Earticle

With the acceleration of urbanization, the resources and environment problem has become more and more prominent in Zhongyuan urban agglomerations. Based on evaluation model of resources and environment coordination degree of Pressure-State-Response (PSR), this study adopted the coordination degree analysis methods to calculate and evaluate the resources and environment coordinated development of nine central cities in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomerations from 2006 to 2013. Results showed that: (1) from 2006 to 2013, the statuses of the nine central cities in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomerations were in moderate coordination, elementary coordination, on the verge of imbalance and moderate imbalance, the economic development and the resources and environment statuses were not optimistic; (2) from 2006 to 2009, those cities’ statuses were in moderate imbalance, on the verge of imbalance and elementary coordination, the overall development coordination degree was not high, could not reach the state of coordinated development. Luoyang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang and Luohe’s coordinated development situation was not up to standard, whose status was in moderate imbalance; (3) from 2010 to 2013, the nine cities were on the verge of imbalance, elementary coordination and moderate coordination, coordinated development was improved.

In this paper, the solar sensing device used to measure the solar radiation whether it is same in all directions or maximum in the particular direction to convert it into the more electricity. The solar servo control tracking device using a pyranometer is disclosed. The device includes: a solar panel; a tracker having a solar panel driving motor driving the solar panel; a tracker controller controlling the tracker; first pyranometers measuring a solar azimuth in EW and detecting solar radiation of 380 nm to 840 nm wavelengths; second pyranometers measuring a solar azimuth in NS and detecting solar radiation; and a third pyranometer measuring a solar azimuth in the CE and detecting solar radiation. The tracker controller includes: signal amplifiers amplifying detection signals in three azimuths by the pyranometers; signal processors filtering the amplified detection signals by limiting a voltage; and a main control microcomputer outputting a control signal to the solar panel driving motor to stop the solar panel when the solar radiations are same and the solar radiations in one direction are maximum.

Considering production and marketing coordination between supply chain enterprises, this paper specifies a multi-agent supply chain concurrent negotiation model for two-stage supply chain in the supply chain environment. Coordinator is used to search optimal proposals based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and send these proposals to other threads. Proposal strategies based on retention value and time are put forward by learning retention value of rivals through Parzen-window estimation. Simulation experiment is conducted to test negotiation performance of the model. Compared with ordinary models, the model makes two improvements as follows: (1)PSO is inserted into coordinator to improve negotiation efficiency; (2) Proposal strategies are effectively supported by Parzen-window estimation and enable agents to consider the retention values of rivals. Further researches need to be done to study trust relationship between agents and influence of external environment on supply chain negotiation solution.

To support semantic integration for heterogeneous information systems in manufacturing enterprises, based on semantic gateway, the concept of semantic entity is defined, and the semantic entity-based integration method is studied. Semantic entity sets up conceptual structure by aggregating semantic concept from semantic gateway, and builds dynamic conceptual structure through adding or removing its general concept. By means of key business data, semantic entity identifies business object and obtains business data from its application system, and then instantiates concept structure. Based on instantiation, semantic service can obtain parameters data from business object instant, and satisfies the interface contract. Semantic entity captures data changes of business object, and then establishes status-based integration rules, defines algorithm logic of rules. By instantiating concept structure aimed to specific application system and invoking semantic service, the integration activities among information systems come true. This work has been verified by prototype system, and attained expected integration effect.

The impact of actuators should be considered in the prediction modeling of greenhouse air temperature. In this paper, the operating state of a greenhouse was divided into five sub-states based on the on-off characteristic of actuators. A group of novel incremental auto regressive models with external variables (IARX models) suitable for the five operat-ing sub-states were deduced from the mechanistic modeling of greenhouse air tempera-ture. The new IARX models have fewer coefficients than other known ARX models. In or-der to validate the IARX prediction models, the related environmental factors of a glass greenhouse were measured. The prediction results of the IARX models were compared with two typical ARX models. The maximum prediction errors and the mean square errors of the IARX models, under the three operating sub-states of passive state(all actuators are not working), mechanical ventilation and fan-pad cooling, are 0.1°C, 0.14°C, 0.7°C, and 0°C, 0.3°C, 0.4°C, respectively. The prediction results are much better than those of one compared model, while similar with the other.

