존의 정보생활 교과서를 활용한 수업보다 문제해결력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 문제해결력의 하위요소인 문제인식, 정보수집, 분석, 확산적 사고, 의사결정, 기획력, 실행능력, 평가, 피드백의 모든 요소에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보이고 있어 MCU를 활용한 프로그래밍 수업이 문제해결력 향상에 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다.

Computer programming education gives students a chance to use computers independently and actively. This plays a very positive role in acquiring higher cognitive skills such as mathematical skills and creative logical thinking. Thus the purpose of this study is to measure the degrees of students' problem-solving abilities using MCU programming kits based on the ICT Education Guide. The experiment confirms that programming classes using MCU kits have a more positive effect on the students problem-solving abilities than do those using the existing computer textbooks. The sub-constituents of problem-solving abilities - problem recognition, information gathering, analysis, diffuse thinking, decision-making, planning, execution, evaluation and feedback - also show significant statistical differences. Therefore, we can conclude that programming classes using MCU kits are very effective in advancing problem-solving abilities. KeyWords : MCU, MCU programming, problem-solving ability

본 연구는 피아노 작곡 프로젝트 기반 학습(Project-Based Learning: PBL)이 학습자의 문제해결능력을 매개로 인지된 성취도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분 석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 피아노 작곡 프로젝트 기반 학습에 참여한 학습자를 대상으로 사전–사후 설문 조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 대응표본 t- 검정, 상관관계 분석, 그리고 부트스트랩 기반 매개효과 분석을 통해 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 피아노 작곡 프로젝트 기반 학습은 학습자의 문제해결자신감과 문제 접근 성향을 유의미하게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 문제해결자신감과 접근–회피 스타일은 인지된 성취도와 유의한 정(+)적 상관관계를 보였으며, 학습자 가 문제 상황에 대해 자신감을 가지고 적극적으로 접근할수록 자신의 학습 성과를 긍정적으로 인식하는 경향이 강화됨을 확인하였다. 나아가 매개효과 분석 결과, 문제해결자신감과 접근–회피 스타일은 피아노 작곡 프로젝트 기반 학습과 인지된 성취도 간의 관계에서 모두 유의한 매개 변수로 작용하였다. 이는 프로젝트 기반 작곡 학습이 인지된 성취도를 직접적으로 향상시키는 동시에, 학습자의 문제해결능력을 강화함으로써 간접적으로도 학습 성과 인식에 영향을 미친다는 점을 시사 한다. 이러한 연구 결과는 피아노 작곡 교육에서 프로젝트 기반 학습이 학습자의 인지적 성취뿐 아니라 문제해결 태도와 학습 인식 형성에 효과적인 교수·학습 전 략이 될 수 있음을 보여준다. 본 연구는 예술 교육 맥락에서 문제해결능력을 핵심 역량으로 조명하고, 작곡 프로젝트 기반 학습의 교육적 효과를 실증적으로 검증 하였다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

This study aims to empirically examine the effects of piano composition project-based learning (PBL) on students’ perceived achievement, with problem-solving ability serving as a mediating variable. To this end, pre- and post-survey data were collected from students who participated in piano composition project-based learning, and the data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests, correlation analysis, and bootstrap-based mediation analysis. The results indicated that piano composition project-based learning significantly enhanced students’ problem-solving confidence and their tendency to approach problem situations. In addition, problem-solving confidence and approach–avoidance style showed significant positive correlations with perceived achievement, suggesting that students who possessed greater confidence in their problem-solving abilities and approached problems more actively tended to perceive their learning outcomes more positively. Furthermore, the mediation analysis revealed that both problem-solving confidence and approach–avoidance style functioned as significant mediators in the relationship between piano composition project-based learning and perceived achievement. These findings suggest that project-based composition learning not only directly enhances perceived achievement but also indirectly influences students’ perceptions of learning outcomes by strengthening their problem-solving abilities. Overall, the findings demonstrate that project-based learning in piano composition can serve as an effective instructional strategy for fostering not only students’ cognitive achievement but also their problem-solving attitudes and learning perceptions. This study contributes to the field of arts education by highlighting problem-solving ability as a core competency and by empirically validating the educational effects of project-based composition learning.

