Earticle

This study has two purposes. The first is to examine the relationship between destination choice attributes and behavioral intentions. The second is to examine the moderating effect of the tourism constraints(Intrapersonal Constraints, Interpersonal Constraints, Structural Constraints) on relationship between destination choice attributes and behavioral intentions. The major findings of the study are summarized as follows: First, results showed that destination choice attributes had significant influence on behavioral intentions. Second, the moderating effect of the tourism constraints on the relationship between destination choice attributes and behavioral intentions, These findings suggested that Korean tour overall satisfaction was affected tourist accommodations and facilities, the level of tourist price and so on. Food, safety, travel expenses, tourist attraction accessibility, communication problem, etc. needs to improved.

This study aims to explore the effect of tourism experience on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty and examine the moderating effect of the past visiting experiences on this relationship. The study results indicated that tourism experiences influenced both tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Among tourism experience factors, refreshment had the strongest impacts on destination loyalty as well as tourist satisfaction. Tourists’ prior visiting experiences moderated the influence of tourism experience on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. The more tourists have experiences the more satisfied from tourism experience at the destination and the more experiences they have at the destination, the more likely they pursue the knowledgeable and distinctive experiences at the destination. Based on these findings, the study suggested several practical implications for the destination marketers who plan to provide meaningful tourism experiences with the visitors to their destinations.

대학생들에게 있어서 최대의 고민인 취업 즉, 직장선택에 대한 의사결정은 학생 개인 삶에 대한 만족도와 미래를 결정하는 중요한 요소로 여기고 있다. 대학에서 학생들은 취업 및 직장선택에 대한 고민과 결정을 단독으로 판단하기에는 많은 어려움이 존재하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 취업과 직장선택에 대한 의사결정시 준거집단을 활용하게 되는데 그 집단의 신뢰도 수준이 직업만족에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 추가적으로 대학에서 학생들의 취업 지원을 하기 위한 여러 가지의 취업프로그램의 조절효과도 함께 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과와 그 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 취업자들이 준거집단에 대하여 갖는 신뢰도는 직업만족에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 연구대상인 대학생들은 취업을 할 때 자신들이 취업 의사결정시에 주요 판단요소가 되는 준거집단에 대한 신뢰의 수준이 자신들이 취업한 후의 직장에서의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 준거집단의 신뢰도는 이직의도에 유의적인 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 대학생취업자들은 자신들이 취업 시 의사결정에 참고로 하는 준거집단에 대한 신뢰도가 높을수록 이직의도가 낮은 것을 의미한다. 다음으로 직업만족도가 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 보면 역시 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 이상의 두 개의 결과가 시사하는 점은 준거집단의 영향력이다. 준거집단이 취업 대상 대학생들에게 신뢰를 얻고 있다면 자신이 선택한 직업 또는 직장에 대한 만족도가 높고 이직의 가능성은 낮아진다. 따라서 학생을 지도하는 대학의 입장에서는 취업을 앞둔 대학생들에게 준거집단을 식별하는 능력을 높혀주는 데에 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다. 셋째, 대학생들이 직장을 선택하고 그 직장에서 만족도를 느끼는 정도에 있어서 대학에서 운영하는 취업지원 프로그램이 아무런 역할을 하지 않는다. 결론적으로 대학생들이 취업후 직장에서 느끼는 만족도는 그들이 취업 여부를 결정하는 의사결정시에 의견을 듣는 준거집단의 신뢰도가 큰 영향을 미치며 그 영향은 취업한 그 직장에서의 유지 여부에도 영향을 미친다. 그러나 대학에서 전개하고 있는 각종 취업지원 프로그램은 이러한 과정에서 별다른 영향을 미치지 못한다는 것이다. 아마도 이들 프로그램은 단기적 목표 즉 취업률을 높이는 수단으로만 사용되는 것으로 보인다.

