Earticle

The crystal structure of the title compounds with both coumarin and sulfonamide moieties were examined. These two groups have very special for their pharmaceutical and medicinal properties have been determined from single crystal Xray diffraction data. In the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimension a=8.5775(4)Å, b= 24.9943(13)Å and c=13.7319(7)Å [alpha & gamma=90o beta= 103.558(2)o]. In the structure The S1 atom shows a distorted tetrahedral geometry, with O1—S1—O2 [121.08 (1)o] and N1-S1-C5 [105.85 (1)o] angles deviating from ideal tetrahedral values are attributed to the Thrope-Ingold effect. The sum of bond angles around N1 (354.9o) indicates that N1 is in sp2 hybridization. The Pyridine ring adopts boat conformation and pyran rings adopt a sofa conformation. Crystal structure is stabilized by C-H…O intra molecular hydrogen bond interactions.

Pyrazole, hydroxyimino, aldehyde and isoxazole derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. With growing application on their synthesis and bioactivity, chemists and biologists in recent years have considerable attention on the research of these derivatives. In the view of potential importance of these derivatives, we have crystallized few of the derivatives and its report has been published. The present study focuses on docking studies of these derivatives against Phospholipases A2 enzyme. This enzymes has implicated as potential targets for anti-inflammatory drug design. co-crystal structure (PDB ID: 1POE) of PLA2 deposited in Protein Data Bank has been retrieved for docking analysis. Docking studies using Schrodinger’s GLIDE reveals that these derivatives shows better binding energy and score in the defined active site. These results may provide a guiding role to design a lead molecule which may reduce inflamation.

Caspases, a family of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases plays a central role in the regulation and the execution of apoptotic cell death. Activation of caspases-3 stimulates a signaling pathway that ultimately leads to the death of the cell. Hence, caspase-3 has been proven to be an effective target for reducing the amount of cellular and tissue damage. In this work, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed on a series of 3, 4- dihydropyrimidoindolones derivatives which are inhibitors of caspase-3. The best predictions were obtained for CoMFA model (q2 =0.676, r2 =0.990). The predictive ability of test set (r2 pred) was 0.688. Statistical parameters from the generated QSAR models indicated the data is well fitted and have high predictive ability. Our theoretical results could be useful to design novel and more potent caspase-3 derivatives.

To simplify the different biological investigation of the methanolic extract and solvent-solvent partitioning of Lablab purpures (L. purpures) bark. In-vitro anti-oxidant study was determined using total DPPH radical scavenging assay. In vitro antimicrobial study was measured by observing zone of inhibition. The cytotoxic activity was studied using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and thrombolytic activity by clot disruption method. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteau reagents using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. The Aqueous soluble fraction revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 48.76 μg/mL). The antimicrobial screening of the bark of L. purpures exhibited mild to moderate activity in test microorganisms. The CSF showed the maximum relative percentage inhibition against Salmonella parathyphi (34.2%) for bacteria and C. albicans (28.8%) for fungi whereas, lowest relative percentage inhibition against Sarcina lutea (22.0%) for bacteria and Aspergillus niger (24.4%) for fungi. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, The LC50 values of Carbon tetrachloride and N-Hexane soluble fraction were found 92.18 μg/mL, and 68.95 μg/mL respectively while the LC50 values of standard Vincristine sulphate was 1.37 μg/mL. The methanolic extract and its organic soluble fractions of Lablab purpureus at concentration 2.0 mg/mL, significantly protected the lysis of erythrocyte membrane induced by hypotonic solution and heat as compared to the standard, acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL). The MSF and AQSF produced 61.48 % and 53.75% inhibition of hemolysis of RBC caused by hypotonic solution respectively, whereas acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) showed 76.42%. Ethanol extract of L. purpures and all of its different partitions exhibited moderate thrombolytic activity of 37.25%-2.40%. Very good preliminary screening and simplified experiments were able to show the different biological activity of methanolic extract and its soluble fractions of L. purpures at a time.