본 연구는 장애아동가족의 스트레스가 문제해결능력에 미치는 영향에 대해 가족탄력성의 조절효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 총 546명으로 특수학교에 재학 중인 유치원, 초․중․고등학교의 부모를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 조사대상자의 스트레스, 문제해결능력, 가족탄력성의 특성을 알아보기 위해 기술적 분석과 상관관계, 그리고 조절 효과를 검증하기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애아동가족의 스트레스, 문제해결능력, 가족탄력성 간의 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장애아동가족의 스트레스와 문제해결능력의 관계에서 가족탄력성의 조절효과가 확인되었다. 즉, 가족탄력성의 신념체계와 의사소통과정은 스트레스와 문제해결능력에서 조절효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 가족탄력성이 높을수록 스트레스는 낮아지고 문제해결능력은 높아진다는 것을 의미한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 장애아동가족이 스트레스를 낮추고 문제해결능력을 향상시킬 수 있도록 학교현장 및 지역사회에서는 장애아동가족의 가족탄력성을 높일 수 있는 가족상담 및 부모상담, 가족탄력성 프로그램의 개발 및 지원이 필요하다고 본다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of stress in families of children with disabilities upon a problem-solving ability based on a buffering effect of family resilience through life cycle. To achieve this purpose, the subjects in this study was 546 parents who have kindergarten, elementary, middle & high school students in special schools. The date for this study were derived from questionaries and the answer sheet was analyzed by SPSS(VER. 14). A descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, hierarchical moderating regression analysis were used to investigate the general information and the difference of perception between groups. The findings of this study were as follows: Higher belief system, higher organization type, higher communication process of the family with disabled children tend to appear more positive influences on buffering effects for stresses of family and solving-problem abilities. Findings from the current study demonstrate that the buffering effect of family resilience indicate to have positive influences on the relationship between the stress and the problem-solving ability in the family with disabled children.

본 연구는 AI 작곡 시스템을 활용한 협업 창작 활동이 음악 전공 대학생의 문제해결능력에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이 과정에서 협력적 자기효능감이 매개 역할 을 수행하는지를 실증적으로 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 AI 작곡 시스템을 활용한 협업 창작 수업에 참여한 음악 전공 대학생을 대상으로 사전· 사후 설문조사를 실시하였다. 측정 도구로는 협력적 자기효능감과 문제해결능력 및 그 하위 요인을 사용하였으며, 수집된 자료는 기술통계 분석, 대응표본 t-검정, 회귀분석, 그리고 매개 효과 분석을 통해 검증하였다. 또한 성별, 학년, AI 도구 사용 경험, 팀 규모를 통제 변수로 포함하여 분석의 타당성을 확보하고자 하였다. 연 구 결과, AI 작곡 시스템을 활용한 협업 창작 활동 이후 학습자의 협력적 자기효능감과 문제해결능력은 모두 유의미하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 특히 문제해결능 력의 하위 요인인 문제해결자신감과 접근회피스타일 역시 긍정적인 변화를 보여, 협업 창작 경험이 학습자의 문제 인식 및 해결 태도 전반에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤 음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 협력적 자기효능감은 문제해결능력에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 핵심 요인으로 나타났으며, AI 작곡 시스템을 활용한 협업 창작 경험과 문제해결능력 간의 관계에서 협력적 자기효능감이 매개 역할을 수행하는 것으로 검증되었다. 이러한 결과는 AI 기반 협업 창작 활동이 단순한 기술 활용을 넘어, 학 습자의 협력에 대한 신념과 자신감을 강화함으로써 고차적 문제해결능력 향상으로 이어질 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study aims to empirically examine the effects of collaborative creative activities using an AI composition system on the problem-solving ability of university students majoring in music, and to investigate whether collaborative self-efficacy mediates this relationship. To address this gap, this study conducted pre- and post-survey assessments with music major university students who participated in collaborative composition classes utilizing an AI composition system. Collaborative self-efficacy and problem-solving ability, including its sub-factors, were employed as measurement instruments. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis. Additionally, gender, academic year, prior experience with AI tools, and team size were included as control variables to enhance the validity of the analysis. The results indicated that both collaborative self-efficacy and problem-solving ability significantly improved following the collaborative creative activities using the AI composition system. In particular, the sub-factors of problem-solving ability—problem-solving confidence and approach–avoidance style—also demonstrated positive changes, suggesting that collaborative creative experiences had a beneficial effect on students’ overall problem recognition and problem-solving attitudes. Furthermore, collaborative self-efficacy was identified as a key factor exerting a significant influence on problem-solving ability, and it was confirmed to play a mediating role in the relationship between collaborative creative experiences using an AI composition system and problem-solving ability. These findings suggest that AI-based collaborative creative activities extend beyond simple technological utilization by strengthening learners’ beliefs in collaboration and their confidence, thereby contributing to the enhancement of higher-order problem-solving abilities.