The vehicle logistics is a complex branch in the field of logistics. Because of vehicles and vehicle transporters have a variety of specifications, the current logistics company make transportation plan mainly depends on scheduling personnel's experience, in the face of complex transportation tasks, however, are often inefficient, and transportation cost is not ideal. This paper used the E problem dates of the National Mathematical Modeling Contest for Postgraduates in 2014 to study the mathematical model is established to solve the problem of loading method of vehicles and transportation plan. Firstly, 2207 vehicles can be divided into four categories, we used MATLAB to calculation the loading method of vehicles for 10 types of vehicle transporters, then we take vehicle transporter minimum number as optimization objective, with vehicle demand and the proportion of vehicle transporters as the constraint conditions, to establish the integer programming model, and finally we used LINGO programming to calculate the optimal transport plan is: vehicle transporter minimum number is 127.

This paper proposes an optimal fire escape algorithm based on the A* pathfinding algorithm in building fire situations. This algorithm uses building map coordinates to generate the escape path while ignoring diagonal directions. A potential function is calculated by considering situational factors, such as fire location, smoke, and heat information, to estimate the effect on the user’s escapability based on his or her location within the building. The calculated potential function determines the path with the lowest cost and illuminates the escape route with leading lights to aid the user to escape hazardous situations that might cause loss of orientation. The proposed algorithm suggests safer, shorter paths and aims to safely lead people to exits while minimizing the dangers of smoke and poisonous gases inside buildings. The coordinates of a real-life building environment were obtained to prove the effectiveness of the escape-route algorithm. Simulation results provided different lowest-cost paths based on various building fire situations.

Label Propagation Algorithm is a kind of community discovery method. This algorithm contains large numbers of random selections, which made the result uncertain and reduced the stability of the algorithm. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposed Label Cohesion Algorithm (LCA). In LCA algorithm the label propagation process is divided into two steps. The first step is taking pretreatments on the original labels. The second step is label updating. In the first step we change node label though node centripetal. In the second step the paper use label Cohesion as the judgement to choose the new label. Finally the experimental result shows that the accuracy of the algorithm has been improved.

This paper presents an efficient algorithm that segments the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image into several homogeneous regions by combining edge- and region-based information. A multi-direction ratio edge detector is used to capture the locally directional variation information of a SAR image and construct the ratio edge strength map (RESM) of the SAR image. Watershed transformation is performed on the thresholded RESM to obtain an over-segmentation result. An efficient hierarchical region merging procedure based on the region adjacency graph representation of the image regions is proposed. A novel dissimilarity measurement between the two adjacent regions is derived from the multiplicative noise speckle model of the multi-look SAR image. Experimental results and the performance evaluation show that the proposed method outperforms two widely used SAR image segmentation approaches.

This paper demonstrates on the problem of device-free multiple people daily activity recognition, which is very crucial for human computer interaction. The main idea of this paper lies in that we introduce channel state information of Wi-Fi signals to recognize multiple people daily activity. Channel state information is used in the receiver end to analyze features of a communication channel to detect tampering through the transmitter. In order to alleviate the negative influence of radio frequency interference, we define window size to build up vectors of Channel state information. Afterwards, the proposed device-free multiple people daily activity recognition method is implemented by solving the sparse representation classification problem using minimization. To testify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we set the experiment setting with a bedroom and a living room; moreover, two persons and a cat are set in this experiment. Experiments results show that proposed device-free multiple people daily activity recognition method is able to promote activity recognition accuracy under different experiment settings.

With the continuous development of wireless communication and mobile positioning technologies, spatio-temporal queries of moving objects attract more and more attention. In practical application, affected by the sampling frequency of the devices, the position information of moving objects restricted to the road network is often with uncertainty. In this paper, on the basis of the distributed computing framework-Hadoop, it firstly constructs the UPBI index mixing certain and uncertain data. Secondly, it proposes the probabilistic range parallel queries algorithm and the probabilistic calculating method of moving objects on road network. Finally, it gives space constraint r-Restrict to reduce the query scope of the possible path, and simultaneously gives sample pair division to resolve the problem of repetitive calculation. The experiment proves that index and query algorithm proposed effectively solve the mass data problem about moving objects, and enhance query efficiency and precision.

