Earticle

The Curriculum for language and cognitive develpoment is based on our understanding of how students acquire concepts and language. Although educators used to believed that acquisition of literacy was based on the ability to master a sequence of readiness skills leading to beginning reading, the current understanding is that it is based on a cognitive developmental process. There are contrsting theories between cognitive development and language acquisition. Piaget(1973) believed that language is an ordinary cognitive process, dependent upon the cognitive processes for the course of its development. It clearly has cognitive precursors and prerequisites. It should follow the cognitive stages of development. Vygotsky(1978) proposed that speech and thought have different roots, speech has a pre-intellectual stage, whereas thought has a pre-linguistic stage. Up to some point in development, speech and language are independent. According to Vygotsky, when language and speech are connected: language and thought become interdependent, thought becomes verval, speech becomes rational. In comparison with two theories about cognition and language, Vygotsky believed that language and cognition originate independently but become interdependent, whereas Piaget believed that cognition determines language. It does not matter whether one advocates single view or a combination of two views of cognitive and language development. These views have a role of our understanding of ability to learn language.

Domestic hotel industry of independent hotels and hotel chains due to increased competition and service differentiation is required, customer satisfaction and improve the management of the hotel industry has become an important deciding factor. Encounter with the customer in the process of hoteliers oil intangible activities of the service that the customer perception of quality determined by the perceived quality of service, as well as customer satisfaction and also affects the re-purchase intention. Eventually satisfied employees create satisfied customers, because two studies on hotel services hotel guests and hotel employees were made can be seen from the perspective of satisfied customers is one of the most important source of employee satisfaction can see that. From this perspective, this study, a hotel company in the customer satisfaction on the general study continued, has been doing while the other leading researchers' paper, with reference to current employees meet the standards for the determination and, further customer satisfaction and no relationship to examine whether there is a hotel employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction with the relationship were investigated.

This study produced the following results through practical analyses on the performance model based on the BSC of tourist venture businesses. First, internal process factors on BSC of tourist venture businesses made an effects on customer satisfaction. It was, in other words, analyzed that the establishment of working manuals as a internal process factors, the maintenance/ management of close relations with subcontractors, and the management processes of quality control and lead time made an effects on customer satisfaction. Second, it was revealed that customer satisfaction made an effect on financial performances of tourist venture businesses. It was, in other words, analyzed that the lasting improvement systems for customer services, on-site services and supports for customers, information services on products, and customer satisfaction maintenances, etc, mainly make an effect on financial performances such as sales increase, fund-flow stabilization, and market share increase, etc. Third, it was revealed that customer satisfaction made an effect on non-financial performances of tourist venture businesses. That is, it was analyzed that the lasting improvement systems for customer services, on-site services and supports for customers, information services on products, and customer satisfaction maintenances, etc, make an effect on non-financial performances such as the improvement of enterprise image, quality improvement for products and services, and the improved compliance records of product supply, etc. It appeared, however, that the education and training for the capability reinforcement of human resources, motivation for members, the authority delegation for businesses, and the sharing and creation of knowledge/ information between members didn't make an similar effects on customer satisfaction, and it is highly probable that learning and growth would rather fine the cause in working the factors of internal processes than the factors for customer satisfaction. Proceeding from the results of this study above, tourist venture businesses will attain not only the customer satisfaction and business performances but also even non-financial performances by reinforcing internal processes. While the previous studies mainly analyzed the relations between the performances and BSC of traditional industrials, the studies on BSC of venture businesses and their performances have a significant meaning under the environments that very little have recently been done in this field.

This study aims to examine the reality that, through the honeymoon tours to foreign countries occupy a great part of tourism amidst the wide spread of the opportunities of travelling abroad, it is difficult to provide the customers of honeymoons with a variety of experiences as the characteristics of the tour products are easily imitated. Accordingly, this study attempts to examine a new development of the products for honeymoon tours and the answers, investigate and analyze the important choosing attributes when domestic newly married couples decide to choose the products for honeymoon tours to foreign countries, and provide the materials necessary to open the ways out for the business circles of honeymoon and elevate their competitiveness by the marketing strategies corresponding to the times such as the strategy for advertisement and so on including the strategy for the subdivision of markets. First, it lays the general theoretical foundation by systemizing the theoretical backgrounds of the tour products and the characteristics of the package tour products through the study of the literature. Second, it tries to find the strategy for the markets and the produscts through the subdivision of the markets of the products for honeymoon tours to foreign countries. Thirds, it presents the directions of the development of the products for the honeymoon agreeing with the desires of the customers in developing various products for honeymoon and the follow-up studies concerned with honeymoon tours by finding out important factors of the choosing attributes of tour products on the basis of the theoretical foundation and analysis of the choosing attributes of the development products for the honeymoons. finally, the examination of the differences between the general characteristics and the choosing attributes of the products for honeymoons show that there are partially significant difference according to the destination of the honeymoons, the periods of the honeymoons, whether the opinion is reflected in choosing the places of the honeymoons, and the types of the tours. In conclusion, it is necessary to find out the changes and stream of the customers using the products for the honeymoons and to the tour products reflect them for the development of new products for honeymoons by investing and studying the various choosing attributes of the products of the honeymoon tourists. It will be necessary to set up the database of the products used by the newly married couples and the customers by the items, to make them reflected in the development of the products for the future and to attract the customers of the future.

This study focuses on gaining a competitive advantage through the proper business strategies by investigating the cause and effect relations of its strategy and market environments in Korea's tourist enterprises. As a results of the practical analyses, first, the environments of consumers and markets made an similar effects in overall cost leadership strategies, second, technical, competitive, and consumer environments also made the same like above in differentiation strategy, and third, technical and consumer environments were analyzed to draw a similar phenomena in concentration strategy. Therefore, tourist enterprises need to set up the concentration and overall cost leadership strategies on a basis of the importance of consumer environments such as consumer involvement and customer loyalty, of a life cycle of goods and after-sale services, and of technical environment factors like expert training, the improvement/ development of core goods or services, activated educations/ training, prompt adaptabilities at the speed of goods/service changes. Furthermore, they will gain the concentration strategy through prompt countermeasures for market environments, consumer's preferences for their own goods/services, competitive price-setting, a long term competitive strategy establishments & operations, and the finding of distribution channels, etc. This study cannot, however, represent all of Korea's tourist enterprises by the limit of sample groups, and its measure items and research variables are drawn on a basis of previous studies, so there is a limitation to be acceptable for all of the various factors the existing researchers suggested. It is considered, therefore, that the in-depth studies for various measure variables will be necessary about market environments and business strategies within the reduced operation ranges of tourist enterprises in the future.