There will be no national loss as much as the recent Korean youths have graduated from college and have not got a job. As youth unemployment has become a big issue, students’ unlimited competition to get a job has brought a craze for ‘building spec’ before employment. There is no guarantee that employment will be successful even if the university has a favorable specification for employment. The government, which needs to increase the number of employees immediately, is stuck in increasing the number of statistics. As the number of job hunters increases, the number of job recurrences has reached double the number of job recruitment. This means that it is more difficult to get a job after graduating than going to college. In addition, as employment becomes more difficult, more students are postponing graduation at university. Therefore, this study considers the decision making about job choice, which is the biggest problem for college students, as an important factor that determines the satisfaction of the student’s personal life and the future. In college, there are many difficulties for students to judge their concerns and decisions about employment and job choice alone. The results of this study are as follows. First, the effects of job satisfaction on job satisfaction were investi- gated. In addition, we also analyzed the moderating effect of various employment programs to support students’ employment in college. The main findings and implications are as follows. First, the reliability of the workers on the reference group has a significant effect on the job satisfaction at the level of 1%. This implies that the level of trust in the reference group, which is the main factor in the decision making process, affects the satisfaction of the job after they are employed. This is presumably because they were decisions based on the relative opinion of the reference group. The implications of these two hypotheses are the influence of the reference group. If the reference group is trusted by the college students to be employed, their satisfaction with the job or job they chose is high and the probability of leaving the job is low. Therefore, from the perspective of the university that teaches students, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the ability of college students who are in employment to identify reference groups. Third, the college-based employment support program plays no role in the degree to which college students choose a job and feel satisfied with the job. This provides several impli- cations. This suggests that the employment support program operated by the university is likely to be a short-term policy that raises the employment rate immediately rather than raising the job retention rate in the mid- to long-term. In addition, in order to increase the satisfaction of the job after graduation and to reduce the possibility of job separation as a result of running a job support program from the standpoint of the university, the reference group or college faculty, It is necessary to find new influences such as finding influential factors other than the reference group or participation of the reference group in the program. In conclusion, the satisfaction of college students at work after work has a great influence on the reliability of the reference group who receives opinions when making decisions to decide whether they are employed or not, and the influence also affects whether or not the job is maintained at the job. However, the various employment support programs developed by universities have little effect on the process. Perhaps these programs appear to be used only as a means to increase the short-term goal, the employment rate. Finally, the limitations of this study are as follows: First, since the questionnaire is only for the graduates of some local universities, it can not be generalized by applying the results to other universities or universities in the country. In addition, it is thought that the roles of government and corporations as well as universities are important in presenting future direction of research. In order to efficiently operate and effective the employment programs conducted at universities, it is necessary to research and develop employment programs in which governments and companies participate together.

In this study, the selection attributes of Yaksun food, customer satisfaction and loyalty was to identify any impact. In addition, Yaksun food choice perceived value, depending on the moderating effect of food affects customer satisfaction through empirical analysis to determine the structural relationship study. Studies conducted by the verification of this hypothesis results are summarized as follows. First, the "customer satisfaction Yaksun food selection attributions will affect the definition of a significant" factor in Yaksun food of selection attributions of sensory price factors, nutritional health define the factors that affect customer satisfaction appeared to be part of the hypothesis is was adopted. Second, the "Customer satisfaction is defined loyalty will affect a significant" as defined in the customer satisfaction is the loyalty shown to affect the adoption of the hypothesis. Third, the "perceived value and Yaksun food selection will regulate the relationship between customer satisfaction" factor in the perceived value of the perceived value of the select attribute factors, sensory price factors, nutritional health and factors regulate the relationship between customer satisfaction.

