Earticle

소매유통산업에서 고객충성도의 중요성이 증가함에도 불구하고 이에 대한 이해는 부족한 실정이다. 기존연구들은 고객만족이 고객충성도 및 고객유지에 영향을 준다는 것을 밝히고 있지만 전환비용 또는 전환장벽 등과 같은 다른 요인들도 고객충성도에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 많은 연구들은 충성도에 내포된 심리적 측면을 간과한 채 고객의 행위적 속성들과 고객충성도간의 관계분석을 시도하고 있다. 고객충성도는 사회경제학적 또는 지리적 변수들에 의해 설명될 수 있는 것 이상의 복합적 개념이다. 따라서 고객의 반복구매행동에 내포된 심리적 측면을 포괄하는 개념모델의 개발이 고객충성도의 이해를 위해 필요하다. 제품충성도에 관해서는 비교적 많은 연구가 있지만, 점포충성도에 관한 연구는 상대적으로 부족하다. 비록 제품충성도와 점포충성도는 상호 밀접성이 높은 개념들이지만 상이한 속성들이 존재함으로써 충성도 선행요인들은 서로 다를 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 점포만족과 전환비용을 점포충성도의 핵심적 결정요인으로 설정하고 각 선행요인들 및 점포충성도와의 이론적 관계를 살펴보기 위하여 일련의 가설을 도출하였다. 도출된 가설은 경로분석에 의하여 실증적으로 검증하였으며, 연구결과 점포충성도는 점포만족과 전환비용에 의해 유의적인 영향을 받고 있으며 이러한 결정변수들은 주요 선행변수들과 유의적 영향관계를 가지는 것으로 분석되었다.

Despite growing perceived significance of customer loyalty among retailers, its current understanding seems rather limited. Previous studies rely on customer satisfaction as the main factor of customer loyalty and retention, while there are evidences of other significant factors. Switching costs or switching barriers are suggested as one of such factors. Many studies try to relate factual attributes of customers to loyalty without paying attention to psychological basis behind loyalty. Customer loyalty is a more complex behavioral concept than what can be explained or predicted by socioeconomic and geographic variables. A more comprehensive conceptual model addressing fundamental psychological aspects of repeated buying tendency of consumers needs to be devised and validated for understanding of consumer loyalty. There exists abundant literature on brand loyalty, but relatively few studies on store loyalty are available. Even though both brand loyalty and store loyalty are closely related, they are of different objects and thus their key antecedents do not necessarily agree. This study addresses how two key mediating variables—store satisfaction and switching costs—as influenced by their antecedents enhance store loyalty. The hypothesized relationships are empirically tested by path analysis, and the results confirm that store loyalty is positively influenced by the key mediating variables and the antecedents are related to the mediating variables. Especially, our research clarifies the impact of switching costs on the consumer store loyalty.

본 연구에서는 Miller, Sendrowitz, Connacher, Blanco, Miniz de la Pena, Bernardi, 그리고 Morere (2009)가 개발한 사회정의 관심 및 실천 모델(A model of social justice interest and commitment)을 적 용하여 한국 20대 소비자의 사회 책임적 소비행동의 실천 경로를 분석하였다. 즉 사회 책임적 소비에 대한 자기 효능감과 결과기대가 사회 책임적 소비에 대한 관심에 영향을 주고, 사회 책임적 소비에 대한 관심은 사회 책임 적 소비실천에 영향을 줄 것이라는 가설을 검증하였다. 보다 구체적으로 우선 사회정의 관심 및 실천 모델이 사 회 책임적 소비행동을 설명하는데 적합한지 검증한 후 사회적 지지와 장애가 직접적으로 실천에 영향을 미친다는 직접효과 모델과 두 변인이 자기효능감을 매개로 실천에 영향을 미친다는 간접효과 모델을 설정하여 검증하였다. 마지막으로 보다 적합한 모델로 제안된 간접효과모델의 효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 서울 및 수도권에 거주하 는 20대 소비자 551명을 대상으로 2014년 8월 20일부터 8월 28일까지 온라인 서베이를 실시하였다. 본 연구 의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회정의 관심과 실천을 설명한 Miller 등의 모델은 사회 책임적 소비행동을 설명하는데 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 즉 자기효능감, 결과기대, 관심, 실천 등 사회정의관심 및 실천 모델의 핵심 적인 변인들이 사회책임적 소비행동 영역에도 유용하게 적용되었다. 둘째, 맥락적 변인인 사회적 지지와 장애가 사회 책임적 소비 실천에 직접적으로 영향을 미친다는 직접효과 모델과 두 변인이 자기효능감을 매개로 실천에 간접적으로 영향을 미친다는 간접효과 모델을 검증하여 두 모델의 적합도를 비교하였고, 그 결과 간접모델이 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 간접효과 모델의 경로를 분석한 결과 자기효능감이 실천에 미치는 영향을 제외하 고 모두 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 지지와 사회적 장애 모두 자기 효능감에 정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 자 기 효능감은 결과 기대에, 자기 효능감과 결과 기대 모두 관심에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 실천에 대한 영향에서는 결과 기대, 관심, 사회적 지지가 정적인 영향을, 사회적 장애가 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 자기 효능감은 직접 적으로 관심에 영향을 주거나 결과 기대를 통해 간접적으로 관심에 영향을 주고, 사회 책임적 소비에 대한 관심 은 실천에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 맥락적 요인인 사회적 지지와 사회적 장애는 직접적으로 그리고 간접적으로 모두 실천에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

