Earticle

창의성은 모방하기 힘든 지속가능한 기업의 핵심역량으로서 혁신전략의 중요한 선행요소로 인식되고 있다. 하지만 많은 연구들이 신제품개발과 같은 기업 내 조직들 간의 협력적 활동 상황에서 진행되고 있어 마케팅 제휴활동과 같은 기업 간 협력적 활동에서의 창의성 관련 연구는 미진한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 마케팅 제휴활동에 있어 창의성의 중요성을 강조하면서, 이들이 형성되는 구체적인 메커니즘을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해, 신뢰의 유형을 신용과 호의에 기반한 신뢰로, 마케팅 제휴활동의 창의성을 참신성과 유용성으로 구분하여 이들과 정보교환품질과의 관계를 가설화하고, 이를 구조방정식 모형을 통해 검증하였다. 또한 이 과정에서 한국기업과 일본기업의 문화적 차이의 조절효과도 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, 신용과 호의에 기반한 신뢰는 모두 정보교환품질에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 정보교환의 품질은 마케팅 제휴활동의 참신적 창의성과 유용적 창의성에 모두 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 신용에 기반한 신뢰와 마케팅 제휴활동의 참신적 창의성 간의 관계, 그리고 호의에 기반한 신뢰와 마케팅 제휴활동의 유용적 창의성 간의 관계는 정보교환품질에 의해 완전매개되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 더불어, 신용과 호의에 기반한 신뢰와 정보교환의 품질과의 관계는 한국기업과 일본기업 간의 문화적 차이에 의해 조절되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

While creativity is the precursor for developing innovation and strategic advantages through relationships, research in marketing has focused on creativity in intra-firm rather than inter-organizational contexts (for example, new product development as opposed to marketing alliances). However, conditions facilitating creativity in intra- and inter-organizational contexts may differ. To confirm these facts, the current study proposes a research model where credibility-based trust and benevolence-based trust enhance the quality of information exchange, which eventually improves novel and useful creativity, with national culture as a moderator in inter-organizational contexts, especially marketing alliance contexts. The research model was tested with a survey of 284 marketing alliances across Japanese and Korean firms. The results from a structural equation model indicated that credibility-based trust and benevolence-based trust affect the quality of information exchange, facilitator of marketing alliance creativity (i.e., novelty and usefulness). In addition, the effects of credibility-based trust and benevolence-based trust on novelty and usefulness in marketing alliance contexts are fully mediated by the quality of information exchange. Finally, the national culture between Korea and Japan also moderates the relationships between credibility-based trust and benevolence-based trust and quality of information exchange. In detail, the link between the credibility-based trust and quality of information exchange is stronger in more individual and masculine society. In addition, the benevolence-based trust is more strongly associated with quality of information exchange when both collectivism and feminity are highThe conclusion offers a summary and implications of the findings, discusses the limitations of the research, and makes directions for future research.

애프터서비스와 같은 구매 후 고객에게 제공되는 제품관련 서비스의 중요성이 점차적으로 증가되고 있음에도 불구하고 그 동안 애프터서비스품질에 관련된 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 내구소비재를 중심으로 애프터서비스의 품질이 서비스가치, 만족, 브랜드애호도에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대도시 소재 애프터서비스를 이용한 경험자를 대상으로 설문을 조사하여 213부의 설문지가 최종분석에 사용되었다. 분석결과에 의하면 첫째, 애프터서비스 이용자들의 애프터서비스에 대한 전반적 품질 평가는 문제해결, 확신성, 편의성, 신뢰성의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났고 그 중에서도 문제해결이 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전반적 애프터서비스품질은 애프터서비스에 대한 고객만족감과 서비스가치에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 애프터서비스에 대한 가치는 서비스만족에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 전반적 애프터서비스품질은 서비스에 대한 가치와 만족을 통하여 브랜드애호도에도 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 애프터서비스에 관련된 관리적 시사점을 제시하였다.