본 연구는 2018년 일학습병행 교육훈련 프로그램에 도입되어 확대되고 있는 PBL 방식의 효과성 여 부에 대한 기본적인 고민에서 출발하였다. 이에 따라 강사 교수능력이 학습전이에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 분석하였고, 이 가운데 개인-상사 적합성이 조절역할을 하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 PBL 적용 일학습병행 교육훈련 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 학습근로자 220명의 설문 조사 결과를 바탕으로 실증연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 강사(공동훈련센터 강사) 교수능력이 학습전이에 유의한 정(+) 의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 강사의 교수능력을 기업현장교사 대상으로 측정한 일학습병 행관련 기존 선행연구와 동일한 결과이다. 둘째, 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 개인-상사적합성은 강사 교수 능력과 학습전이의 관계에서 조절효과를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 개인-상사적합성이 높은 집단 에서 강사 교수능력에 의한 학습전이 정(+)의 영향이 보다 강화되었다. 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 교육훈련 방식의 변화에 효율적으로 대응하면서 일학습병행 교육 훈련의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 기업현장교사와 공동훈련센터 강사 모두의 역량 제고를 위한 노력이 수반될 필요가 있다는 것이다. 이를 위해 기업현장교사 양성교육 과정 외에 공동훈련센터 강사를 위한 교육과정 도입이 필요하다. 아울러, 일학습병행 교육훈련의 효과성 제고를 위해서는 상사의 역할 또한 중요하므로 일학습병행 교육훈련 참여 기업의 중간 관리자를 대상으로 일학습병행 교육훈련 및 학습근 로자에 대한 이해도를 높일 수 있는 프로그램 마련 및 제공 노력이 병행될 필요가 있다.

This study was conducted from the basic concern about the effectiveness of the PBL method, which was introduced in 2018 and has expanded since then in the Work-based Learning programs. Accordingly, it was analyzed that how the instructor's teaching ability affects learning transfer and confirmed whether the person-supervisor fit plays a moderating role among them. The results of a survey of 220 learning workers participating in the Work-based Learning programs with PBL application were used for the empirical study. The results of this study are as follows. First, the teaching ability of the instructors( training center instructors) was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on learning transfer. It is the same result as the previous studies on Work-based Learning that measured the teaching ability of the company instructors. Second, the results of the hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that person-supervisor fit has a moderating effect on the relationship between instructor teaching ability and learning transfer realized by learning workers. In other words, the positive (+) effect of instructor teaching ability on learning transfer was stronger in the group with high person-supervisor fit. The implications of this study are as follows. In order to effectively respond to changes in the training methods and enhance the effectiveness of the training, efforts should be made to improve the capabilities of both corporate and training center instructors. To this end, it is necessary to introduce training courses designed for training center instructors similar to those for company counterpart. In addition, since the role of supervisors is also important in enhancing the effectiveness of Work-based Learning programs, it is also necessary to prepare and provide programs that can enhance the understanding of the training programs and learning workers for middle managers of companies participating in the Programs.

본 연구는 COVID-19 팬데믹 이후 관광 전공 대학생의 전공선택확신, 취업불안 및 취업스트레스 간 의 영향관계에 대해 규명하고자 하였으며, 전공선택확신과 취업불안 간의 영향 관계에서 셀프리더십의 조절효과에 대해 확인하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 위해 서울과 천안에 위치한 2년제와 4년제 대학의 학생들을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였으며, SPSS 통계 프로그램을 활용하여 회귀분 석을 진행함으로써 영향관계 및 조절효과를 검증하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 전공선택확신은 취 업불안유발요인에 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 취업불안은 취업스트레스에 유 의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 셀프리더십은 전공선택확신과 취업불안유발요인 간의 영향관계에서 유의한 조절변수의 역할을 하는 것으로 제시되었다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 셀프리더 십 수준이 높은 그룹에서는 전공선택확신 수준이 높을수록 취업불안유발요인을 감소시켜 주는 정도가 더 크게 나타났다. 이를 통해 전공선택에 대한 확신과 셀프리더십 수준을 동시에 높여줄 수 있는 방안 및 전략을 수립하는 것이 학생들이 느끼는 취업불안 정도는 낮춰줄 수 있다는 해석이 가능하다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교육현장에서의 대응 방안 마련의 중요성을 강조할 수 있다.