In national and social crises, high-quality nursing education in the undergraduate program is essential to improve the clinical nursing competency and problem-solving ability of nurses who are nursing mediators. The purpose of this study is to develop and apply an online nursing training simulation program for nursing students and test its effectiveness. The study used a quasi-experimental, single group and a pre and posttest design. The program improved the participants' clinical competency and problem-solving ability scores, and it was found that the online nursing training simulation program was an effective intervention for the clinical performance and problem-solving ability of nursing students. The online nursing training simulation program developed in this study enables repeated training while minimizing the burden on learners. In addition, it can be applied without time and space restrictions in a continuous infection situation such as COVID 19. In the future, based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop various online nursing practice contents. In addition it is suggested that long-term follow-up studies will be conducted to verify the persistence of effects through repeated measurements.

고령사회에 접어든 우리나라에서 개인의 은퇴준비 부족은 향후 가계 및 국가 경제에 어려움을 초래할 수 있다. 금융위기 이후 은퇴준비의 중요성이 강조되면서 대부분의 가계에서 은퇴준비의 필요성을 인지하고 있음에도 불구하 고 전반적인 은퇴준비 행동은 아직 미흡한 수준이다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 낙관주의성향이 은퇴준비행동에 미치 는 영향의 방향성이 상반되게 도출되었던 것에 주목하고, 이들 간의 관계를 실증적으로 파악하고자 하였다. 또한 낙관주의성향이 은퇴준비자신감을 매개로 은퇴준비행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지와 낙관주의성향과 은퇴준비행동 간의 관계에서 금융교육의 조절효과가 있는지 밝혀 은퇴준비행동 영향요인을 보다 심층적으로 탐색하고자 하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 낙관주의성향(23.19점/36점), 은퇴준비자신감(19.15점/36 점), 은퇴준비행동(8.71점/18점)은 편차가 매우 크게 나타났다. 낙관주의성향과 은퇴준비에 대한 자신감은 중간 보다 높은 편이지만 은퇴준비에 대한 실천 행동은 중간값에 미치지 못하는 약간 부족한 수준이었다. 둘째, 은퇴 준비행동에는 낙관주의성향과 은퇴준비자신감 그리고 금융교육경험이 영향을 미치는 주요 변수로 나타났다. 셋째, 낙관주의성향과 은퇴준비행동의 관계에서 은퇴준비자신감이 낙관주의성향을 매개하여 은퇴준비행동에 긍정적인 간접효과를 미친다는 사실을 입증하였다. 넷째, 낙관주의성향과 은퇴준비행동의 관계에서 금융교육경험이 조절변 수 역할을 하고 있음을 밝혀, 금융교육경험이 낙관주의성향을 조절하여 은퇴준비행동에 긍정적인 간접효과를 미 친다는 사실을 입증하였다.