In this study, we were interested in elucidating the psychological process associated with 20s consumers’ interest in and commitment to socially responsible consumption behavior. On the basis of social-cognitive theory, we identified social justice interest and commitment model as a plausible conceptual framework for understanding the development of socially responsible consumption behavior. This framework includes socially responsible consumption-related selfefficacy, outcome expectations, interests, commitment, and social supports and barriers. At first, it was analysed whether or not social justice interest and commitment model is satisfied with the goodness of fit to socially responsible consumption domain by Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). Secondly, it was compared direct effect model which were supposed social support and barriers affect socially responsible consumption behavior to indirect effect model which were estimated the effects of social supports and barriers indirectly through self-efficacy. Lastly, we examined the more appropriate model’s path coefficient. The data came from 551 consumers between 20 and 29 living in Seoul Metropolitan area. Key findings of the study were (a) it supported the use of social justice interest and commitment model within the socially responsible consumption domain. (b) it supported the indirect effects model of socially responsible consumption over the direct effect model. (c) Social supports and barriers as contextual factors were shown to influence self-efficacy and commitment both directly and indirectly. Self-efficacy was shown to influences outcome expectation, and self-efficacy and outcome expectation were shown to influence socially responsible consumption interest.

The occupational injury and illness(OII) was influenced by the various factors. This study was planned to investigate the pathway of the activities of OSHM on the rate of OII via worker's participation. The survey on the trend of the activities of OSHM was used. The sample size of manufacturing industry was 3,000 enterprises and that of construction was 1,000 enterprises. The survey was done by interview method with structure questionnaire. Questions about the activities of OHSM were integrated into one category using factor analysis. The enterprises with OII has more activities of OSHM than that without OII. Among enterprises with OII, the level of the activities of OSHM was positively correlated with the rate of OII. The activities of OSHM has influenced on the rate of OII directly and indirectly via worker's participation and the activities of prevention of accident. Worker's participation also has the direct effect and indirect effect on the rate of OII. Worker's participation in construction sector has more effect on OII than that in manufacturing sector.

이 연구는 군인의 여가활동 유형에 따른 군대생활만족도를 경로분석 모형을 통하여 분석하였다. 조사대상은 경기도 북부, 남부지역의 두 부대에서 군 생활을 하고 있는 장병들을 대상으로 2011년 9월부터 8주 동안 해당부대를 직접 방문하여 설문 실시하였으며, 856부의 설문지를 회수하여 분석에 사용하였다. 연구 결과 군인들의 생활만족도에는 신체증상, 우울, 사회적 지지가 유의하게 영향을 미치는 관련요인으로 밝혀졌으 며, 본 연구를 토대로 군은 군인의 신체증상과 우울을 완화시키고 사회적 지지 체계의 구축에 효과적인 여가활동을 통해 군인들의 생활만족도를 향상시킬 수 있도록 제도적인 뒷받침이 있어야 할 것이다.