The objective of this study was to identify the causal relationship between major choice conviction, job seeking anxiety and stress among university students majoring in tourism after the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it was to confirm the moderating effect of self-leadership in the relationship between major choice conviction and job seeking anxiety. For the purpose of this study, an online survey was conducted targeting students at two-year and four-year universities located in Seoul and Cheonan, and causal relationships and moderating effects were verified by conducting regression analysis using the SPSS statistical program. As a result, first, major choice conviction had a significant negative effect on factors causing job seeking anxiety. Second, job seeking anxiety had a significant positive effect on job seeking stress. Third, self-leadership was presented as a significant moderating variable in the relationship between major choice conviction and factors causing job seeking anxiety. Specifically, in the group with a high level of self-leadership, the higher the level of major choice conviction, the greater the degree to which factors causing job seeking anxiety were reduced. Therefore, it can be interpreted that establishing effective measures and strategies that can simultaneously increase major choice conviction and the level of self-leadership can reduce the level of job seeking anxiety felt by students in educational environments.

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 심리적 독립, 진로준비행동, 계획된 우연기술의 관계를 알아보고 심리적 독립이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향에서 계획된 우연기술의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 경북지역 4년제 D대학교와 경남지역의 4년제 K대학교 전체학년(1~4학년) 남녀 재학생 272명을 대상으 로 설문을 실시하였으며, 최종 244부의 자료를 SPSS와 PROCESS Macro 프로그램을 사용하여 분석 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 심리적 독립과 계획된 우연기술은 진로준비행동에 유의미한 정적 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생의 심리적 독립과 진로준비행동 간의 관계에서 계획된 우연기술이 조절하 는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 계획된 우연기술의 조건부효과 탐색을 위해 특정 값 선택방법을 사용하여 조절효과를 검증한 결과, 계획된 우연기술은 심리적 독립이 낮은 집단과 평균 집단에서 진로준비행동 을 높여 줄 수 있는 조절효과가 있으나, 심리적 독립이 높은 집단에서는 진로준비행동을 높여 줄 수 있 는 조절효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 대학생의 심리적 독립과 계획된 우연기술이 진로준비행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변인임 을 검증함으로써 대학생의 심리적 독립과 계획된 우연기술에 관련된 상담 및 교육프로그램 개발․개입 이 대학생의 진로준비행동 수준을 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있다는 것을 밝혀낸 점에서 그 의의를 찾아 볼 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between psychological separation, career preparation behavior, and planned happenstance skills of University students, and to verify the moderating effect of planned happenstance skills in the effect of psychological separation on career preparation behavior. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 272 male and female students enrolled in all grades (1st-4th grades) D University in Gyeongbuk area and K University in Gyeongnam area, and the final 244 copies of data were analyzed using SPSS and PROCESS Macro programs. The results of this study are as follows. First, psychological separation and planned happenstance skills of University students were found to have a significant positive effect on career preparation behavior. Second, in the relationship between the psychological separation of University students and career preparation behavior, planned happenstance skills were found to be regulated. In addition, as a result of verifying the moderating effect using a specific value selection method to explore the conditional effect of the planned happenstance skills, the planned happenstance skills has a moderating effect that can increase the career preparation behavior in the group with low psychological separation and the average group. However, it was found that there was no moderating effect to increase career preparation behavior in the group with high psychological separation. This study verified that the psychological separation of University students and planned happenstance skills are variables that can affect career preparation behavior. Through this, the significance can be found in that it revealed that the development and intervention of counseling and educational programs related to the psychological separation of University students and planned happenstance skills can contribute to improving the level of University students career preparation behavior.

본 연구는 SNS상의 온라인 구전의 성격을 설득 커뮤니케이션이 아닌 확산 커뮤니케이션 측면에 초점을 맞추고 SNS상의 2차 구전의도에 영향을 미치는 요인 및 영향관계를 검증하였다. 온라인 구전 확산은 크게 1 차 구전(최초 구전전달)과 2차 구전(기존 구전정보의 재전달)으로 나눌 수 있다(장해․박주식, 2015). 본 연구 는 2차 구전에 관한 연구의 중요성 및 필요성을 제시하면서 2차 구전의도에 영향을 미치는 SNS상의 구전정 보 특성, 발신자 특성, 수신자 특성 등 변수들 간의 구조적 관계를 검증하고, 특히 SNS사용자 개인적 심리 학 성향인 과시성향의 조절효과를 중심으로 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 SNS 사용이 활발한 20대, 30대 젊은 층을 주로 하였고, SNS상에서 접한 가장 기억에 남는 기업, 제품, 서비스에 관련 정보(상품평, 추천의 글 등)를 떠올리면서 본 연구의 설문에 응답하도록 하였다. 연구결과, 구전 정보특성인 동의성, 발신자 특성 인 전문성, 신뢰성 및 매력성은 2차 구전의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 수신자 개 인특성인 과시성향은 동의성, 신뢰성과 2차 구전의도 간의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결 과를 기반으로 2차 구전에 관한 연구의 중요성 및 연구방향과 같은 이론적 시사점, 또는 기업의 SNS상의 구 전 관리와 같은 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

