Earticle

Detection of DMNB by chemo sensors has been proved difficult because of their high lying LUMO level. Recently reported 4 different types of sensory materials for detection of DMNB were discussed. The focus of this review mainly lied on the sensitivity and feasibility for field use. Different strategies and approaches from different platforms for sensing DMNB is studied.

The peptide sequences, GHK(Gly-His-Lys) and KTTKS(Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser), using a collagen stimulator recently were manipulated at N-terminal as a multifunctional peptide derivative with PEG (polyethyleneglycol) linker connected to gallic acid which presents anti-inflammatory activity. The multifunctional peptide derivatives were obtained in a normal peptide preparation method through SPPS(solid phase peptide synthesis) using Fmoc chemistry and a carboxyl group insertion reaction of PEG-3,4,5-triacetoxy benzoate by using potassium tert-butoxide and ethyl bromoacetate, which was separated by Sephadex DEAE. It gave a good compromise to a cosmetic application for cell cytotoxicity, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammation.

The crystal structure of the potential active 6-ethoxy-3-phenyl-5a,9a-dihydro-3H-chromen[4,3 -c][1,2]oxazole-3a(4H)- carbonitrile (C19H15N2O3) has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with unit cell dimension a= 29.3026(9) Å, b= 6.7695(2) Å and c= 19.7597(6) Å [α= 90°, β= 125.709 (10)° and γ= 90°]. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by slow evaporation method, the isoxazole and six membered pyran rings adopts envelope conformation. The crystal packing of the molecules is stabilized by the weak C-H…N hydrogen bond interaction.

The crystal structure of the potential active Methyl 8-bromo-3-phenyl-5a,9a-dihydro-3H- chromen [4,3-c][1,2] isoxazole- 3a(4H)- carboxylate (C18H15BrNO4) has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī with unit cell dimension a=8.3129 (3) Å, b=9.5847 (4) Å and c= 11.1463(4) Å [α= 98.457(3)°, β= 102.806(2)° and γ= 105.033(5)°]. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by slow evaporation method, the isoxazole and six membered pyran rings adopts envelope conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of inter molecular C-H…O hydrogen bonds to form dimmers.

Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is an attractive cancer target due to its high expression levels in a wide range of cancer cells. Mps1 is a dual specificity kinase. It plays an essential role in mitosis. The high expression od Mps1 was observed in various grades of breast cancers. In the current study, we have developed a CoMFA model of pyridazine derivatives as Mps1 kinase inhibitors. The developed CoMFA model (q2=0.797; ONC=6; r2=0.992) exhibited a good predictive ability. The model was then validated by Leave out five, progressive sampling and bootstrapping and found to be robust. The analysis of the CoMFA contour maps depicted favorable and unfavorable regions to enhance the activity. Bulky positive substitution at R3 position and Negative substitution in R1 position is favored could increase the activity. In contrast, bulky substitution in R1 position is not favored. Our results can be used in designing a potent Mps1 (TTK) inhibitor.

CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a prominent chemokine receptor on neutrophils. The neutrophilic inflammation in the lung diseases is found to be largely regulated through CXCR2 receptor. Antagonist of CXCR2 may reduce the neutrophil chemotaxis and alter the inflammatory response. Hence, in the present study, ligand based Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed on a series of CXCR2 antagonist named pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile-6- alkyl derivatives. The optimum CoMFA model was obtained with statistically significant cross- validated coefficients (q2) of 0.568 and conventional coefficients (r2) of 0.975. The contour maps suggest the important structural modifications and this study can be used to guide the development of potent CXCR2 antagonist.