This study has been conducted on soldiers' leisure activities and their military life satisfaction using path analysis. The survey for the research had been done with military personnel serving at two units, located in north Gyeonggi province and south Gyeonggi province, using 856 questionaires for eight weeks beginning september, 2011. The results showed that military life contentment was found to be influenced significantly by the factors such as physical symtoms, depression, and social support. with this results, the hope is that they could enhance military life satisfaction by developing and introducing various leisure programs which could help relieve depression, physical symtoms, and build social support among soldiers.

Various communities of the real world are realized in the virtual space through the increasing diffusion rate of the internet and rapid increase of its users from the acceleration of informationization. The strength of the virtual communities as a social network has its growing influence on the whole areas of our society such as knowledge sharing and knowledge creation as well as politics, economy and culture. Because of competition between the online community service providers, users can choose suitable service for their needs. It's easy for users to make online communities and it's also easy to join and secede, therefore many communities are being created at the same time closed or remained without update. In other words, the online use of information on the internet occurs with variety of forms. This study analyzes the use of information on the internet concentrating on the proper function and the reverse function of information in production, distribution and consumption of information. The study tries to focus on information distribution process through the variety of recent examples that appears in the internet communities. The goal of the study is to forecast social change by showing how the information diffusion and 􀂦the distribution channel are changing in the new internet environment. The process of information production and distribution process are measured according to each area, and path analysis is applied to the diffusion of internet information.

농업기계 제조업은 생산 측면에서는 기계 산업의 특성을 갖는 동시에 소비적 측면에서는 농 업의 영향을 받는 산업으로써 농업과 공업 두 가지 산업의 동시 발전을 전제로 성장하는 산업 이다. 이러한 농업기계 산업에서 제조기업은 혁신 활동을 통하여 혁신효과를 높이고 기업 규모 를 키우려고 하고 있다. 기업의 혁신 활동이 혁신효과에 긍정적인 역할이 있음을 검증한 연구는 많이 되고 있으나 혁신 활동과 혁신효과 간의 경로들이 실제로 존재하는지를 규명하는 연구로 혁신을 촉진하거나 지체시키는 요인 파악에 관한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 혁 신성과를 매개로 혁신효과에 영향을 미치는 경로 분석하여 직접 또는 간접 매개효과를 검증하 고자 한다. 농업기계 제조업의 혁신 활동부터 혁신효과를 포괄하는 기업혁신의 모형 설정과 이 들 간의 경로 존재 여부를 규명하였다. 연구모형과 분석 방법으로 기업혁신 활동과 혁신효과 간 의 직접 및 간접적인 관계를 인과적인 경로 분석으로 검증하였다. 분석 결과 혁신활동이 증가하 면 혁신성과가 향상되고, 혁신성과는 기업의 혁신효과를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 혁신활동이 혁신효과에 미치는 영향은 혁신성과로부터의 매개효과보다는 적게 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 농업기계 제조 기업의 혁신활동, 혁신성과, 혁신효과를 통합적으로 정의하여 분석함으로써 이들 간의 인과관계가 존재하는 것은 혁신 활동과 성과 간 상호 작용하여 매개효과가 있음을 알고 혁신 활동을 높이면 기업의 혁신효과가 향상될 수 있다는 것으로 기대된다.

Agricultural machinery manufacturing is an industry that has characteristics of the machinery industry in terms of production and is affected by agriculture in terms of consumption. In this agricultural machinery industry, manufacturing companies are trying to increase the innovation effect and increase the company size through innovation activities. There are many studies verifying that corporate innovation activities have a positive role in the innovation effect, but research on identifying factors that promote or delay innovation is insufficient as it is a study that examines whether pathways between innovation activities and innovation effects actually exist. am. Therefore, this study intends to verify the direct or indirect mediating effect by analyzing the pathways that influence the innovation effect through the innovation performance. A corporate innovation model was established that encompasses innovation effects from innovation activities in the agricultural machinery manufacturing industry, and it was investigated whether the paths between them actually exist. With the research model and analysis method, the direct and indirect relationship between corporate innovation activity and innovation effect was verified by causal path analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that when innovation activity increases, innovation performance improves, and innovation performance increases the innovation effect of a company. It was confirmed that the effect of innovation activity on the innovation effect was smaller than the mediation effect from the innovation performance. By defining and analyzing the innovation activity, innovation performance, and innovation effect of an agricultural machine manufacturing company in an integrated way, the existence of a causal relationship between them has a mediating effect through interaction between innovation activity and performance. is expected to be improved.