Expanding Ring Search (ERS) is an advanced flooding technique exploring for targets progressively. It is widely used to locate destinations or information in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a fundamental problem concerning the best ERS strategy to minimize energy cost in wireless sensor networks is addressed. We propose a model for estimating the average energy cost of ERS strategies, and a model for comparing the energy cost of an ERS strategy with pure flooding. The second model is then used to prove that incremental ERS strategies are inefficient in large-scale wireless sensor networks. Furthermore, we propose an ERS strategy optimization algorithm SSetOpt, which can be applied to both dense wireless sensor networks and sparse ones. The simulation results show that the strategy obtained by SSetOpt can cost 5% less energy than prior works when the network is sparse, say, the average degree is less than 30..

New media technology creates a new feeling, new experience and new ways of thinking, nowadays, life everywhere is full of digital signal, urban landscape as we live the main environmental space, with its highly sensitive of science and technology and unavoidable by the impact of digital technology. In this paper, we analyze the application of digital multimedia technology and virtual simulation in urban landscape design. On the one hand, the computer digital mapping tools provide a more effective way to deal with three-dimensional space, so it is very popular in the landscape design. On the other hand, the advent of digital technology makes urban landscape design no longer simply rely on real physical space, modern city landscape design always made use of digital multimedia technology, makes the urban landscape design space is more complex. In addition, the digital multimedia technology not only brings the technical support to the urban landscape design, but also reflects its value in the aspect of appearance, color and so on.

With the constantly expanding of the scale of the city, urban traffic congestion has aroused people's attention. As a result, traffic congestion can lead to excessive energy consumption and the environmental pollution, which restrict the sustainable development of the city. This paper aimed to build a mathematical model and a traffic flow simulation based on CA model to study the intrinsic reasons of the congestion dilemma in the city especially in the big city, and to explore the correlation between urban scale and congestion effect. Research results showed that, if the existing traffic density was constant and the destination was always random, the continuous expansion of the scale of the city would inevitably leaded to increased congestion. And finally getting the conclusion that the traffic congestion state was easier to accept in the city within 20km x 20km, and this study would provide reference for the government to formulate reasonable urban and transportation planning.

For an instantaneous wireless image observation service, the specific embedded system design and implementation technique which has the instantaneous maximum 1 fps (frame per second) rate for a 160x128 size image is proposed by applying the intelligent sensing concept based on the IoT (Internet of Things) technique to the wireless remote observation, and embodied in prototypes, which are consisted of the intelligent remote monitoring node based on the Zigbee embedded modules with a small digital camera, the provisional ad-hoc wireless network channel, and the main node for system control in this work. Through of the real wireless remote observation experiment, the proposed technique is more proper for the instantaneous and provisional observation situation of the fast start and high successes rate since the observation speed enhancement over three times is attained by the proposed methodology than the conventional observation technique.

Shenhua BaoRi XiLe open-pit coal mine slope is located in the seismic belt of hulunbuir prairie in Inner Mongolia, which belongs to the high frequency and intensity earthquake zone, with rainfall concentrated, poor geological distribution, under the influence of complex environmental factors, extremely easy to cause landslide. This paper uses grey model and support vector machine (SVM) to establish slope model, and carries out stress and strain characteristics under the condition of natural, rainfall, earthquake and calculation and analysis of stability. Through the experiment, it analyzes the stability coefficient of downhill under rainfall condition, and obtains the different strength reduction of safety factor list. At the same time, give full consideration to the uncertainty of the earthquake, assume a variety of working conditions of the earthquake, it conducts dynamic analysis of the slope in detail, and gets the dynamic characteristics curves of the monitoring points. Results show that, relative complex terrain conditions, climate conditions and at a high intensity earthquakes area, are the main factors to induce landslides in this region. Therefore, this paper provides a reliable basis for further study of the effects of rainfall and earthquake on slope and disaster prevention and mitigation.

