Earticle

이 논문은 기존의 도시가 부동산 중심의 경제 원리로 형성됐다면 스마트시티는 거주자 생활을 중심으로 한 도시계획 서비스라고 말한다. 이런 스마트시티가 되기 위해서는 각 지역의 철도와 도로 등 도시 인프라를 비 롯해 유통, 의료, 교육의 혁신도 필요하다.하지만 스마트시티가 도시운영체제를 디지털화하는 것으로 끝나는 건 아니다. 스마트시티기반에 메타버스(Metaverse)를 통한 당면한 각종 도시 문제를 해결을 위한 선행연구를 다뤄 보기로 하였다. 도시운영체제를 입히는 도시의 지역적 특성을 살리면 해당 도시에 당면한 문제를 해결하는 미 래의 스마트시티는 과연 어떠한 도시일까? 이에 대한 답변을 하기 위하여 스마트시티기반의 메타버스 (Metaverse)를 통한 도시문제해결을 모색하였다.

The effect of surfactant type on the physicochemical properties of skin lotion formulations was investigated by varying the ethanol and tea tree oil contents as well as the type and amount of surfactant. Dispersed droplet size, surface charge, surface tension, and viscosity were measured. Among the three surfactants tested, HCO 60 produced the smallest droplets. Increasing ethanol content resulted in opacity and larger droplet sizes. Increasing oil content converted transparent formulations with nanometer-sized droplets into opaque ones and reduced surface tension. Viscosity increased in the order OD 16 < TW 80 < HCO 60.

The purpose of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the meaningful life experiences of middle-aged women and comprehensively examine the results of those experiences by systematically comparing, analyzing, interpreting, and synthesizing qualitative research results that explore middle-aged women’s life experiences including menopause, climacteric, and aging. Meta-ethnography proposed by Noblit and Hare was used for qualitative meta-synthesis. The literature was searched in domestic databases: DataBase Periodical Information Academic (DBpia), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), ScienceON, National Assembly Digital Library, Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and Korea Citation Index (KCI). Search terms included ‘middle-aged women,’ ‘life,’ ‘menopause,’ ‘menopause symptoms,’ ‘climacteric,’ ‘aging,’ ‘change,’ ‘perception,’ and ‘adaptation.’ Finally, 13 qualitative studies were analyzed and synthesized. The central experience of Korean middle-aged women’s lives was ‘internal growth and reinterpretation of the meanings of life’, and four themes were derived: ‘understanding of and active responses to physical changes’, ‘acceptance of and internal reflection on emotional changes and active responses to them’, ‘reestablishment of interpersonal relationships with important people centered on family and efforts to adapt to changed relationships’, and ‘reestablishment of self-identity and taking control of life’. The significance of this study is that it reveals that middle-aged women view the changes and challenges in various aspects of life they face in middle age as opportunities for internal growth, discover new meaning and value, and lead their own lives proactively.

신소재(고분자, 금속, 세라믹)는 기존의 재료와는 다른 우수한 특성과 새로운 기능이 있어 우리 인류 복지에 매우 중요하며 우리는 무한대 생존 경쟁에 몰리고 있다. 이 중 무기고분자는 유기고분자의 단점을 보완하는 동시에 새로운 기능성을 가지므로 산업발전에 매우 중요하다. 다양한 무기고분자의 응용분야 중 세라믹 전구체로의 사용은 첨단 산업 분야에 막대한 발전을 초래하였다. 특히 규소를 함유하는 비산화성 세라믹인 탄화규소 (SiC) 및 질화규소 (Si3N4) 세라믹은 그 산업적 용도가 다양하다. 규소 고분자는 원료 물질이 값싸고 중합 수율이 높아서 경제적이고, 분자 내 Si와 C 또는 N의 비율을 자유자제로 조정할 수가 있고, 용융성 또는 용해성이 있으므로 성형가공이 가능하며, 세라믹 잔여 수율을 증대시키기 위해서 여러 화학반응에 의해 가교도 시킬 수가 있다. 열분해 조건에 따라서 SiC와 Si3N4 등 선택의 조절이 쉬우며, 금속과 섞어서 열분해 함으로서 세멧도 제조할 수가 있다. 이런 종류의 연구는 신소재의 총아인 금속, 고분자, 세라믹 연구들이 함께 어우러진 종합 작품이라 할 수 있겠다. 여러 유형의 유기규소 고분자들을 다양하게 합성해서 그 열분해 과정을 좀 더 면밀히 연구한다면 산업적 응용 가능성은 매우 크리라 기대된다.