Even though the importance of product-related services provided to customers after the purchase is gradually increasing, there are few studies that focus on after-sales service. In this study, we investigate the effects of after-sales service, restricted to consumer durable goods, on service-value, satisfaction with the service, and brand loyalty. The data for this analysis was obtained from 213 consumers who used after-sales service for consumer durable goods in a metropolitan area. Our findings from analysis 1 and 2 are as follows: First, overall after-sales service perception is influenced by service components such as problem solving, assurance, convenience, and reliability. Specially, Analysis 1 indicates that problem solving has a stronger effect than others. Second, the overall after-sales service quality positively affects the satisfaction with the service and the service-value, which in turn positively influences the satisfaction with the service. Third, the overall after-sales service quality has a positive effect on the brand loyalty through the service-value and the satisfaction with the service. In addition, managerial implications related to after-sales service are suggested for practitioners.

Korea's social enterprises have made great progress quantitatively with direct and indirect support from the government or local governments. However, in the future, social enterprises need to develop quantitative development as well as quality development and stability for sustainable management through performance. This study is an empirical study to explore the effect of social entrepreneurship and social network on performance among the characteristics of social enterprises. Studies have shown that social entrepreneurship and social networks have a significant impact on both the economic and social performance of social enterprises. Social entrepreneurship, such as initiative, innovation, risk-trace, commitment to the task, and social networks, such as favorable relationships with governments, local governments, local financial institutions, and human network support, have been identified as important factors that significantly affect the economic and social performance of social enterprises. Therefore, social efforts are more needed to discover and nurture social entrepreneurs who are full of social entrepreneurship. It is also believed that the government, local governments, and even local governments, should expand social networks linked to local institutions or residents, and that a cooperative system should be formed to create a private-to-regional support system and create a growth ecosystem that can be self-sustaining by social enterprises. The limitation of this study is that the sample of research is limited to representing social enterprises across the country or social enterprises in Busan. In the future, it is believed that various aspects of performance, including success factors, will be needed for social enterprises across the country.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of employment stability, compensation fairness, participation opportunities, and peer relationships on job satisfaction, which are factors of employment relationship characteristics, among others, for workers with experience in career interruption discussed as a special environment of Korean society, and to obtain effective results from Korea's career interrupted woman employment creation policy. An analysis of 261 samples nationwide confirmed that employment stability, compensation fairness and peer relationships among the factors of employment relationship characteristics have a positive effect on job satisfaction for workers with experience in career interruption. This can be thought that a worker with experience in career interruption is often forced to endure the pain of re-use and to work hard, so that the stability of employment is taken more seriously, and that the anxiety that compensation will not be achieved equally because of the career break period is placing a greater psychological burden on her. Particularly well integrated into the personal and intimate with my colleagues in her career can see that the most important idea. At a time when policies on female workers are pouring in, employment policies of job seekers and general job seekers with career breaks should be differentiated. Korea is pushing for various measures to use women's human resources, but the situation has not improved much with much experience in career interruption. More in-depth analysis and active implementation of relevant alternative policies will be required.

Korean society still recognizes domestic labors as women’s own traditional role and there have been reports that women are being discriminated against as human resources. While there are many factors that impede women’s sustainable careers in workplace and social phenomena, it is necessary to investigate the factors that satisfy job environments perceived by women workers as the necessity of utilizing female workforce continue to increases. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the factors of job characteristics and job environment in Korean culture where prioritizes organizations are perceived by female workers and how these factors affect their life and job satisfaction. furthermore, the study investigates the factors that the corporations have to focus more for women’s sustainable economic activities. An empirical analysis showed that the job characteristics and environments recognized by Korean female workers surrounded by unique organizational culture has affected job satisfaction and their life when given appropriate authorities and recognition with gender equality in autonomous environment as well as the presence of colleagues who can sympathize with rather than competitiveness and rewards. In particular, it confirmed that human resource is the most positive factor that influences both life satisfaction and job satisfaction. This allows the government to establish the policies for women and to identify how workplace environment and culture should be created for the corporations to make full use of female labor force.