In Korea, which has entered an aging society, a lack of individual retirement preparation may cause difficulties for households and the national economy. After the financial crisis, the importance of preparing for retirement has been emphasized, and although most people recognize the need for retirement preparation, households' overall retirement preparation behavior is still insufficient. In addition, we tried to explore the factors affecting retirement preparation behavior in more depth by analyzing how optimism affects retirement preparation behavior through confidence and examining whether financial education has a moderating effect on the relationship between optimism and retirement preparation behavior. The main results are as follows; First, the survey subjects' optimism propensity (23.19/36 points), retirement preparation confidence (19.15/36 points), and retirement preparation behavior (8.71/18 points) showed considerable deviations, and optimism and confidence in retirement preparation were higher than the middle. Second, optimism, confidence in retirement preparation, and financial education experience were the main variables influencing retirement preparation behavior. Third, in the relationship between optimism and retirement preparation behavior, it was proved that confidence mediates optimism and has a positive indirect effect on retirement preparation behavior. Fourth, it was revealed that financial education experience plays a role as a modulating variable in the relationship between optimism and retirement preparation behavior, proving that financial education experience positively affects retirement preparation behavior.

Main purpose of this study is to provide some basic data necessary to research, education, and policy to cultivate professional talents, by investigating what competencies needed to hospital administrative staffs and managers in performing their jobs in the global age. A survey was conducted through self-administered questionnaires for hospital administrative staffs and managers including first-line hands-on workers who were working in 77 hospitals located in Busan, Keongnam, Ulsan areas in South Korea. Major results are as follows: (a) The analysis for the competencies needed to hospital administrative staffs and managers in order to perform successfully their jobs revealed that interpersonal competency, knowledge of management skills in healthcare field, understanding ability for healthcare, in that order of importance, had significant influence on performing their jobs. (b) Regarding the analysis for the detailed competencies necessary to hospital administrative staffs and managers in order to perform successfully their jobs revealed that problem-solving ability, sense of responsibility, positive attitude, leadership, in that order of importance, had significant influence on performing them. This study suggests that universities opened courses related to health care management should newly open a subject 'problem-solving ability in health care' to link with health care field and their curriculums are necessary to change over to practice-oriented curriculum system.

Exploring ways of facilitating the manifestation of creativity through contexts in Korea classes Lim, Song-gyu The present study makes a distinction between the components of creativity and the requisites for the manifestation of creativity, and, as such, interprets them as representing two different entities. The components of creativity refer to categorized capacities that contribute to generating creativity, around which education to promote creativity can be implemented. The requisites for the manifestation of creativity refer to those conditions and environmental elements that provide favorable grounds for potential creativity to be realized or manifested, on which the so-called education for the manifestation of creativity centers. The study focuses on how to help students manifest their own creativity through contexts in Korean classes, exploring ways in which contexts facilitate their creative potential. Because I view diversifying activities in Korean classes, per se, as reflecting Korean linguistic creativity, it is of particular importance that lessons designed to promote creativity should be able to engender learning environments in which students are encouraged to engage in a wide variety of activities in different forms and contexts. In this sense, it appears that contexts have great potential to diversify learning environments so that students can experience various language learning activities in differing contexts, through which they become (more) able to manifest and demonstrate their potential creativity.

Purpose: This study aimed to construct and test the structural relationships between self efficacy and clinical performance among undergraduate nursing students. The model was based on Bandura’s self efficacy theory and a review of previous studies. The hypothesized model included emotional intelligence as a personal factor, self efficacy as self efficacy beliefs, problem solving ability as a skill, and clinical performance as a performance. Methods: Data were collected from June 23 to August 11, 2014 using structured questionnaires. The study sample was 205 senior nursing students. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. Results: The hypothesized model was shown to be x²=183.186 (dF=118), Goodness-of- Fit Index (GFI)=.91, Normed Fit Index (NFI)=.91, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=.96, and Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=.05. Self efficacy (β=.29 p=.033) and problem solving ability (β=.42 p=.007) had a direct effect on the clinical performance. Furthermore, self efficacy had mediating effect on the relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical performance. Conclusion: These findings provide that when developing nursing curriculum and intervention programs, self efficacy and problem solving ability should be considered as key factors facilitating the clinical performance of nursing students. Moreover, consideration should be given to the indirect effects of emotional intelligence subscales on clinical performance via self efficacy and problem solving ability.