본 연구의 목적은 인적자원개발이 기업 혁신을 위한 요소인 조직변화라는 매개 효과 를 토대로 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 연구목적 달성을 위해, 인적 자본기업패널(HCCP: Human Capital Corporate Panel) 397개 기업을 대상으로, AMOS 22와 SPSS 프로그램을 활용하여 경로분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 인적자원개발은 기 업의 성과에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 인적자원개발은 조 직변화에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 조직변화는 인적자원개발과 기업성과 간에 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 인적자원개발 이 기업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것은 일반적인 연구결과로 해석할 수 있다. 그런 데, 기업혁신의 한 요소인 조직변화라는 영향요인을 통해 기업성과가 확대될 수 있으므 로, 기업에서는 인적자원개발 관련 제도 구축과 운영 외에도 조직변화를 통해 기업혁신 과 성과창출을 동시에 확산할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among human resource development, corporate performance, and organizational change, which are the key factors for corporate innovation. To achieve research purposes, we conducted the path analysis for 397 companies, using the human capital corporate panel (HCCP), AMOS 22, and SPSS 21.0 programs. As a result of the analysis, it was found that human resource development had a positive effect on the corporate performance. In addition, human resource development had a positive effect on organizational change, and organizational change mediated the relationship between human resource development and corporate performance. The positive impact of human resource development on corporate performance can be interpreted as the same as previous studies. In addition, corporate performance can be expanded through the influence factor of organizational change, which was a component of corporate innovation, companies can simultaneously impact corporate innovation and performance creation through organizational changes in conjunction with establishing systems.

The purpose of this study is to investigate paths of the effects of L2 motivational self system and self-efficacy on Korean EFL learners’ English ability. For this purpose, questionnaires were conducted and 580 Korean elementary school students in Gyeonggido participated in this survey. Correlation and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The major results of the study are as follows: (1) Self-efficacy is correlated with all constructs of motivation. It has the highest correlation with ideal L2 self and the lowest correlation with ought-to L2 self; (2) self-efficacy has a direct effect on ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self whereas it has direct and indirect effects on elementary students’ English proficiency; and (3) ought-to L2 self has a positive direct effect and L2 learning experience has a negative direct effect on elementary students’ English proficiency. However, ideal L2 self has no effect on elementary students’ English proficiency. At the end of the paper, pedagogical implications and suggestions are discussed.

이 연구는 최근 심각한 청소년 문제가 되고 있는 사이버 공간에서의 괴롭힘인 사이버불링에 대하여 청소년이 일상생활에서 경험하는 긴장과 온라인 공간에 의존하는 인터넷 의존도가 사이버불링에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 긴장이 청소년의 일반적인 비행의 원인으로 제시된 선행연구의 결과를 토대로 이러한 긴장과 인터넷 의존도가 사이버불링에도 적용할 수 있는가에 대한 검증을 통하여 세부적인 정책적 대안을 제시하는데 궁긍적 목적이 있다. 이 연구에서는 일반긴장이론과 기회이론을 바탕으로 이러한 이론이 사이버불링에도 적용될 수 있는지 분석하였다. 이를 위해 일상생활의 긴장으로 가족요인, 학교생활요인, 학교폭력 피해요인을 설정하였으며, 매개요인으로 인터넷 의존도를 설정하였다. 이러한 모형에 따라 사이버불링 예측변인을 검증한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년은 가족으로부터의 긴장과 학교폭력 피해로부터 긴장을 경험하는 빈도가 높을수록 사이버불링 가해행동을 할 가능성이 높아진다. 둘째, 매개변인으로 사용된 인터넷 의존도가 사이버불링 가해행동에 직접적으로 미치는 영향을 살펴보면 인터넷 의존도가 높을수록 사이버불링 가해행동의 가능성도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이 연구가 가지는 의의를 살펴보면, 이 연구에서는 아직 검증이 이루어지지 않은 사이버불링에 대해 기존의 이론이 적용 가능하다는 결과를 제시함으로써 기존의 학교폭력 예방교육과 정책에 사이버불링의 예방교육을 접목시킬 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다.