This study focused on the aspect of diffusion communication rather than persuasive communication of online word of mouth on SNS, and verified the factors and influence relationships that influence the secondary word of mouth intention on SNS. While presenting the importance and necessity of research on secondary word of mouth, this study verifies the structural relationship between variables such as word of mouth information characteristics, sender characteristics, and recipient characteristics on SNS that influence the secondary word of mouth intention. The focus of this study was to examine the moderating effect of the conspicuousness. Research subjects were mainly young peoples who are actively using SNS, and respond to the questionnaire of this study while thinking of he most memorable relevant information (product reviews, recommendations, etc.) on SNS. The result of this study, it was found that the characteristics of word of mouth information such as consent, the characteristics of the sender such as professionalism, reliability and attractiveness had a positive effect on the secondary word of mouth intention. In addition, it was found that the conspicuousness, which is the individual characteristic of the recipient, moderates the relationship between consent, reliability and secondary word of mouth intention. Based on these research results, theoretical implications such as the importance and research direction of research on secondary word of mouth, or practical implications such as management of word of mouth on social media of companies were presented.

This paper described and presented an empirical verification of the effects of work ability perceived by hotel cooks on their job satisfaction. In addition, this paper empirically verified the moderating effect of hotel cooks’ locus of control on the effect of their work ability on their job satisfaction, thereby providing meaningful suggestions to the hotel industry and the academic world. The results of the empirical analyses are summarized as follows: First, according to the empirical analysis of the effects of hotel cooks’ work ability factors on their job satisfaction, only their qualifications affected their job satisfaction. The factors of their awareness of the importance of cooking, enterprising will for growth, and menu development/communication with customers did not influence their job satisfaction. Second, according to the results of moderated regression analysis aimed at verifying the moderating effect of hotel cooks’ locus of control on the effect of their work ability factors on their job satisfaction, only the factor of their awareness of the importance of cooking had a moderating effect. The factors of their qualifications, enterprising will for growth, and menu development/communication with customers did not have a moderating effect.

The study aims to explore attitude of cultural events that affect quality of life and to investigate if there are moderating effects of involvement in a relationship between attitude of cultural events and quality of life. Although many different cultural events such as department event, concert, music festival, and street performance are held in a city or region, the concept of cultural events’ attitudes have not been widely discussed. Understanding participants' attitudes of cultural events are crucial to develop more effective and appropriate contents and programs as well as strategic marketing for cultural events. It has also been generally believed that participation of cultural events enhance quality of life, but few study has been conducted. From the literature review, the measurement of cultural event attitude and quality of life were developed. The on-site survey was conducted and a total of 513 useful survey questionnaires were collected. The results showed that cultural event attitude affects quality of life. There are also some moderating effects of involvement in the relationship between the cultural events’ attitudes and quality of life. These results would be helpful for strategic planning of cultural events program.

