Earticle

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the correlations among the knowledge,attitude and preventive infection behaviors regarding AIDS of general hospital nurses. Methods: Participants were 314 nurses who have been working for a C hospital in Gcity. Data were collected from December 3, 2012 to December 14, 2012 after the informedconsents were obtained from the participants with the help of nursing department. Results: Knowledge based on general characteristics was not different significantly. AIDS attitudes showed significant differences by age, marital status, religion andworkplace and preventive infection behaviors, by age, position, duration of clinicalexperience. Significant correlations were not observed among the knowledge, attitude andpreventive infection behaviors regarding AIDS. Conclusions: This study showed that the knowledge of nurses regarding AIDS willneed to be improved by systematic training, and, rather than preventive infectionbehaviors simply based on knowledge, a training program that includes physical, mental,and social aspects based on the latest information.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify drinking form and analyzeaffecting factors of emergency medical technology students. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using the SPSS WIN18.0 and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Results: In factors of the monthly drinking frequency, start drinking(middle school),smoking, pocket money, education level of mother were statistically profitable(p<.05). In factors of the monthly drinking too much frequency, gender, education level of mother, start drinking(high school), economical level were statistically profitable(p<.05). In factors of subjective model of drinking, discord with parents, education level of mother, age were statistically profitable(p<0.05). Conclusion: Teacher and the authorities of school and government must knowseriousness and importance of drinking and endeavor to solve the problem and prepare the political plan and solution.

Objectives: Since juveniles' unhealthy diets, and their problematic behavior resultingfrom drinking cause serious harm to those who are in a period of growth, we attemptedto find out the relationship between juveniles' dietary habits and their drinking alcohol. Methods: The data was collected from 74,186 people in a 2012 web-based survey ofKorean juveniles' health behavior, which was jointly conducted by the Ministry ofEducation, Science, and Technology, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the KoreaCenters for Disease Control. This study conducted a logistic regression analysis usingSPSS 18.0. Results: Juveniles who consume fast food at least once in a day have a significantlyhigher chance of binge drinking (OR=3.063, 95% CI=2.332∼4.023), problematicdrinking(OR=6.041, 95% CI=4.947∼7.379) than those who don't. It also indicates thatjuveniles who don't eat breakfast have a significantly higher chance of binge drinking(OR=1.358, 95% CI=1.158∼1.593), problematic drinking(OR=1.762 95% CI=1.548∼2006) than those who eat breakfast every day. Conclusions: Irregular breakfast or a frequent intake of fast food causes problematicdrinking, and binge drinking. Therefore, when planning programs for the prevention of juvenile drinking, it seems necessary to include education of healthy dietary habits.

Objectives: University students's oral health care practice and oral health status arevery important. Because its affect their systemic disease, so as to have confidence, and tobe eager to study. However if they feel dental fear, they avoid dental treatment. It ismiss opportunities of early treatment and prevention treatment and have little effect ondental treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing dentalfear of university students to reduce their dental fear. Methods: A total of 366 self-administered questionnaires were collected from universitystudent in Cheon-an. To investigate the factors influencing dental fear of universitystudents, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, linear regression analysis werecarried out by using SPSS ver. 18.0Results: University students feel the most fear of specific dental stimuli. Especially,‘Feeling the needle injected’. University Students felt dental fear in order of ‘fear ofspecific dental stimuli’, ‘physiologic arousal’, ‘avoidance fear’. ‘Feeling the needle injected’,they felt severe dental fear. ‘My muscles become tense’ of Symptoms they feel dental fearwas the most frequent Sex affects avoidance fear, physiologic arousal, fear of specificdental stimuli and dental fear. Femal feel more its than male. The time since last dentalclinic visit affects physiologic arousal, fear of specific dental stimuli and dental fear. Group do not visit the dental clinic within a year feel more its than others. Conclusions: To reduce dental fear in university students, it is necessary to makethem visit dental clinics frequently and dental staffs consider their sex. Therefore,Department of dental hygiene and dentistry must be added the management of dentalfear of the curriculum. In addition, it must be emphasized that to visit dental clinics frequently for university students.

Objectives: This study examined the factors affecting the quality of life relating to oralhealth using OHIP-14 of college students. Also, this was to help college students toenhance their oral health. Methods: A Total of 334 self-administered questionnaires were collected from university student in Cheon -an. The statistical methods used for data analysis were the descriptive statistics, Independent samples t -test, One-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis. Results: First, A month pocket money and coffee consumption were significantlyrelated to functional and physical Oral health foctor. Second, A month pocket money and coffee consumption were significantly related to Mental and social Oral health foctor. Finally, multiple linear regression analysis showed that a month pocket money, coffee consumption have a negative effect on the quality of life relating to oral health, Whereas an experience of oral health education a positive effect on this. Conclusion: Oral health related quality of life should be improved by investigating thefactors affecting oral health and thus developing the program enhancing the oral health to prevent oral disease. In addition, in order to health promotion physical, mental, social, including the oral health, program development and research incessant must be carried out.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of ‘affirmativelanguage’ experiment upon freshmen nursing students’ negative affect, self-efficacy andstress coping style. Methods: A nonequivalent control quasi‐experiment was conducted on the subjects of55 freshmen nursing students for 26(experimental group) and 29(control group). Datawere analyzed using x2-test and t-test for participants’ homogeneity test and conductedcontent analysis of process diary record and personal impressions. Results: As for negative affect, in case of the experimental group, depression(t=-2.384,p=.022) and anxiety(t=-2.243, p=.025) were significantly low with no difference for thecontrol group. As for self-efficacy, both experimental and control groups showedsignificance and as for stress coping style, the control group used sub-categorizedstrategies better than the experimental group. There were 4 topics and subsequent 15topics derived from the content analysis. ‘Affirmative language’ experiment showedalleviation of depression and anxiety helpful for study participants in self‐reportingmeasurement, and helpful for stress self‐management competence. Conclusion: It is necessary to connect the curriculum operation with interest of competence and practice of students stress self‐management through the participatingexperiment experience.

