Earticle

Because of the equivalence between control chart procedures and hypothesis testing, we propose to use likelihood ratio test (LRT) statistic Z2i as the multivariate control statistic for simultaneous monitoring means of the multivariate normal process. Properties and comparisons of the proposed control charts are explored and conducted for matched fixed sampling interval (FSI) and variable sampling interval (VSI) with two sampling interval charts. The result of numerical comparisons shows that EWMA chart with two sampling interval procedure is more efficient than the corresponding FSI chart for small or moderate changes. When large shift of the process has occurred, we also found that Shewhart chart is more efficient than EWMA chart.

Measurement error is one of main source of error in survey. It is generally defined as the difference between an observed value and an underlying true value. An observed value with error may be expressed as a function of the true value plus error term. In some cases, the measurement error variance may be also a function of the unknown true value. The error variance function can be rewritten as a function of true value multiplied by a scale factor. This research explore methods for estimation of the measurement error variance based on the data from complex sampling design. We consider the case in which the variance of mesurement error is a linear function of unknown true value, and the error variance scale factor is small. We applied our results to the U.S. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (the U.S. NHANES Ⅲ) data for empirical analyses, which has replicate measurements for relatively small subset of initial respondents's group.

UV spectrophotometer was used to detect protein-DNA complex from DNA melting profile under constant temperature increase. Melting temperature (Tm) was 43oC in copA duplex DNA alone. In the presence of Proteus mirabilis transcription regulator protein (PMTR) protein at 0.2 and 0.4 μM, Tm’s were 45 ± 0.5 and 47.6 ± 0.6oC, respectively. According to fluorescence polarization and gel shift assay. PMTR:copA complex was detected by the retarded migration on gel and the dissociation constant (Kd) was (9.2 ± 2.8) × 10-9 M.

Gal (1-3) receptors are members of GPCR superfamily with seven transmembrane helices. The neuropeptide galanin mediates its effects through the receptor subtypes Gal1, Gal2, and Gal3 and has been implicated in anxiety and depression related behaviors. Galanin receptors are considered to be important targets for the development of novel antidepressant drugs. Owing to the importance of these receptors, a short communication about the sequential and structural studies about the functional Galanin (1-3) receptors has been reported. Structural studies have been hampered due to the lack of Xray crystal structures. However with the availability of templates with close homologs comparative modeling could be encouraging. Sequence analysis was done for each receptors and homology modeling of each receptors were done with recently reported templates. Comparative analyses were done between these receptors to identify the relationships between them sequentially. Phylogram was generated between these receptors to identify the close homologue between this receptor and found that Gal2 and Gal3 receptors are closer. Our results could be useful for further structure based drug design targeting Gal1, Gal2 and Gal3 receptors.

Oxepane high explosives substituted to explosive group such as azido, nitrato and hydrazino are investigated theoretically the acid catalyzed reaction using the semiempirical MINDO/3, MNDO and AM1 methods to use as the guidelines of high explosives. The nucleophilicity and basicity of oxepane high explosives can be explained by the value of negative charge on oxygen atom of oxepane and the reactivity in propagation step can be represented by the value of positive charge on carbon atom and low electrophile LUMO energy. It was known that carbenium ion was favorable due to the stable energy (19.507~32.101 Kcal/mol) between oxonium ion and carbenium ion in the process of cyclic oxonium ion of oxepane high explosives being converted to open carbenium ion in oxepane high explosives. The value of concentration of cyclic oxonium ion and open carbenium ion in equilibrium status was found to be a major determinant of mechanism, it was expected to react faster in the prepolymer propagation step in SN1 mechanism than in that of SN2.

In this paper, For 4th generation wireless communication systems, we propose a method to predict FH patterns in FHOFDMA systems. OFDM is recognized as a promising modulation technique. Multi-user allocation in OFDM system can use FH that provides the spectrum-spread techniques. If one can generate more predictable FH sequences, then performance of the system can be easily improved. Current random FH and simple adaptive FH methods, however, are not considering predicting FH sequences. In this paper we show that the sampling of the wireless faded signal is not realized as a certain probability nature. With this regard, the proposed predictive FH allocation method is designed to embed the unknown probability models. Simulation study shows that the predictive FH method is more accurately predict FH sequences than the random or simple adaptive FH methods. We will further improve this proposed method to apply QoS control and MAC function development in OFDMA based wireless physical structures, especially maritime wireless data communications.

For the mean vector of a p-variate normal distribution (p≥3), the optimal estimation within the class of James-Stein type decision rules under the quadratic loss are given when the underlying distribution is that of a variance mixture of normals and when the norm 􀃧􀃧 􀄇 􀄾 􀃧􀃧 in known. It also demonstrated that the optimal estimation within the class of Lindley type decision rules under the same loss when the underlying distribution is the previous type and the norm 􎂴􀄾 􀃠􀄇 􀄾 􀄇 􀃎􎂴with 􀄇 􀄾 􀃡 􀄇 􀆎 􀃎 􀄁 􀆇 􀃡 􀃎 􀆌 􀄾􀆇 and 􀄇 􀃎 􀃡 􀃞􀃎􀃬􀁺􀃬􀃎􀃟􍿁 is known.

Human P-gp is one of the protein responsible for the multidrug resistance (MDR) develpment. MDR is a major cause of the cancer chemotherapy. In this paper, we performed homology modeling, docking study of papayriferic acid into the P-gp nucleotide binding domain (NBD2). For human P-gp, X-ray crystal structure is not known yet. We developed homology model for human NBD2 using HlyB ABC transporter structure (PDB code: 1XEF, resolution 2.5 Å). Docking study was performed using Autodock. Docking result was analyzed, which shows that ligand docks into steroid binding site and interacts through hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions.

Because of the equivalence between control chart procedures and hypothesis testing, we propose to use likelihood ratio test (LRT) statistic as the multivariate control statistic for simultaneous monitoring means of the multivariate normal process. Properties and comparisons of the proposed control charts are explored and conducted for matched fixed sampling interval (FSI) and variable sampling interval (VSI) with two sampling interval charts. The result of numerical comparisons shows that EWMA chart with two sampling interval procedure is more efficient than the corresponding FSI chart for small or moderate changes. When large shift of the process has occurred, we also found that Shewhart chart is more efficient than EWMA chart.

Circadian rhythms govern a remarkable variety of metabolic and physiological functions. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that the disruption of circadian rhythms might be directly linked to cancer. Intriguingly, several molecular gears constituting the clock machinery have been found to establish functional interplays with regulators of the cell cycle, and alterations in clock function could lead to aberrant cellular proliferation. In addition, connections between the circadian clock and cellular metabolism have been identified that are regulated by chromatin remodelling. This suggests that abnormal metabolism in cancer could also be a consequence of a disrupted circadian clock. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular links that connect the circadian clock to the cell cycle and metabolism could provide therapeutic benefit against certain human neoplasias.