WSN (wireless sensor network) is widely applied in environmental monitoring, assets tracking, battlefield monitoring and smart building. Since nodes in WSN are constrained by finite battery power and operational capability, it will have the direct effects on the lifetime of whole network. Well-designed routing protocols could make network succinct and efficient. In order to prolong the overall lifetime of WSN, lots of clustering algorithms have been proposed. Most of them are based on LEACH and proved energy-efficient, but few are implemented in real systems. CTP (collection tree protocol) has been extensively used in many systems and provides a reliable protocol for data collection. However, it neither considers energetic balance nor follows clustering feature. In this paper, we propose an efficient routing protocol by improving the CTP, adding clustering and centrally controlled features. Furthermore, we introduce a lightweight method of command distribution and some implementation technologies of clustering based on CTP. The related experiments that carried on TelosB demonstrate that our scheme is outstanding in lifetime and efficiency.

With switching power supply being widely used in Smart Meter, there exists more restrictions on the performance of it. This paper designs a single-ended flyback switching power supply based on LNK364DN chips which is used in intelligent single-phase table, Compares the advantages and disadvantages of the switching power supply and the traditional linear regulated power supply, and introduces the reaction type switching power supply design principle and working process. In order to satisfy the security requirements, this paper also designs the EMI suppression circuit, surge suppression current, clamp circuit, etc. The design process, including the maximum duty cycle including transformer, the primary inductance calculation, etc, of the flyback type switch power supply transformer is introduced in detail. The experimental results show that the switch regulated power supply has small volume, good electromagnetic compatibility, small ripple, low power consumption, high efficiency of AC/DC transform and excellent performance .

The building energy management systems its control and automation in buildings has significant role. These systems can play an important role in regular energy monitoring and management and therefore to save the possible energy and cost. The key point of the building automation market is focused upon better facilitation to the user in terms of comfort at reduced operation cost. Energy efficiency improvement will also contribute to environmental protection. Therefore there have been regulations and rating systems made that mandates the requirement of energy monitoring and control in a building. For example, the above mentioned building utilities and equipment control and automation plays an integral role in achieving the green building rating points from certifying authorities such as GRIHA and IGBC. The proposed system is to control the active systems such as lighting including artificial lighting (on/off & dimming control), air conditioners and safety features like fire alarm & gas alarm. In future the existing idea can be implemented for the whole building, i.e. various rooms or areas and then all of them can be integrated on a common platform for monitoring and control of different equipment.

The increasing development of mobile electronic commerce has produced a great impression on the informatization construction in rural areas of our country. Electronic commerce might be developing rapidly only by means of both the hardware basis of internet and data center and the software basis of the complication of rural logistics network, therefore the both parts may restrict mutually. The article herein will analyze the mobile electronic commerce's importance on the information construction from the perspective of its current situation and then find a realistic way to improve the mobile electronic commerce in rural areas on the basis of research of its details and status quo.

Air transport worldwide is growing much more rapidly than the current airport systems’ capacity. This creates somewhat of a crisis for modern commercial aviation. In order to reduce congestion and delays, slots and slots allocation concepts had been put on for many years, but as the most scarce resources, all airlines wish get much slots as possible, So bridge mode was applied by the most areas. We analyzed differences of the slots allocation between in the bridge mode and in the traditional mode, and studied the slots allocation algorithm considering the minimum total delay rate. This paper approved the slots allocation algorithm could reduce the total delay and increase the flights volume, and showed a practical significance.

Through the analysis of current shoe cabinet market, aiming at some of the families that in needs of shoes cleaning, disinfection and storage, especially in areas of hot weather or frequently accompanied by rain and snow. The shoe cabinet was redesigned, to meet the needs of consumers on the shoes cleaning, sanitary and storage. This paper is mainly based on ergonomics principle and humanized design concept, designing and researching from the aspects of function, material, color and institutions of shoe cabinet, to design multi-functional shoe that sets disinfection and storage as a whole and give a new design concept for shoe cabinet which makes users to enjoy the multi-functional shoe cabinet with hygiene and soft at the same time feeling the beauty and enjoy what design brings to our life.