Objectives: This study examined the effects of middle school students emotionalintelligence on their aggressiveness and interpersonal relationships. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 316 middle school students inDaegu city. To analyze the sample survey data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA,pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression analysis were performed withSPSS/PC 18.0 program. Results: First, among the general characteristic differences, academic achievement andeconomic status yielded a significant difference in emotional intelligence. Gender,economic status, and educational background produced a significant difference inaggressiveness, while gender, academic achievement, and economic status showed asignificant difference in interpersonal relationships. Second, an examination of thecorrelation among emotional intelligence, aggressiveness, and interpersonal relationshipsfound that the higher the emotional intelligence, the lower the aggressive, and the higherthe interpersonal relationships. Third, general characters and emotional intelligenceexplain 22% of agressiveness. Gender, age, economic status, and emotional intelligencehave a significant influence on agressiveness. Fourth, the general characters andemontional intelligence explain 45,5% of interpersonal relationships. The economic statusand emotional intelligence have a significant influence on the interpersonal relationship. Conclusion: Based on the results, the study is of great importance, in that it providesthe basis for future studies, which can be used to help school teachers and students’ parents understand the importance of adolescents emotional intelligence and promote the students’ quality school life.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify agreement between smartphone addiction(SA) and perceived SA among adolescents. Methods: This survey was done with 394 subjects conveniently sampled from elementary school (ES), middle school (MS), academic (AHS) and vocational (VHS) high school. The data were collected from June 20 to July 20, 2013 with self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Cohen’s kappa (κ). Results: High risk of SA showed 2.8% in total, 1.0% in ES, 2.1% in MS, 4.1% inAHS, and 4.0% in VHS, which was statistically different by type of school (p<0.001). Perceived SA showed 22.6% in total, 9.0% in ES, 21.9% in MS, 33.7% in AHS, and26.0% in VHS, which was statistically different by type of school (p=0.003). Theagreement between SA and perceived SA was 82.0% (κ=0.54) in total, 91.8% (κ=0.53)in ES, 75.0% (κ=0.33) in MS, 77.5% (κ=0.53) in AHS, and 84.8% (κ=0.65) in VHS. Conclusion: The agreement between SA and perceived SA showed moderate in general, but fair in MS. It is suggested to develop step-by-step activities to reduce the gapbetween SA and perceived SA among adolescen, in particular, middle school students.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between perceived oral health and oral health status, oral health symptoms in elementary school students. Methods: Oral examination and oral hygiene survey were performed on 446 students in 5th grade from 4 elementary schools in Wonju, Gangwon province. Oral examinationassessed decayed teeth, filled teeth, missing teeth from decay. Then, oral hygiene status was evaluated by O'Leary index and self-reported questionnaires were surveyed. We analysed the collected data using SPSS program ver. 20.0, significant difference level was p<0.05. Results: 38.4% of the subjects rated their oral health as poor, 61.6% as good, femalestudents was worried about their appearances than male students. Their decayed teeth was 1.01, missed teeth was 0.01, filled teeth was 1.75, O'Leary index was 64.49, oral hygiene status of them was poor. Perceived oral health was associated to decayed teeth, DMFT, oral health symptoms except tooth fracture and pain of mucosa (p<0.05). However, there is no correlation between perceived oral health and oral hygiene status (p>0.05) Conclusion: Self-rated oral health status of the elementary school students wasrelated to decayed teeth and oral health symptoms, but it was not related to oral hygiene status. Therefore it was needed to improve the oral hygiene status in elementarystudents by devise effective way to motivate them.

Objectives: The purpose of this analysis was to assess the maternal and child healthprogram in Lao PDR, which was implemented to reduce maternal and child mortality inLaos. Target areas for the project included 2 provinces (Xiengkhuang, Houaphan) with all 18 districts within them. The beneficiaries of this project included 121,000 childbearing women and 62,000 children under 5 years old (LSIS, 2012). Methods: In this study, it was done for efficiency evaluation of the assistance projects of the health sector of maternal and child health promotion program in Laos that tookplace from 2010 to 2013. We conducted a cost-benefit analysis for the evaluation of theeffectiveness of that program was being carried out effectively. Results: This evaluation adopted the Cost-Benefit analysis approach. Key findings ofthe Cost-Benefit analysis are the following: The Benefit-Cost Ratio of 1.012, Net Present Value of 84,250,000 Korean Won, an estimated Internal Rate of Return of 10.12%. These findings suggest that project activities were efficiently implemented. Conclusion: As a result, maternal and child health project in Laos has been analyzed that there was economic efficiency. Therefore, It is considered necessary and continued support expansion of program in the future. The direction of maternal and child health project in Laos, approach and community policy support must be included. Integrated approach between the program approach and overall health should be performed for healthy life habit.