본 연구는 간호대학생들의 비판적 사고성향과 자아탄력성, 창의성이 문제해결능력에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 시도되었다. 자료수집기간은 2017년 9월 1일부터 10월 10일까지 자가보고 설문지를 이 용하여 조사하였다. 연구대상자는 G시와 B시에 소재한 3개의 간호학과 대학생 200명이었다. 측정변 수는 비판적 사고성향, 자아탄력성, 창의성, 문제해결능력이었다. 연구결과, 비판적 사고성향, 자아 탄력성과 일반적 특성에서 상황과 환경변화에 대한 적응력은 문제해결능력에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으 며, 문제해결능력에 대한 설명력은 48.2%이었다. 이 변수들 중 비판적 사고성향은 간호학생의 문제 해결능력에 가장 중요한 영향 요인이었다. 따라서 간호학생의 문제해결능력을 향상시키기 위한 중 재 전략으로 비판적 사고성향, 자아탄력성 및 상황과 환경변화에 대한 적응력이 주요 영향 요인으로 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. 또한 본 연구결과에 근거하여 간호대학생들의 문제해결능력 향상을 위 하여 비판적 사고성향, 자아탄력성, 상황과 환경변화에 대한 적응력을 활용한 프로그램의 개발을 제안한다.

The purposes of this study were to identify the factors affecting the nursing students’ problem-solving ability. Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire survey conducted between September 1 to October 10, 2017 from 200 students enrolled in three different nursing colleges in Busan and Yangsan in Korea. The variables such as critical thinking disposition, resilience, creativity and problem-solving ability were measured. Critical thinking disposition, resilience and situational adaptability had significantly positive effects on problem-solving ability (R-squared: 48.2%) and critical thinking disposition was found to be the most significant factor for problem-solving ability among nursing students. The results from this study suggest that critical thinking disposition, resilience and situational adaptability should be considered as the main influential factors when developing intervention strategies to enhance the problem-solving ability of nursing students in Korea.

본 연구의 목적은 컨설턴트선정요인, 컨설팅서비스만족도, 컨설팅서비스재구매의도 간의 관계에 있어서 컨설턴트 의 문제해결능력의 조절효과를 분석하는 것이었다. 컨설팅수진기업에서 컨설팅프로젝트에 참여한 경험이 있는 담당자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 탐색적 요인분석과 구조방정식을 사용하여 연구모형과 가설을 검정하였다. 연구결과 컨설턴트의 문제해결능력의 유의한 조절효과와 연구모형의 적합성이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 컨설턴트의 문제해결능력을 중요한 변인으로 정의 한 것은 컨설턴트의 역량에 관한 연구의 새로운 시도였다. 본 연구가 컨설턴트의 문제해결능력에 관한 다양한 연구를 촉진하고 컨설턴트 스스로에게는 문제해결능력에 대한 재인식을 갖게 하는 계기가 되기를 기대한다. 향후 본 연구의 가장 큰 한계점으로 인식한 컨설턴트의 문제해결능력 측정도구를 개발하고 그 도구를 사용하여 컨설턴트문 제해결능력의 조절된 매개효과 검정을 위한 연구를 수행할 것이다.

The aim of this study was to test the effect of consultant's problem-solving ability on consulting services. A questionnaire was conducted for the staff of companies that were consulted, the research models and hypotheses were tested by structural equation. As a result of this study, the moderating effect of the consultant 's problem-solving ability and the fit of the research model were confirmed. In this study, defining the problem solving ability of the consultant as an major variable was a new attempt on the research of the consultant’s competence. We expect that this study will promote various research on consultant’s problem-solving ability and encourage consultants to re-recognize their problem-solving ability. We will conduct research to develop a a tool for measuring the problem-solving ability of consultants recognized as the limitation of this study.