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is significant material in electrical and optical devices for their ferroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties. In this research, PZT films were fabricated by reactive RF co-sputtering method using Pb, Zr, and Ti targets. From XPS study, lead, zirconium, and titanium are successfully deposited on Si(100) substrate. Thickness of PZT films was measured with a surface profiler and the thickness was decreased as the oxygen gas ratio increased in the sputter gas.

Determination of cobalt(III) ion with a perfluorinated sulfonated polymer-ethylenediamine (nafion-en) modified glassy carbon electrode is studied. It is based on the chemical reactivity of an immobilized layer, nafion-en, to yield complex [Co(en)3]3+. The reduction peak potential by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is observed at - 0.437±0.047 V (vs. Ag/ AgCl). The linear calibration curve is obtained in cobalt(III) ion concentration range 1.0×10-8~1.0× 10-3 M (5.893×10-12~ 5.893×10-5 g/mL).

As the requirement on the quality of the system has increased, the reliability is very important part in terms of enhance stability and to provide high quality services to customers. Many statistical models have been developed in the past years for the estimation of software reliability. We consider the functions for NHPP software reliability model and time series model in software failure data. We estimate parameters for the proposed models from three data sets. The values of SSE and MSE is presented from three data sets. We compare the predicted number of faults with the actual three data sets using the NHPP software reliability model and time series model.

Average number of samples to signal (ANSS) and average time to signal (ATS) are the most widely used criterion for comparing the efficiencies of the quality control charts. In this study the method of evaluating ANSS and ATS values of the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts with Markov chain approach was presented when the production process is in control state or out of control state. Through numerical results, it is found that when the number of transient state r is less than 50, the calculated ANSS and ATS values are unstable; and ATS(r) tends to be stabilized when r is greater than 100; in addition, when the properties of multivariate EWMA control chart is evaluated using Markov chain method, the number of transient state r requires bigger values when the smoothing constatnt λ becomes smaller.

National-wide and/or large scale sample surveys generally use complex sample design. Traditional Pearson chi-square test is not appropriate for the categorical complex sample data. Rao-Scott suggested an adjustment method for Pearson chi-square test, which uses the average of eigenvalues of design matrix of cell probabilities. This study is to compare the efficiency of Rao-Scott first order adjusted test to Wald test for homogeneity between two populations using 2009 Gyeongnam regional education offices's customer satisfaction survey (2009 GREOCSS) data. The 2009 GREOCSS data were collected based on stratified three-stage cluster sampling with probability proportional to size. The empirical results show that the Rao-Scott adjusted test statistic using only the variances of cell probabilities is very close to the Wald test statistic, which uses the covariance matrix of cell probabilities, under the 2009 GREOCSS data based. However it is necessary to be cautious to use the Rao-Scott first order adjusted test statistic in the place of Wald test because its efficiency is decreasing as the relative variance of eigenvalues of the design matrix of cell probabilities is increasing, specially more when the number of degrees of freedom is small.

The main objective of this study is to analyse the influence factors of snowfall enhancement by glaciogenic seeding in a mountainous area. Twenty-five seeding experiments have been conducted during the period of February to April 2010. To use two rates seeding experiments (SR1: 1.04 g min-1, SR2: 2.08 g min-1) have been tested to get an appropriate ratio for snowfall enhancement at Daegwallyeong area. The conditions of seeding are able as followings: surface temperature <0oC, wind speed <5 m/s, wind direction between 0 and 130o. The experiment results indicated that in the case of SR1 was more effective than SR2. The number of small ice particles below 1.0 mm was increased during seeding period measured by PARSIVEL disdrometer near generator. Most of snowfall enhancement by seeding was observed the inflow of the easterly wind blew in toward Gangwon regions from the East Sea and the supersaturated supercooled liquid water due to orographic effect.