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor (5-HT7R) 7 is one of G-Protein coupled receptors, which is activated by the neurotransmitter Serotonin. After activation by serotonin, 5-HT7 activates the production of the intracellular signaling molecule cyclic AMP. 5-HT7 receptor has been found to be involved in the pathophysiology of various disorders. It is reported that 5-HT7 receptor antagonists can be used as antidepressant agents. In this study, we report the important structural and chemical parameters for 2-methoxyphenylpiperazinylakanamides as 5-HT7R inhibitors. A 3D QSAR study based on comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed. The best predictions were obtained for the best CoMFA model with q2 of 0.594 with 6 components, r2 of 0.986, Fisher value as 60.607, and an estimated standard error of 0.043. The predictive ability of the test set was 0.602. Results obtained the CoMFA models suggest that the data are well fitted and have high predictive ability. The contour maps are generated and studied. The contour analyses may serve as tool in the future for designing of novel and more potent 5-HT7R derivatives.

KiSS1-derived peptide receptor, a GPCR protein, binds with the hormone kiss peptin. They are important in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction and in the secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Thus, analysing the structural features of the receptor becomes important. However, the three dimensional structure of the protein is unavailable. Hence in this study, we have performed the homology modelling of KiSS1-derived peptide receptor with 5 different templates. 30 models were constructed using two platforms – Easymodeller and ITasser. The optimal models were chosen based on the model validation. Two models were selected after validation. The developed models could provide useful for analysing the structural features of KiSS1-derived peptide receptor and their pathophysiological role in various disorders related to them.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the emotion effects on academic achievement for university students. The results are as follows. Resulting on the each emotions difference by the statistical variables, anxiety scores by gender showed a significant difference in the p<.01 level(F=7.685). The males anxiety(2.478, standard deviation: 0.180) had significantly lower scores than females(3.076, standard deviation: 0.168). But fear, anger, activity, and sociability scores were not significantly different respectively between male and female students. To see the emotions effect of academic achievement, the analysis method of the linear regression line was used. As the result, anxiety, fear, anger, activity, and sociability did not significantly influence academic achievement. And so unlike previous methods, the analysis method of the quadratic regression curve was used. As the result, anxiety, fear, anger, activity, and sociability showed did significantly influence academic achievement respectively within 5% of statistical significance level, to more than F=3.06. Therefore, the values on academic achievement of the each anxiety, fear, anger, activity, and sociability showed a quadratic regression curve. That is, [Academic achievement]=-0.9685×[Anxiety]2+5.1342× [Anxiety]+8.2679,[Academic achievement]= -1.0638×[Fear]2+5.5694×[Fear]+7.5635,[Academic achievement]=-1.3497×[Anger]2+9.1284× [Anger]+0.6720,[Academic achievement]=-1.0589×[Activity]2+7.4386×[Activity]+1.8272,[Academic achievement]=-1.6830× [Sociability]2+11.2325× [Sociability]-3.8258. Therefore, we were able to determine the following conclusions. First, we were able to predict the degree of academic achievement by the each emotions scale. Second, when the each emotion scores of students was a moderate, the academic achievement was most excellent. So, in order for the students to become higher academic achievement, the maintenance of medium degree of the each emotions scores is required.

Arbitrary polynomial of degree n can be written in Chebyshev form. In this paper, we generalize this Chebyshev form and study its root distributions.

Applying image processing techniques to education, the face of the learner is photographed, and expression and movement are detected from video, and the system which estimates degree of concentration of the learner is developed. For one learner, the measuring system is designed in terms of estimating a degree of concentration from direction of line of learner’s sight and condition of the eye. In case of multiple learners, it must need to measure each concentration level of all learners in the classroom. But it is inefficient because one camera per each learner is required. In this paper, position in the face region is estimated from video which photographs the learner in the class by the difference between frames within the motion direction. And the system which detects the face direction by the face part detection by template matching is proposed. From the result of the difference between frames in the first image of the video, frontal face detection by Viola-Jones method is performed. Also the direction of the motion which arose in the face region is estimated with the migration length and the face region is tracked. Then the face parts are detected to tracking. Finally, the direction of the face is estimated from the result of face tracking and face parts detection.