Cyber-bullying has become a serious issue among the juvenile along with traditional bullying. Given this situation, this study aims to provide political implication on cyber-bullying prevention through quantitative research based on traditional theories, which originally were to explain traditional bullying. The variables of this study have grounds on general strain theory and opportunity theory. Family, school life, and cyber bullying variables were adopted to explain juvenile's strain from their routine activity, and dependency on the Internet was set as a mediating variable. The model of this study examines how strain from juvenile's routine activity and their dependency on the Internet affects cyber-bullying involvement. Outcomes of the study are as followings. First, how often they experience strain from family or traditional bullying affects their involvement on cyber-bullying. Second, dependency on the Internet, the mediating variable, shows that it positively affects cyber-bullying. It implies that the theories which were to explain traditional bullying can be applied to explain cyber-bullying as well. Thus, it suggest possibility that grafting new efforts onto current policy and program can be a measure to prevent cyber-bullying.

치안서비스에 대한 수요는 지속적으로 증대되고 있으며 경찰의 치안활동은 과거의 소극적인 규제 행정에서 범죄예방과 서비스 제공에 초점을 맞춘 적극적인 범죄예방활동으로 변해왔다. 따라서 제한된 자원을 활용하여 경찰조직을 더 효율적으로 운영하는 것을 경찰조직이 가진 목표달성을 위해서 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이를 위해 구성원들이 직무에 만족하고 조직목표와 자신의 목표를 동일시하는 적극적인 태도를 가질 수 있도록 만드는 관리방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 이러 한 취지에서 본 연구는 경찰관들의 직무만족과 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 실증적으로 분석하고 정책적 시사점을 제공하고자하는 목적에서 수행되었다. 분석을 위해 2012년 하반기 전국의 249개 경찰서에서 근무하는 경찰관 31,851명으로부터 수집한 ‘ 경찰관 직무만족도 설문조사’ 자료를 활용하였다. 분석결과, 경찰관들은 후생복리에 대한 만족감 을 가장 낮게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적인 만족도 수준도 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 반면, 조직몰입은 비교적 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 경로분석 결과 인사․성과, 근무환경, 후 생복리, 의사소통 요인들을 모두 전반적인 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 주며, 조직몰입에도 모두 유 의한 간접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 토대로 직무만족과 조직몰입을 높일 수 있는 방안에 대한 정책적 시사점에 대하여 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study is to empirically test the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction factors in police organization. A self-report survey was conducted and a total of 31,851 questionnaires from 249 police stations were used in analysis. Based on the literature review, four factors - human resources affairs satisfaction, work environment satisfaction, benefits satisfaction, communication satisfaction - are selected as impacting factors to overall job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In the relationship between independent causal factors and organizational commitment, overall job satisfaction is selected as a mediating variable. Path analysis is used to test hypotheses. The results and policy implications of this study are following. All the independent variables show significant direct impact on overall job satisfaction and significant indirect impact on organizational commitment. Among these variables, communication satisfaction is considered as one of the most influential factors by police officers. Results suggest that placing emphasis on communication between the members can improve job satisfaction level of police officers, which in turn, leads to improve organizational commitment as well.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of participation satisfaction and life satisfaction on the participation motivation and continuous participation of sports program. To achieve this objective of the study, 263 members who joined the sports program over 2 years were collected as subjects, The path analysis was used to examine the suitability of the path model and to presume relative influence between variables and the following is the result. First, sub-factor(internal, external, motivation) of participation motivation had a positive effect in the sub-factor(physical, social, environmental factor). And also, sub-factor(environmental, physical factor) of participation satisfaction had a static effect in the program participation satisfaction.