본 논문은 기존의 도시개발정책에서 경제적 관점에서 가치의 중심을 두었다면 4차산업혁명시대에는 서비스적 가치변환을 추구하고 있다. 시공간을 공유하는 사람 중심의 공간 서비스요, 가치의 용광로가 메타버스라고 한다 면, 오징어게임과 같은 게임이론이 접목된 도시의 미래상을 고려할 필요가 있다. 4차산업 기술과 서비스가 사회 로 침투되면서 도시의 공간 인프라, 동산 부동산, 객체들을 물리적공간과 가상공간에서 인공지능과 빅데이터 분 석이 개입된 각종 형태와 형식의 컨텐츠가 입체적으로 생동감을 얻게 되었다. 특히, 코로나19을 맞아 메타버스기 반 서비스가 대중들에게도 접근하기 시작하면서 지금까지 경험하지 못했던 메타버스 시민의 역할에 대한 필요성 이 대두하게 되었다. 4차산업혁명시대의 스마트도시, 메타버스와 게임이론을 연구하였다.

Personal space is an invisible space around people and plays an important role in human communication. Individual spaces are known to change according to gender and relationships in communication between people. This study examines whether such personal space exists between characters on a metabus. Gender participants took up short personal space, and female participants found that on the Metabus, they changed their personal space according to their intimacy or gender with other people’s characters rather than their own. Male participants are thought to change their personal space according to their personality in case of reason in Metabus. From this, it is thought that the participant continues to have physicality, just as the meta-bus actually has a body. Female participants found that in Metabuses, as in the real world, gender between characters has a similar short personal space, rather than gender, and intimacy between characters. In the case of male participants, it was shown that the closeness between the characters was similar to that of the personal space, but the gender of other characters did not change the personal space. Future validation of personal space for metabus characters requires comparison of shapes of individual spaces and cultures, such as individual characteristics, such as introduction and extroversion of individual space, and experiments of gender. In this experiment, the number of female experiment participants is strongly required in future experiments, as compared with male experiment participants, and the need for various cultural experiments is also required.

In this study, through a survey on traffic safety campaigns for electric wheelchairs for the disabled, we found out what is necessary to solve the inconvenience of disabled people driving electric wheelchairs and living in society. The conclusions for each role of the severely disabled are as follows. The government has enacted a law on fostering convenience facilities for the disabled in accordance with reality so that the disabled, who are vulnerable to transportation, do not have any inconvenience in their social lives. However, it is not kept in reality, so there are many obstacles to the social activities of the disabled. In addition, local governments should subscribe to electric wheelchair insurance for the disabled to minimize the damage to the disabled in the event of an electric wheelchair accident. Organizations related to the disabled provide safety wheelchair driving education to prevent electric wheelchair accidents in advance and receive complaints about inconvenience. It can be concluded that people with severe disabilities can prevent accidents in advance by installing a moving ring tone on an electric wheelchair so that they can know the movement of the surrounding wheelchair.

This study investigated sugar addiction behaviors of female college students, quantified them using a sugar addiction index, and compared their sugar intake and sugar reduction perception according to the degree of sugar addiction. The degree of sugar addiction was classified into four groups by indexing the number of ‘yes’ answers to the sugar addiction behavior questionnaire. General information on the degree of sugar addiction showed differences among the four groups only in body mass index, and sugar consumption habits showed higher scores from A to D, indicating higher consumption of sugary foods. Among sugary foods, the food with the highest frequency of consumption was carbonated beverages, and the foods with a significantly higher frequency of consumption as D progressed were beverages and snacks. Perception of the government's sugar reduction policy and experience with education and campaigns were highest in A and decreased as they went to D. The need for education on reducing sugar intake and the future consumption of reduced-sugar foods were both highly recognized. In conclusion, the sugar intake habits of the female students in this study were higher than the suspicion of sugar addiction, and the sugar intake was higher as the underweight rate increased, and the interest in or experience with reducing sugar intake was low, indicating that the degree of sugar addiction was severe. It is believed that sugar reduction education will continuously require practical programs that can be applied directly to diet while taking into account differences in the degree of sugar addiction.

The unique electronic property of graphene sheets provides potential applications in nanocomposites and fabricating various nicroelectrical devices, such as field-effect transistors, ultrasensitive sensors, and electromechanical resonators. Several effective techniques have been developed for preparing graphene sheets. Among these technique, mechanical exfoliation can produce pure graphene and epitaxial graphene sheets have been prepared by treatment of silicon carbide wafers at high temperature. Recently, graphene sheets have been developed by chemical reduction method from graphene oxide. In this work, we have synthesized graphene sheets based on mechanical exfoliation and chemical reduction methods. Graphene sheets were characterized by field-effect scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The size of graphene sheets was from few hundreds nanometer to decades micrometer.

Lithographic data obtained from PHS(polyhydroxy styrene) having various functionalities were investigated by using a photoacid generator based on diazo and onium type. Chemically amplified photoresist based on the KrF type photoresist was developed by using a photoacid generator and multi-functional resin. Thermal stability for the photoacid generator showed that the increase of loading amount of photoacid generator resulted in the decrease of glass transintion temperature (Tg). The photoacid generators having methyl, ethyl, or propyl group in their cationic structure produced T-top structure in pattern profile due to the effect of acid diffusion during the generation of acid in the resist. The increase of carbon chain length in the anionic structure of photoacid generators resulted in lower pattern resolution due to the interruption of acid diffusion.