The study suggests that social enterprises of Korea develop a sustainable management through the creation of an ecosystem that can grow in itself without direct financial support from the government along with the quantitative and qualitative expansions, by comparing the current status of social enterprises as well as the support system and the ways in Korea and Japan. When compared with Japan, the support system for social enterprises in Korea is institutionally well established and the networks of the intermediary organizations and related groups are also well organized, however, all the systems are government-led. Therefore, besides the subsidies from the corporations and the government, a sustainable management can be involved with unstability when government subsidies are stopped due to the weak infrastructures of regional or private investment. Japan does not have strong policy support at the central government level, while there are a variety of related organizational networks based on the local communities and the intermediary organizations. Thanks to their organic and tight corporations, NPOs for social enterprises are increasing the sustainability by solving various social problems in the region. therefore, Korea needs to shift its policy paradigm from the government-led promotions to the private and local–led ecosystem establishment of social enterprises. In case of Korea, there is an increasing number of corporations in the pursuit of social values in the various areas, however, they are facing strict regulations to be considered as social enterprises. on the other hand, Japan is expanding NPO by simplifying its qualifications and certifications for NPO to acquire through related laws. Although the support system based on the certification system of Korea contributed to upbringing social enterprises in the short time, it needs to promote their entry into various fields by relaxing the certification requirements. Finally, Japan has focused on indirect support for the social enterprises, it has provided diverse ways of support that affect their existences and effective operations at the same time. In the meanwhile, Korea has concentrated more on direct support, especially the labor costs. This may result in closure or cancellation of certification when the direct financial support is discontinued. Thus, it is necessary to deliver a variety of support policies for social enterprises to be more independent rather than direct financial support for the future.

In the domestic medical device market, global enterprises dominate strong capital, technology, and distribution channels. In various sales marketing policies, they lead the domestic market. With the first launch of molecular point of care diagnostics products in the domestic market, and in line with the growing global market of Point of Care Testing(POCT) products, it was wondered how these products were introduced in domestic medical institutions. Therefore, this study was conducted with the application of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT) suitable for technology acceptance. Influenza products suitable most for the new trend of the domestic diagnostic medical device market were divided into 1)Rapid Diagnostics Test(RDT), 2)Reader+Device, and 3)Molecular Point-of-Care(POC) diagnostics product. As for the three types of influenza products being distributed in the domestic market, the influential relations between unified technology acceptance, acceptance intention, and behavioral intention were deeply analyzed in combination with product involvement. This study provided suggestions for production, sales, and marketing of molecular POC diagnostics and POCT products in the rapidly changing medical device market, and for domestic companies and those concerned with sales marketing from the perspective of customer service.

The study identified the factors influencing Korean and Chinese consumer’s purchase intention to buy fake products in two aspects: social factors and personal factors. Social factors include conformity group, others-conscious inhibited consumption, and social norms. Personal factors are perceived risk, price sensitivity, and conspicuous consumption. This study surveyed 279 Koreans and 297 Chinese who have experienced of buying counterfeits. The statistical analysis conducted frequency analysis, reliability and validity analysis to identify statistical characteristics of respondents using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. After checking the suitability of the measuring instruments and models, the hypothesis was verified. The results are as follow. First of all, others-conscious inhibited consumption has positive impact on both Korean and Chinese consumers. Secondly, Korean social norms are not significant factors whereas Chinese social norms have negative impact on consumer conformity. While legal importance of the social norms is growing due to the economic and ethical concerns, Korean consumers still appear to fail to recognize restrictions on norms or usage. Chinese consumers recognize that buying counterfeits does not conform to the social norms and the normative pressure constrains an individual's from purchasing. Third, Korean perceived risk has negative impact on consumer conformity while Chinese perceived risk is not significant factor. When Korean consumers decide to buy a counterfeit, being aware of various dangers can have negative effect on purchase intention. If they already consider risks associated with buying counterfeits and uncertain quality of that product, purchase intention becomes smaller. On the other hand, Chinese consumers do not recognize the potential risks of fake goods. Fourth, after verifying the relationship between price sensitivity and consumer conformity, price sensitivity is not significant factor for both Korean and Chinese consumers. Fifth, in relation to conspicuous consumption and consumer conformity, conspicuous consumption has positive impact on consumer conformity in both countries. Lastly, between consumer conformity and purchase intention, consumer conformity as parameter positively influences on purchase intention in both countries. A further research should be an empirical study which reflects various aspects like feature of company, characteristics of produced luxury goods, and quality of counterfeits. Moreover, it needs to examine whether there is a discrepancy in purchase intention according to the area or define specific comparisons between the two countries. It is necessary to expand the research to account for various counterfeits, but it needs to clarify the exact classification for counterfeits.