In a ubiquitous network, a variety of things such as environmental sensor, home appliance and mobile phone are connected to an information network, which can be regarded as a service resource. Combined via network, these service resources can provide value-added ubiquitous services anywhere at anytime. In a future ubiquitous network, it is expected to achieve an adaptive service platform, which can dynamically integrate various service resources to provide adaptive and context-aware services. This paper presents a new service registry platform named UBI-REGI, which is used to support efficient and dynamic discovery of service resources in a ubiquitous network. To define the scope of operation within the real world and IT world， UBI-REGI divides every service operation into three categories: source service, transformation service and sink service. Furthermore, UBI-REGI specifies meta-data like physical location or device owner to manage physical devices, in addition to the conventional meta-data like service name, purpose and description. In order to enable UBI-REGI to be easily used by external program, this paper designs and implements UBI-REGI API by using Web service technologies. With this API, external applications can find service resources by queries of service category, location, purpose keywords， and so on. As a case study, this paper demonstrates an environment continue service in a home network system to prove the feasibility of this proposal.

There are many obvious evidences supporting a correlation between school facility and student behavior and performance. With the increasing awareness of sustainable school facility, incorporation of various operation cost impact into the consideration of school facility management is attracting a lot of attention. So the Green-School Project in South Korea aims to transform existing deteriorated elementary, middle, and high school facilities into eco-friendly energy saving schools through environmentally friendly materials and techniques and full-scale renovation and repair work. However, the total number of educational facilities in South Korea as of 2015 is 11,590 (5,978 elementary schools, 3,219 middle schools, and 2,393 high schools). Overall reconstruction of these deteriorated educational facilities is realistically difficult. Expenditure by school systems must stay within the limit of their available funding. So in order to plan exact operating cost, this paper presents a prediction improving method of the amount of electricity consumption of elementary school in South Korea by using two regressions, i.e., SVR (Support Vector Regression) and GPR (Gaussian Process Regression) and outlier detection methods, EE (Elliptic Envelope) and EM (Expectation and Maximization) algorithms. As a result, this study enables school facility managers to straightforwardly predict the electricity consumption of elementary school. This method can also extend to prediction of the amount of electricity usage for middle school and high school as well as elementary school.

“Chinese-style separation of powers” not only brings miracle of economic development, but also exacerbate environmental pollution. This paper studies the effect of fiscal decentralization with the different pollution levels industry which the local government chosen to develop. A dynamic study based on the panel data of 69 major cities from 2001 to 2011. The results show that the fiscal income decentralization may reduce the pollution level of regional industrial structure, but the sample statistical results is not significant in the eastern region; while fiscal expenditure decentralization could significantly improve the pollution level of regional industrial structure, which is an important index to investigate the continuously rising industrial structure pollution level of sampling cities

The energy conservation in high-rise office buildings is a key project of building energy conservation work in China. Based on the actual need of projects and with the water environment intelligent monitoring system of photovoltaic power generation as the core, this paper conducts the intelligent and informatization management to the water supply and drainage of high-rise office buildings. Based on the data specification of water supply and drainage design of sanitary ware in China, square-root method is used to design the traffic system, and the rainwater comprehensive utilization system is introduced by referring the advanced experience in China. With shaft power and efficiency index, the superiority of double-pump parallel frequency conversion in the water tank - pump frequency conversion water supply in high-rise office buildings, which provides reference and data base for the subsequent engineering practice and has certain engineering application value.

The environment development for deep sleep has been studied using analysis results of the big data about vital signs and parameters in the bedroom. The organic light emitting diode (OLED) illuminations of the bedroom are dimming using analysis results of the big data. Therefore, a low-power and compact design of dimming part is required for OLED illumination system. In this paper, the optimized control block of the clock cut-off circuit was designed using De Morgan’s laws with adiabatic dynamic CMOS logic (ADCL) digital 3-bit pulse width modulation (PWM). The designed clock cut-off circuit pauses the D-flipflops (D-ffs) after cutting off the clock at both 0 % and 100 % pulse width of PWM output for dimming. As a result, 10 transistors of the miniaturized control block were reduced and layout area of the optimized control block is 2,198.0μm2 using Rohm 0.18μm standard CMOS model .The operation of control block of clock cut-off circuit with ADCL 3-bit digital PWM is confirmed by post-simulation of hspice.