The supply chain management (SCM) systems have emerged as strong managerial tools for manufacturing firms in enhancing competitive strength. Despite of large investments in the SCM systems, many companies are not fully realizing the promised benefits from the systems. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of SCM systems success in the perspective of vendor companies. In developing the research model, we have focused on selecting the success factors appropriate for the vendors through reviewing past researches and on developing more accurate success measures. The model consists of three independent variables (competition intensity, top management support, and information system maturity), one mediating variable (collaboration), one moderating variable (government support), and a dependent variable (system success). The systems success measures have been developed to reflect the operational benefits of the SCM systems; improvement in planning and analysis capabilities, faster throughput, cost reduction, task integration, and improved product and customer service. The model has been validated using the survey data collected from 122 vendors participating in the SCM systems in Korea. The result shows that information system maturity and top management support are the most important determinants of SCM system success. The quality of collaboration relationships also is positively related to outcome variable. Collaboration variable is found to have a mediation effect between on influencing factors and implementation success. Government support moderates the effect of the IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support on collaboration.

SCM(Supply Chain Management) is one of the important issues in internet-based business environment. This study intends to suggest a research model to investigate the influence of environmental, organizational, technical factors on successful SCM system implementation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the organizational characteristics of SCM adoption on successful implementation of SCM systems, including the moderating effects of competitiveness. 122 companies data were collected by survey. The results of hypothesis testing showed that project management is the most important determinants to influence successful SCM system implementation. In addition to that, top management support, IS maturity have positive influence to successful implementation of SCM systems in direct effect model. Also, the results of hypothesis testing in moderating effect model show that competitiveness has a positive impact to successful implementation of SCM systems.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of digital device use on the relationship between social exclusion and depression among older adults. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans. Data from 5,656 young-old adults (aged 65~74 years) and 4,274 old-old adults (aged≥75 years) were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and hierarchical logistic regression analyses were employed. Results: Social exclusion was positively associated with depression in both age groups. Digital device use significantly moderated this relationship in the old-old group (β=-.06, p=.001), attenuating the effect of social exclusion on depression. Conclusion: These findings indicate that digital device use may serve as an effective means of alleviating and preventing depression among older adults. The results support the development of policies aimed at enhancing digital literacy for this population.

Purpose: This study investigated the moderating role of marital satisfaction in the relationship between acculturative stress and psychological distress among marriage migrant women in South Korea. Methods: We recruited 142 marriage migrant women from a metropolitan city in the southwestern region of the Korean Peninsula and used survey questionnaires to collect information on demographics as well as inventories assessing acculturative stress, psychological distress, and marital satisfaction. Results: We found that acculturative stress significantly affected psychological distress. Marriage migrant women experiencing higher levels of acculturative stress reported greater psychological distress. We further found that marital satisfaction moderated the relationship between acculturative stress and psychological distress. Specifically, low levels of marital satisfaction strengthened the association between acculturative stress and psychological distress. In contrast, among women with high levels of marital satisfaction, the relationship between acculturative stress and psychological distress was still present but relatively weaker. Conclusions: These findings suggest that marital satisfaction is a critical variable that prevents the adverse effects of acculturative stress on psychological distress among marriage migrant women in South Korea.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between perceived stress and depression in patients newly diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire, which covered demographic characteristics, perceived stress, depression, and physical activity. Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether perceived stress and physical activity influenced depression, after controlling for demographic characteristics. The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between perceived stress and depression was analyzed using model 1 of the PROCESS macro (bootstrap sample size=5,000). Results: The findings revealed that the level of depression was higher in women (p=.003), individuals without a spouse (p=.004), and those with an average monthly income of less than 3 million won (p=.045). The regression results showed that perceived stress was associated with a significant increase in the level of depression (β=.53, p<.001), and low physical activity was also a significant predictor of depression (β=.16, p=.013). The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between perceived stress and depression was confirmed, indicating that when physical activity was high, the impact of perceived stress on depression was weaker than when physical activity was low (B=-0.37, p=.038). Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to implement a nursing program that can enhance physical activity and early screening for stress and depression in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Many people seek professional help because of self-harm, signaling a crisis in domestic mental health issues. Neuroticism sig- nificantly predicts self-harm through experiential avoidance as a coping strategy in response to negative stimuli. However, despite neurotic tendencies, a person with a high level of psychological flexibility may have the capacity to respond construc- tively to unpleasant situations or emotions. The current study measured neuroticism (K-IPIP-NEO-120), self-harm (K-SHI), and psychological flexibility (K-AAQ-II) in 551 South Korean adults (M= 271, F= 280, age range: 20?59 years). Results showed that psychological flexibility moderated the relationship between neuroticism and self-harm. Neuroticism significantly pre- dicted self-harming behaviors when psychological flexibility was low or moderate, whereas high psychological flexibility pre- vented the risk of a connection between neuroticism and self-harm. Psychological flexibility may need to be addressed in clinical interventions and in self-harm prevention.