본 연구는 우리나라 영화산업 자료를 이용하여 영화산업에서 극장과 배급사 간 수직계열화가 극장의 상영 패턴에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 실증적으로 분석하고자 한다. 2013년 이후 국내 상영시장의 95% 이상을 차지하는 멀티플렉스 상영관인 CJ CGV, 롯데시네마, 메가박스는 계열사 혹은 자사로서 배급사인 CJ E&M, 롯데엔터테인먼트, 메가박스플러스엠와 수직계열화가 되어 있는데, 본 연구에서는 자료분석이 용이한 CJ CGV와 CJ E&M의 수직계열화 효과에 초점을 맞추었다. 극장의 상영 의사결정 에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다양한 요인이 통제된 이후 수직계열화의 순수한 효과를 추정하기 위해 이중 차분법(difference-in-differences)을 응용한 모형이 사용되었는데, 분석 결과에 따르면 CJ CGV는 CJ E&M이 배급한 영화를 다른 배급사와 영화와 비교해 차별적으로 더 자주 상영하였다. 그리고 이러한 차별적 상영 패턴은 공정거래위원회가 CJ CGV에 부과한 과징금의 기준이 되는 CJ E&M의 25편 영화에서 더 크게 나타났다.

Using Korean movie industry data, this paper analyzes the effect of vertical integration between multiplex theatres and distributors-in particular CJ CGV and CJ E&M-on the screening patterns. Our empirical results, which is based on modified difference-in-differences model, suggest that movies distributed by CJ E&M showed more often than other movies at CJ CGV, same affiliate as CJ E&M of the CJ Group. Moreover, CJ CGV’s discriminatory screening pattern was consolidated for 25 individual movies on which Korean Fair Trade Commission fined CJ CGV for unfair competition.

최근 사회 전반적으로 4차 산업혁명이 주요 이슈화 되면서 사물인터넷, 인공지능, 모바일, 생명공학, 나노기술, 빅데이터 등 각 분야의 기술이 융합 발전하면서 새로운 패러다임의 비즈니스 환경으로 큰 변화가 일어나고 있다. 의료기기 산업 분야 역시도 인구의 고령화 문제와 신종 바이러스 출현과 함께 다양한 질병에 대한 두려움 가운데서도 개인의 건강한 삶을 예측, 예방하기 위한 양질의 헬스케어 서 비스를 제공하고자 급속하게 변화하고 있다. 의료기기 시장은 기술 발전에 따른 신규 경쟁 업체의 시 장진입 문턱이 낮아지면서 가격 경쟁이 심해지고 있으며, 정보 취득이 빠른 고객의 눈높이가 높아지면 서 제품의 차별성을 부각하는 것이 점점 힘들어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기술통합수용이론(UTAUT)에 대한 선행연구를 기반으로 국내 의료기기 시장의 제품 트랜드를 가장 잘 보여 주고 있는 체외진단 의료기기 중에서 호흡기 감염질환의 인플루엔자 제품군을 선정하여 의료기관 및 병원 종사자들의 성과기대, 노력에 대한 기대, 촉진조건, 인지된 위험, 사회적 영 향과 조절변수로 의료기기 제품군의 형태에 따른 수용의도와 이용을 설명하고자 한다. 동일한 제품군 형태는 첫째, 신속진단키트(RDT, Rapid Diagnostics Test) 둘째, 리더기 + 멀티스트립(multi - strip reader for point of care testing) 셋째, POC 분자진단(Molecular Point of Care Diagnostics) 제품 3 가지 군으로 나뉘어서 분석하여 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주는지 확인하고자 한다.