목적: 본 연구는 헤어살롱 관리자의 코칭리더십이 구성원의 문제해결 능력과 직무성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하여, 직무성과 를 높일 수 있는 방법을 제안하고, 나아가 미용 산업의 경영전략과 인적자원관리에 필요한 자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 방법: 서울, 경기 지역의 헤어살롱 종사자를 대상으로 설문지법을 통해 수집된 자료 378부는 SPSS 22.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신 뢰도분석을 실시하였고, AMOS 21.0을 통해 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 코칭리더십이 문제해결 능력, 직무성과에 부분적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 문제해결 능력이 직무성과에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났다. 따라서 코칭리더십이 직무성과를 높이는 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과에 따른 시사점으로는 첫 째, 업무 평가제를 없애고 역량 개발에 힘써야 하고, 둘째, 구체적인 방향과 비전을 제시해야 하며, 셋째, 관리자와 구성원간의 원활 한 관계를 유지해야 할 것이다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of coaching leadership of hair salon managers on the problem-solving ability and job performance of the salons’ members so as to propose a method to improve job performance. Methods: The data of the 378 questionnaires administered to hair salon workers in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were analyzed by frequency analysis and reliability analysis by employing SPSS 22.0. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis were performed using AMOS 21.0. Results: The results revealed that coaching leadership has a significant effect on problem-solving ability and job performance. Furthermore, problem-solving ability has a significant effect on job performance. Consequently, it can be deduced that coaching leadership is an important factor involved in enhancing job performance. Conclusion: First, the task evaluation system should be eliminated and efforts should be made to develop competencies. Second, specific directions and aims should be provided. Third, a positive relationship between managers and members should be cultivated.

目的: 分析美发经理的执教领导对沙龙成员的问题解决能力和工作绩效的影响，从而提出一种提高工作绩效的 方法。方法: 通过频率分析和可靠性分析，采用SPSS 22.0分析了首尔和京畿地区美发工作者的378份问卷调查 数据。此外，使用AMOS 21.0进行验证性因子分析和结构方程模型分析。结果: 执教领导对解决问题的能力和 工作绩效有显着影响。此外，解决问题的能力对工作绩效有显着影响。因此，可以推断出，执教领导是提高工 作绩效的重要因素。结论: 本研究的意义如下: 首先，应取消任务评估系统，并努力发展能力。其次，应提供具 体的方向和目标。第三，应培养管理者与成员之间的积极关系。

최근 청소년 분노 및 분노와 관련된 문제행동에 관한 연구들이 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만 분노표현 방식 에 대한 이해나 청소년 분노와 분노표현 관계에서 매개효과에 대한 연구는 거의 부재하다. 본 연구는 청소년의 분노, 문제해결능력, 분노표현유형(분노억제, 분노표출, 분노통제)과의 관계를 증명하고 이 관계에서 문제해결능력의 매개효 과를 검증하고자 한다. 연구분석을 위해 총 596명(남학생 283명, 여학생 313명)의 청소년설문이 활용되었다. 연구결과 분노는 3가지 분노유형 모두와 유의미한 관계가 있음이 증명되었다. 분노가 높을수록 분노억제와 분노표출이 증가하였 으나, 분노통제는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 분노와 분노표현유형과의 관계에서 문제해결의 매개효과 검증결과, 분노 와 분노통제 관계에서만 문제해결의 매개효과가 증명되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 제언과 연구한계 등을 논의 하였다.

Recent studies have investigated anger or anger-related problems in adolescents from various perspectives. However, understanding of anger expression types or the role of mediating variables in relation to anger and anger expressions have been disregarded. The purpose of this research was to understand the relationships between adolescents’ anger, problem solving ability, and three types of anger expressions (anger-in, anger-out, anger-control) and to focus on the mediator function of problem-solving ability. Participants comprised 596 adolescents (283 males and 313 females). Anger was significantly related to all three types of anger expressions. Adolescents who showed high anger levels tended to indicate high anger-in and anger-out expressions but low anger-control expression, while controlling for age and gender. The findings also provided evidence for the mediator role of problem-solving ability on the relationship between anger and anger-control expression. From the results of this study suggestions and limitations were also discussed.