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of driving stress on traffic accident risk. Specifically, the study verified whether a driver's speed desire frustration plays a control role in the relations between driving stress and traffic accident risk. As a result, a driver's speed desire frustration level played a control role in the relation between driving stress and traffic accident risk. This indicates that a driver's speed desire frustration level change driving stress sensitivities, thus changing the effects of selecting coping behavior types and causing differences in total traffic accident risk. The results show that the mere concentration on driving stress management cannot sufficiently lower the traffic accident risks caused by driving stress. This is because driving stress have indirect influences on traffic accident risk. Hence, it will be necessary to seek how to reduce driving stress and control coping behavior types in order to lower the traffic accidents risk by the stress.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine whether Korean language proficiency moderates the relationship between international students' self-rated health status and quality of life (QoL) in South Korea, given the critical role of language skills in cultural adaptation and well-being. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2023 Seoul Survey on Foreign Residents. The sample included 409 international students residing in Seoul. Hierarchical multiple regression and PROCESS macro (Model 1) were used to examine the moderating effect of Korean language proficiency on the relationship between self-rated health status and QoL. Results: Self-rated health status and Korean language proficiency were each positively associated with QoL, and the moderating effect of language proficiency was statistically significant. Among international students with low Korean proficiency, the association between self-rated health status and QoL was strong, whereas this relationship was negligible among those with high proficiency. These findings suggest that Korean language proficiency buffers the negative impact of poor health on QoL. Conclusion: Korean language proficiency is a protective factor for international students' QoL, mitigating the negative effects of poor self-rated health status. These findings underscore the need for integrated, culturally sensitive health policies and support programs that reduce language barriers and promote language acquisition to enhance the well-being of international students.

In forming judgments and inferences based on memory, people not only rely on the content information retrieved from memory but also use their subjective ease or difficulty experience of retrieval as a source of information (Schwarz and Clore, 2007). The present study examines the moderating role of an individual’s need for cognition in his or her use of retrieval ease as information in forming product attitudes after self-generating reasons in favor of a product. In doing so, the present study also tests for two possible mediating mechanisms: perceived availability- vs. validity-based mechanism. The results show that retrieval ease (experienced in self-generating reasons) influences product attitudes when people are low on need for cognition but not when they are high on need for cognition. In addition, the ease effect on product attitudes (that was contingent upon need for cognition) was found to be mediated by the perceived availability of reasons. Several implications for practice and future research are also discussed.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine whether perceived parental alienation mediates the relationship between parental and adolescent depressive symptoms, and, if so, whether parents’ subjective health moderates this indirect effect. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the 2021 wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children, enrolling 541 parent?child dyads. Parental depression was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6, a self-rated health item, the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Chil- dren, and a 6-item perceived alienation scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and variance inflation factor checks were conducted, followed by mediation and moder- ated mediation analyses using PROCESS Models 4 and 7 with 10,000 bootstraps in IBM SPSS ver. 27.0. Results: Parental depression did not directly predict adolescent depression (B=.02, t=.87) but was significantly related to perceived alienation (B=.16, p<.001), which in turn pre- dicted higher adolescent depression (B=.20, p<.001). The indirect effect of alienation was also significant (B=.039; 95% confidence interval, 0.005?0.066). Subjective health moderat- ed the depression?alienation link (interaction B=.19, p<.001), with stronger indirect ef- fects observed among parents with better health. Conclusion: Parental depression symptoms indirectly increase adolescent depression through perceived alienation, particularly when parents viewed their health positively. These results suggest that interventions targeting parental mental health and fostering open-family communication may help reduce adolescent depression.