As the fourth industrial industry has received much attention from the world, internet of things, artificial intelligence, mobile, bio technology, nano technology and big data are converged and developed, which has caused a great change in business and paradigm shift. Medical instrument industry is also changing rapidly to provide good quality of health care service to improve health and prevent diseases as Korea is rapidly becoming an aging society and new types of virus appear. Price competition among medical instrument enterprises is becoming more fierce as start-up firms enter medical instrument market. It becomes more difficult for medical instrument enterprises to promote a distinctiveness in products as customers' expectation level has risen. This study aims to describe an acceptance intention. a use, performance expectation by medical institutions and staff, expectation for effort, condition for expedite promotion, perceived risk and social influence according to forms of medical instrument product line as a moderator variable after selecting influenza product line of respiratory disease out of medical institutions for in-vitro diagnosis showing product trend of products in domestic medical instrument market best based on advance research on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology(UTAUT). This study is to verify whether they have a statistically significant influence by classifying product line into rapid diagnostics test(RDT), multi - strip reader for point of care testing and molecular point of care diagnostics and analyzing them.

Comparative Study on Technological Change Pattern of Fishery Area between Korea and Japan using Weibull Growth Curve Model Park, Ju-Chan․Kim, Wan-Min․Bark, Pyeng-Mu This paper is to analyze the technological change patterns in Fishery areas of Korea and Japan, and to find out whether change patterns of these two countries are similar or identical due to the geographical closeness as well as historical, industrial and technological ties. To analyze the patterns this study uses the Weibull growth curve model on selected six fishery technology areas and further applies the reduced and full models in order to test an identical change pattern of two countries. This study draws a conclusion that the Weibull model perfectly fits to six areas based on the statistical significance test and suggests future studies should consider using the Weibull model as well as Gompertz model for a technology assessment task. The study also concludes that there would be significant possibilities of being identical or similar between two countries in most fishery technological change patterns with only time lag difference. Based on the result of the study, the statistical test suggests that there could be I denticalness in five areas such as resource cultivation, fishery structural facets, seedling production, diagnosis, and precaution and treatment technologies. These findings may be due to the same characteristics of each technology. The study also finds out that fishery food processing and distribution technology area is significantly different between Korea and Japan due to their own systematic and cultural difference of this area industry and market in each country. The study suggests that further study should put more efforts on finding unique and independent characteristics and differences in each technology area and applying a proper growth fitting model such as Weibull, Gompertz and others respectively.

This paper introduces a new approach method on science and technology level assessment by using growth curve model concept. It may make readers possible to understand in dynamic analysis approach since growth model is rooted on the historical and empirical development of measuring biological growth pattern of plants, animals and viruses, etc. The paper used Gompertz and Weibull models and compared both models or which model might be better fitting. The Gompertz growth curve model has been the only and popular one used to analyze general technology level assessment in Korea for the last ten years since Bark(2007). There has been some arguments about possibility of other substitute model for the matter including Weibull model. Kim and Bark(2015) introduced the Weibull growth curve model to measure the technology level assessment of some fishery areas. This study tries widening its usage for more general scope of technology areas by introducing the result of fishery and construction engineering areas, which are relatively compared in terms of technology characteristics of its own. The study draws possible conclusion to see whether both Gompertz and Weibull models better represent growth pattern of biological oriented ones or which one better fits. Adding to that, the paper tries to see whether science and technology growth patterns of these two concerned areas are similar or identical with time lag between Korea and countries with the state-of-the art including Japan.

The aim of this study is to verify the effect of Korean Wave and cosmetics advertising on recommendation intention of Korean cosmetics in Vietnam. Specifically this study investigated how consumers' attitudes towards Korean cosmetics including Korean Wave, Korean advertising, and national image affect on recommendation intention. To analyze this, it conducted the online survey to 298 women consumers who live in Ho Chi Minh. The characteristics of data such as validity, reliability, and hypothesis verification were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The result of analysis indicates that Korean Wave and Korean national image have a good influence on consumers' attitudes towards Korean cosmetics, and also Korean cosmetics advertising has a directly beneficial effects on consumers' attitudes. For this reason, Korean culture needs not only to be expanded through Korean Wave using K-POP and celebrities but also to be more properly provided for Vietnamese people with improving cultural value and developing new contents. Furthermore, considering the fact that consumers' attitudes towards Korean products directly affect on recommendation intention, Korean companies should try to make a good impression with a sleek design and high quality services. Afterward, the following limitations can be drawn: Firstly, the empirical surveys have just applied to the women consumers in the Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Therefore, it can not represent for other cities. Thus, the investigation should be extended to increase the accuracy and contributions of this study in the future. In addition, assessment procedure of consumer' attitudes to advertising of Korean cosmetics was only performed based on the questionnaires, so the visibility of surveyed consumer was not promoted fully. Finally, the negative trends in Korean dramas, movies, and KPOPs, in Vietnam have not concerned in this study.