본 연구는 고객중요성이 자본시장반응에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 감 사품질을 통해 간접적으로도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 알아보기 위함이다. 또한 효 과적인 기업소유구조는 소유와 경영의 분리로 발생하는 대리인문제를 완화하여 자 본시장의 효율성과 기업가치를 제고하며, 감사품질에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 함 께 다루어볼 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 고객중요성과 기업소유구조가 감사품질 및 시장반응에 영향을 미치는지의 순차적 관련성을 검증하기 위하여 경로분석을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고객중요성이 감사품질 에 대체로 양의 결과가 나타나 감사품질을 향상시킴을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 기업소 유구조가 감사품질에 미치는 영향은 대주주지분율이 높을수록 높은 감사품질을 선 호하는 것으로 나타나지 않았고 외국인지분율의 경우는 유의성을 확인할 수 없었 다. 셋째, 매개변수인 감사품질이 높을 경우 일부 변수에서 투자자들이 긍정적으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 고객중요성과 기업소유구조변수가 부분적으로 기 업가치에 직접적 또는 간접적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 고객중요성 및 기업소 유구조는 일부 변수에서 감사품질이 향상되고, 향상된 감사품질정보를 인지한 투 자자는 자본시장에서도 긍정적인 신호로 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 다루었던 비감사서비스의 제공과 감사품질, 기업지배구조와 감사품 질 등의 개별적 관련성의 분석을 확장하여, 감사인독립성의 주요 요인인 고객중요 성, 기업소유구조가 감사품질에 영향을 미치고, 감사품질은 시장반응에 영향을 미 친다는 순차적 관련성의 분석을 통해 이들 변수간의 관련성을 구조적으로 동시에 검증함으로써 직접적인 효과뿐만 아니라 간접적인 효과까지를 실증적으로 제시하 였다는데 의의가 있다. 특히, 감사품질의 관련성에 대한 연구결과가 일관적이지 않 은 시점에서 가능한 정교한 방법론을 위하여 경로분석모형을 시도하여 기존의 주 장들을 재검토할 수 있는 정책적 시사점을 제시한다고 판단된다.

The study examines the effects that non-audit service and firm's ownership structure might have on the value relevance directly or indirectly. This investigation is based on prior research which suggests that the audit firms' non-audit services is likely to adversely affect investors’ perceptions of the credibility of financial reporting and that corporate governance are likely to mitigate the adverse this kind of non-audit services effects. The sample consists of non-banking firms listed on the Korea Exchange that reported annual financial statements over the period from 2004 to 2008. In the setting, stock returns as proxy for capital market response, auditor quality(measured as the discretionary accruals) is endogenously determined. This study employs a structural equation model to take into account the endogenous variables under study. The analysis influences through the path analysis that ownership structure suppress the market response through audit quality and also the non-audit service have influence on the market response through audit quality. The results of this study contribute to the literature in the following ways. First, this provides direct evidence that there is a negative association between audit firms' client importance and the value relevance. Second, the findings that the negative association is attenuated for audit quality support the findings of prior studies which present that corporate governance provide higher credibility of financial reports.

이 연구는 주부의 성격유형과 가정자원에 따라 스트레스를 받는 수준과 이를 대처하는 방식이 어떻게 다르며, 결과적으로 주부의 가정 내 의사소통 방식에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 기혼여성을 대상으로 MBTI 성격검사 및 스트레스, 가정 커뮤니케이션 양식을 측정하는 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 성격유형의 차이에 따라서 주부가 스트레스를 받는 수준에는 유의미한 차이가 존재하지 않았지만 스트레스를 대처하는 방식에서는 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다. 감정형 선호경향이 강한 주부가 스트레스에 적극적으로 대처하고 있었으며, 외향적인 선호경향이 강한 주부일수록 자녀, 남편, 시댁과 긍정적 의사소통 방식을 많이 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 가정 내 의사소통을 설명하는 다양한 변인 간의 관계를 경로분석한 결과, 주부의 의사소통은 대상에 따라서 영향변인들이 다르다는 것이 발견되었다. 자녀와 시댁과의 의사소통에서는 주부의 스트레스 정도가 부정적인 영향을 미치는 요인인 반면, 남편과의 의사소통에서는 유의미한 변인이 아니었다. 남편과의 의사소통에는 스트레스보다 주부의 성격이나 학력, 취업여부, 결혼기간 등 주부의 개인적인 요인들이 중요한 것으로 나타나고 있었다. 자녀 수는 자녀와의 의사소통에 직접적인 영향을 미치지만, 동시에 스트레스 수준을 매개로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 요인이었다. 주부의 취업 여부는 남편과 시댁과의 의사소통에서 중요한 변인으로 나타났다. 즉 직업을 가진 주부일수록 남편 및 시댁과의 의사소통에서 부정적인 정도가 높았다. 종합적으로 주부들이 받는 스트레스는 자신들이 통제할 수 없거나 어려운 요인들과 깊은 관계가 있으며, 스트레스에 대한 소극적 대처는 가정 내 의사소통에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables which had an effect on the effective family communications based on the relationship between housewives’ personality types and the intensity of their stress. A questionnaire including the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test and family communication styles was carried out on one hundred married women. The results showed that there were significant differences on the ways to cope with stresses according to personality types. Housewives who depended on the feelings for judgement were coping with stresses more actively. Extrovert housewives favored more positive family communication styles compared with the introvert housewives. The results of path analysis on the variables influencing the family communication styles revealed that housewives’ stress level had a negative impact on their communications with children and husbands’ family members. In contrast, housewives’ individualistic variables such as personality types, education level, employment, period of marriage were important factors in the communications with their husbands. The number of children were also important variables in explaining the positive family communication styles. The housewives who had a job were experiencing more negative communications with their husbands and husbands’ family members. In conclusion, this study showed that housewives’ stresses were coming from the factors which were difficult to control with, and their passive resistance to the stresses tended to amplify the negative impacts on the family communications.

