Earticle

The purpose of research is to contribute to building a practical marketing strategy for parents who choose an education tourism commodity,With understanding of the differences of satisfaction depending on parents’' personal values. The result of research says that there is satisfaction distinction of choosing an education tourism commodity between one group pursuing stable values and the other group pursuing successful values. Also, it assures that satisfaction has meaningful effects on recommendation intention and re-purchase. Especially, it will be very important to realize the characteristics of a purchaser since the purchaser and the consumer are different as the feature of an education tourism commodity and we assume that to understand the purchaser’'s tendency will affect significantly on marketing field.

Most airport operators in the hub competition are seeking to secure high level of service to passengers. They allow concessionaires to provide various services to passenger by contracting with concessionaires including duty free shops and restaurants. An airport operator needs to manage the network with them to ensure that passengers are satisfied with the service quality and that prices and quality are competitive with those of neighboring airports. The effects of interaction between the two mediating variables - trust by the bilateral governance mechanism and influence by the unilateral governance mechanism - are hypothesized to have a positive impact on long-term orientation and forbearance of opportunistic behaviors. The pure hub type airport operators are found to monitor concessionaires more than the Incheon Airport operator does. There is no significant difference in the other unilateral governance mechanism between the two types of airports. The result of the analysis discovered that the interaction effects between trust by the bilateral governance mechanism and influence by the unilateral governance mechanism are not significant in having an impact on long-term orientation and forbearance of opportunistic behaviors. However, since both trust and influence have positive influence on long-term orientation and forbearance of opportunistic behaviors, it can be inferred that the integral type of governance type in which both bilateral and unilateral governance mechanism are adopted simultaneously is adequate.

In recent days, the improvement of communicative competence is increasingly stressed in English education sector, and the number of native English-speaking teachers is on the rise. In fact, however, there have been few careful efforts to find out the effects of English instruction by native instructors. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of instruction by native instructors on anxiety and risk-taking. In this study, how the two kinds of instruction would affect the English-speaking anxiety and risk-taking of learners was investigated as well, since the two were viewed as integral affective variables linked to communicative competence acquisition. As a few domestic earlier studies had catered to elementary and secondary students, this study focused on university students.

The studies related to leadership, job satisfaction and organizational performance are gathering strength and moreover, the speed of change is becoming an essential factor in air transportation business of which speed of change is faster and competition is more intense than any other businesses. The purpose of this study closely examined Leadership among airline employees in catering department in a way to expand the scope of study related to leadership. This study also examined the effect of subordinate factors of leadership on employees' job satisfaction and performance and effect of job satisfaction on job performance, and clarified differences based on demographical characteristics. Upon these data, this study was conducted to suggest a desirable way forward in human resources management as well as supply substantial data for effectively managing human resources in airline catering business. The results of the empirical analysis of the study are presented below. In middle manager’'s transformational leadership of the airline catering business, the two factors, individual consideration and intellectual communication had an affirmative effect on job satisfaction, while only individual consideration positively influenced on job performance. Also job satisfaction resulted from manager’'s transformational leadership affected job performance in the affirmative. We concluded that this study contributed to furnishing empirical data and guiding effective human resource management. However, because of the limit of taking manager’'s transformational leadership as a research objective, in the catering business, the human resource management might be more concentrated by comparing transactional leadership with transformational leadership. Additionally the research range in the study should be covered up to chief executive officer of a corporate because only middle managers were treated as a objective of leadership. The results of the empirical analysis of the study are presented below. Only contingent reward, in the transactional leadership, had an affirmative effect on job satisfaction and job performance of the airlines catering employees. So the contingent reward was applied to the employees more efficiently than exceptional management in the transactional leadership. Moreover, in the study, we have shown that job satisfaction resulted from manager’'s leadership affected job performance in the affirmative. Therefore the manger’'s leadership should to be trained to increase the job satisfaction of the employees. Even though the study brought up an issue of the human resource management with empirical data in the airline catering business, there were some of limitations of the study, just focusing on the job satisfaction and job performance in the field of transactional leadership. So the research should be covered in the aspect of manager’'s transformational leadership, as well as the dependent variables of the employees’'behavior as its objectives. We suggest that the study indicate the research limitation and necessity of longitudinal study for the analysis of the influence between variables, because the theory was mainly based on cross-sectional data within a certain period of time.

The purpose of this study is to find out leisure constraints of the elderly and to examine how these constraints influence their participation in leisure activities and life satisfaction. The data analysis of 281 senior citizens over 60 years old were conducted, the research results are as follows: fist, leisure constraints of senior citizens stem from individual, societal, economic, family constraints. it indicates that any one of constraints did not exclusively determine leisure constraints. Rather, the result implies that leisure constraints for the elderly is from multifaceted levels of social system. Second, participation in leisure activities positively worked on life satisfaction. Third, leisure constraints of the elderly directly influenced their participation in leisure activities and life satisfaction. In conclusion, to revitalize senior citizens' participation in leisure activities is critical in advancing their life satisfaction. Nationwide positive and supportive social environment for their leisure participation should be established first, on which social and legal systems should be consequently organized. At the same time, social supports to provide opportunities for their leisure participation are required for the future senior citizens.

The Purpose of this study is investigating the franchisee's recognitions, problems and improvable method on the production system in the franchisee industries and giving the useful research dates that increase competitiveness to those who operates food service franchise system in korea. To attain objects of this study, the literature review and empirical study was done. The results of this study on the franchisee's recognition on the product-supply system of franchisee corporation are as follows; First, the list of high ranked factors in the production system are the management system, quality of raw materials, quality of food products, quality of food sanitation and raw material cost. The most franchisee recognize that the establishment of a franchise system infrastructure and the physical distribution are the best important issues. Second, the list of high ranked factors of an efficiency in the kitchen areas are the product differentiation, distribution system and raw material cost. 'The most franchisee are satisfied with the product differentiation and distribution system but they are unsatisfied with raw material costs. Last, the comments on the physical distribution of franchisee are suggested.

This study aimed at understanding the knowledge business performance of service quality within an Foodservice industry have with the word-of-mouth. And we also looked into how such a knowledge business performance changes depending on the leadership of the supervisors and the efforts for self-development by the members of the service quality. The data was collected from 440 people in hotel and then analyzed by using SPSS/WIN 15.0 software package. Upon putting the questionnaires into a coding process, we conducted frequency analysis, Scheffe’'s method and multiple regression, using the SPSS 15.0 for Windows system.