Even though Korea is in surplus in the Korea-China trade balance of medical device industry, the current condition is not optimistic because of Chinese policies to expand domestic demand, non-tariff barriers, and political variables. This study aims to understand main problems of our government and companies' entry into China, and then to suggest the analysis and solution measures. First, it aims to examine the structure and current status of Korea-China medical device industry. Second, it aims to analyze the trend and problems of Korea-China medical device industry. Third, it aims to seek for solution measures of Korean medical device industry's entry into China. In order to advance into the China market, a strategy to promote Korean medical device companies and products are needed using the Korean Wave(韓流). Currently, it is important and urgent to continuously promote the brands of Korean companies products by utilizing various marketing channels such as the Internet, TV, movies, smart phones, and wearable technologies. It is necessary to keep up with the various major policies and trends that are changing in China market and continuously foster professionals who can provide feedback to Korean companies in real time. In addition, fast implementation of active medical device policies is needed to make the Korean companies advancement into China market easier and to save time and cost. Korean companies shall try to overcome the strict regulation on the medical devices and protectionism made by Chinese government using the localization strategy and focus their investment in the competitive products group. They shall also try to develop the marketing strategy through various channels to enhance the brand recognition while developing the expert in the trade with China internally. The Korean government also have to make the active and effective policy to help the companies to enter into Chinese markets.

Even though Korea is in surplus in the Korea-China trade balance of medical device industry, the current condition is not optimistic because of Chinese policies to expand domestic demand, non-tariff barriers, and political variables. This study aims to understand main problems of Korean government and companies' entry strategy into China market, and then to suggest the analysis and solution methods. First, it aims to examine the structure of the market and current status of Korea-China medical device industry. Second, it aims to analyze the trend and problems of Korea-China medical device industry. Third, it pursue to seek for solution measures of Korean medical device industry's entry strategy into China market. Our domestic medical device companies should work hard to establish measures to effectively dominate Chinese market, by using the governmental long-term policies, overcoming medical device regulations and non-tariff barriers through the localization strategies in China market, and also producing/distributing competitive products with stability and effectiveness in the world market through the intensive investment in competitive product groups.

The aim of this study is to verify the effect of Korean Wave and cosmetics advertising on recommendation intention of Korean cosmetics in Vietnam. Specifically this study investigated how consumers' attitudes towards Korean cosmetics including Korean Wave, Korean advertising, and national image affect on recommendation intention. To analyze this, it conducted the online survey to 298 women consumers who live in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. The result of analysis indicates that Korean Wave and Korean national image have a good influence on consumers' attitudes towards Korean cosmetics, and also Korean cosmetics advertising has a directly beneficial effects on consumers' attitudes. For this reason, Korean culture needs not only to be expanded through Korean Wave using K-POP and celebrities but also to be more properly provided for Vietnamese people with improving cultural value and developing new contents. Furthermore, considering the fact that consumers' attitudes towards Korean products directly affect on recommendation intention, Korean companies should try to make a good impression with a sleek design and high quality of services.

As Korea is currently becoming a aging society together with urbanization and industrialization, the trend toward the nuclear family and women's advancement in society are frequently shown. The role and function of family are reduced, and it's difficult for family member to care the patients of family, therefore so-called 'care-givers' to care the patients have worked since the 1980s and a high quality care-giving service is needed and important in this society. The current care-giving service system of Korea includes many problems as the above. The above-mentioned problems should be solved as soon as possible, so that care-giving service can be provided reasonably in the social circumstances of Korea.