Social capital can be approached variously according to academic fields and authors. But its core conceptual components can be summarized as trust, participation, networks, institution, and altruism. In this context, this study aims at drawing up the inter-corelation patterns of such conceptual components of social capital by analyzing path function among social capital, trust, participation, networks, institution and altruism. 3,382 people living in Cheong city were surveyed about their attitudes and behaviour about conceptual components of social capital. The results can be summarized as followings. Social capital can be explained by those interactions among trust, participation, networks, institution and altruism. Especially social capital is strongly inter-related with the degree of civic engagement in public interest. Networks among people also promote civic engagement in public policy. It hints that local governments should provide their people with various community activity programme in order to accumulate social capital.

PURPOSE: This study examined women's attitudes toward the use of physical therapy in the treatment process after breast cancer surgery and the degree of interest in this application. Path analysis was conducted to discover the approaches to improve awareness of the necessity of physical therapy intervention after breast cancer surgery. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey of 230 women aged 20 years and over with no history of breast cancer. The measurement tool used in this study was a structured questionnaire, composed of 17 items in five fields: five items on the demographic characteristics, four items related to health checkups, four items involving the viewpoints on breast cancer, one item related to the interest in breast cancer, and four items related to physical therapy after surgery. RESULTS: Women's attitudes toward regular health checkups were major factors in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. In addition, those with higher levels of interest in breast cancer showed stronger interest in using physical therapy after breast cancer surgery. CONCLUSION: Women believe that breast cancer can be prevented through the health checkups implemented by the government. Therefore, there is a need to utilize public relations to promote methods for the self-diagnosis of breast cancer in the health checkup system and the use of physical therapy after breast cancer surgery.

Purpose: A career refers to all the work-related activities and experiences that occur throughout anindividual's life. As healthcare technology advances, jobs become more diverse, making nursing students'careers increasingly important. However, little is known about the career decision-making processof nursing students. To address this, we investigated how nursing students decide about theircareers. This study aimed to conduct a path analysis of career decisions among nursing students basedon the social cognitive model of career self-management. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It recruited junior and senior nursing studentsfrom 18 universities in a metropolitan area of South Korea. In total, 439 nursing students participated inthe study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire between May 15 and June 5, 2023. Thedata were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. Results: The hypothesized model showed acceptable model fit indices. The path analysis showed thatcareer decision-making self-efficacy (β = 0.52, p < .001), career outcome expectation (β = 0.11, p = .041),and nursing competence (β = 0.11, p = .046) directly impacted career decisions. Furthermore, nursingcompetence (β = 0.29, p < .001), satisfaction with the nursing major (β = 0.13, p < .001), and the learningenvironment (β = 0.12, p < .001) indirectly influenced career decisions through the mediation of careerdecision-making self-efficacy and career outcome expectation. Conclusion: Career decision-making self-efficacy and nursing competence are crucial factors in nursingstudents' career decisions. The proposed model provides a foundation for developing strategies toenhance nursing students’ career decision-making. Nursing educators and institutions can use thismodel to design and implement a tailored career education curriculum that empowers nursing studentsto manage and advance their careers effectively.