목적: 본 연구는 에스테틱 기기 관리 수업에서 사례 기반 학습(Case-Based Learning, CBL)을 경험한 학습자의 메타인지와 창의 적 문제해결력 간 관련성을 분석하고, 성찰 기록을 통해 실무 역량 형성 과정을 탐색하고자 하였다. 방법: 혼합 연구로 설계하여, 양 적 연구에서는 메타인지와 창의적 문제 해결력 하위 요인 간 상관관계를 검증하였고, 질적 분석에서는 성찰 기록에 대한 주제 분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 메타인지의 계획·조절과 모니터링은 창의적 문제 해결력과 유의한 정적 상관을 보였으나, 평가는 유의하지 않았다. 질적 분석에서는 ‘피부반응 기반 미세조절’과 ‘피부관리 장비 적용 숙련’이 핵심 주제로 도출되었으며, 실습 과정에서 전략을 즉각 수정하는 행위 중 성찰이 수행의 질에 중요한 역할을 함을 확인되었다. 결론: 에스테틱 실무 교육에서 메타인지는 실시간 상황 판단과 전략 조정을 가능하게 하는 성찰적 실천 과정으로 작동하며, 향후에는 비구조화된 사례 상황을 반영한 성찰 기반 수업 설계가 요구된다.

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between metacognition and creative problem-solving ability among learners engaged in case-based learning in an esthetic device management course. Additionally, it explores how practical competency processes develop through analysis of learners’ reflective records. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative analysis assessed the correlations between metacognition and creative problem-solving ability, whereas the qualitative process used thematic analysis of learners’ reflective records. Results: The planning–regulation and monitoring components of metacognition was positively associated with creative problem-solving ability, whereas the evaluation component was not. The qualitative analysis identified two core themes: skin reaction–based micro-adjustment and proficiency in the application of skincare devices. These indicate that reflection-in-action, characterized by immediate strategy modification during practice, plays a critical role in enhancing the quality of task performance. Conclusion: In esthetic education, metacognition functions as a reflective practice that enables real-time situational judgment and strategic adjustment. These findings suggest the need to strengthen reflection-based instructional designs that incorporate ill-structured case situations in future curricula.

目的: 探讨在美学设备管理课程中，采用案例式学习方法的学习者元认知与创造性问题解决能力之间的关系。此 外，本研究还通过分析学习者的反思记录，探索其实践能力的发展过程。方法: 本研究采用混合方法设计，整合 了定量和定性方法。定量分析评估了元认知与创造性问题解决能力之间的相关性，而定性分析则采用主题分析 法分析学习者的反思记录。结果: 元认知中的计划-调节和监控成分与创造性问题解决能力呈正相关，而评估成 分则不然。定性分析确定了两个核心主题：基于皮肤反应的微调和护肤设备应用的熟练程度。这些结果表明， 以实践过程中即时调整策略为特征的行动中反思，在提升任务表现质量方面发挥着关键作用。结论: 在美学教育 中，元认知作为一种反思性实践，能够帮助学生进行实时情境判断和策略调整。这些发现表明，未来的课程需 要加强以反思为基础的教学设计，并纳入非结构化案例情境。

It is essential for Airline Service Department to educate students and give a guide line to its students enough to develop their own career in the airline service field. Recognizing the importance of Self-Leadership, Problem Solving Ability in order to enforce Career Preparation Behavior of students, this study planes to examine the relationship among Self-leadership, Problem Solving Ability, and Career Preparation Behavior. For the sake of enhancing Career Preparation Behavior, this study undertook a theoretical approach followed by a statistical analysis. The self-Communication method was adopted to collect the data during January in 2020. The valid survey of 320 students majoring in Airline Service was selected and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 program. The results of findings were as follows: First, both Behavior-focused strategies and Constructive thought pattern strategies of Self-leadership shows significant effects on Problem Solving Ability. Secondly, only Natural reward strategies of Self-Leadership shows a significant effects on Career Preparation Behavior. Thirdly, Problem Solving Ability doesn't show any direct effects on Career Preparation Behavior. However, Problem Solving Ability plays mediation effects between Self-Leadership and Career Preparation Behavior. It is required to adapt appropriate tools such as their self-leadership program, problem solving activities and consulting activities in order to enhance Career Preparation Behavior.