Purpose: This study aims to construct and verify a path model for the factors affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in community-dwelling vulnerable older adults with chronic diseases in Korea. Methods: The sample included 195 community-dwelling vulnerable adults aged 65 years and above with chronic diseases in Korea. Structured questionnaires were collected from April to June 2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 28.0 programs. Results: The hypothesized path model significantly explained HRQoL in community-dwelling vulnerable older adults with chronic diseases, with a high explanatory power (48.0%). Self-rated health (SRH) and self-efficacy for managing chronic disease (SEMCD) had a significant direct effect on HRQoL. The number of diseases, depressive symptoms, social support, and digital literacy indirectly affected HRQoL. Conclusion: To improve HRQoL in community-dwelling vulnerable older adults with chronic diseases, integrated community health-management programs should focus on enhancing SEMCD and SRH, while incorporating depression screening, social support, and digital literacy education.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test a predictive model that could predict and explain work effectiveness among staff nurses at local hospitals. Methods: Between April 1 and May 15, 2009, 340 nurses were recruited from two hospitals (one in Ulsan and one in Yangsan). Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: A modified model was retained, as the final path model showed a very good fit with the data. Job characteristics and compensation justice were found to have direct and positive effects on empowerment. Job characteristics, transformational leadership, and empowerment were found to directly and positively affect work effectiveness. In addition, job characteristics were found to have a greater effect on empowerment and work effectiveness than other factors do. Conclusion: This structural equation model was used to test the relationships between these factors and work effectiveness. Empowerment mediated the relationship between job characteristics, transformational leadership, and work effectiveness. Findings from this study can be used to design the strategies for increasing work effectiveness in Korean nurses.

본 연구는 운전확신수준을 구성하는 ‘상황둔감성’, ‘불안전운전’, ‘주의집중소홀’, ‘운전자신감’이 교통사고에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 총 1055명의 운전자를 대상으로 운전확신수준 질문지를 실시하였으며, 이들의 과속․음주 운전과 같은 위험한 운전행동 및 교통사고 경험을 조사하였다. 이 가운데 결측치를 확인하여 998명의 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. 그 결과, 운전확신수준의 구성요소가 교통사고에 이르는 경로를 통해 운전확신수준과 교통사고가 유의한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 운전확신수준 가운데 ‘상황둔감성’과 ‘불안전운전’이 교통사고에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났는데 ‘상황둔감성’이 교통사고에 부적인 영향을 미치고 있는데 반해, ‘불안전운전’은 교통사고에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과 운전확신수준을 구성하는 각각의 요인에 따라서 교통사고에 미치는 영향에 차이가 있음을 의미한다. 비록 본 연구에서 ‘주의집중소홀’과 ‘운전자신감’은 교통사고와 유의한 관계를 가지고 있음을 밝혀낼 수는 없었지만, 추후 이 두 요인이 운전에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보아야 할 것이다.

We investigated the influences of ‘Circumstance Insensibility’, ‘Unsafe Driving’, ‘Incautious Driving’, and ‘Self-efficacy of Driving’, consisting of driving confidence level, on traffic accidents. 1055 drivers conducted Driving Confidence Level Questionnaire, items about their dangerous driving experience and traffic accidents. Among them, after checking the missing items, we analyzed data of 998 drivers. As a result, we found the relation between driving confidence levels and traffic accidents. Specially, ‘Circumstance Insensibility’ and ‘Unsafe Driving’ influenced traffic accidents. However ‘Circumstance Insensibility’ had negative effects, the other side ‘Unsafe Driving’ had positive effects on traffic accidents. This result means each factor of driving confidence levels have different relation with traffic accidents. ‘Incautious Driving’ and ‘Self-efficacy of Driving’ didn’t have any effects on traffic accidents in this research. In future, it should be investigated ‘Incautious Driving’ and ‘Self-efficacy of Driving’.