Earticle

This study aimed to investigate the effects on changes in type of attention and hurdle performance by developing and applying the attentional focus training program suitable for the standard of sixth grade students. The experimental group hurdled for 20 minutes after participating in the attentional focus training program for approximately 10 minutes thrice-weekly for 6 weeks. On the other hand, the control group hurdled for 20 minutes after watching images of excellent athletes' performances for approximately 10 minutes thrice-weekly for 6 weeks. After experimental treatment, the attention type and hurdle performance of the experimental group and the control group were measured. In order to measure the type of attention, this study revised the questions of TAIS and used a hurdling rating scale table dividing continuous motions of crossing hurdles into four-phased motions in order to measure the hurdle performance capability. This study used One-Way ANOVA and ANCOVA as statistical methods for data analysis. As a result of the data analysis, the following conclusions were drawn. First, it was not possible for the attention training to have a positive effect on the attention type changes of the elementary school students. As a result of ANCOVA on the measurement results of the experimental group and the control group, there were significant differences in BET, OET, and RED. However, as a result of One-Way ANOVA on the pre-and post-measurement results of the experimental group by post hoc tests, there was no significant difference. Second, the attention training was partially effective in the hurdle performance capability change of study object. As a result of ANCOVA to the measurement results of the experimental group and the control group, there were significant differences in all sub-factors. However, as a result of One-Way ANOVA on the pre-and post-measurement results of the experimental group by post hoc tests, there were significant differences in stride, take-off and total score excluding motion in the air and landing motion.

The purpose of this study was to analyze exercise participation consciousness using health belief model(HBM). The subjects in this study were 500 adults(aged between 30 and 60years). And after except incomplete or bad faith questionnaires, we analyzed the data of 355 questionnaires(men 184, women 171). The content validity of the measurement tool, based on previous studies, were obtained through consultation with health related expert. A total of 46 preliminary items in question was constructed in the form of Likert response format. As results, a total 26questions(susceptibility to disease: 7questions, severity of disease: 5questions, benefits of exercise: 9questions, and barriers to exercise: 5questions) appeared to be suitable as measurement tool. Eigenvalues ​​of the components appeared to susceptibility to disease 5.517, severity of disease 2.256, benefits of exercise 8.196, and barriers to exercise 1.760, and a cumulative rate of 46.65% variance was suggested. Also, Cronbach'α for reliability appeared to susceptibility to disease .784, severity of disease .800, benefits of exercise .886, and barriers to exercise .700. As results, the susceptibility to disease was related with level of exercise participation, the severity of disease was related with age and level of exercise participation, the benefits of exercise was related with age and health state, and the barriers to exercise was related with level of exercise participation and economics. In conclusion, we suggested that strengthening the susceptibility to disease and the severity of disease and decreasing the barriers to exercise is demanded in order to promote regular exercise participation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a difference of anaerobic capacity according to lower body’s muscle balance in university male. Subject were participated 78 university male student without medicine symptom of lower’s muscle. We established cross-sectional study and that independent variable was L/R muscle balance of lower body and quadriceps/ hamstring ratio. Results as follows; first, Anaerobic capacity showed that peak power and time to peak were highest power on L/R(100∼150%) in angular velocity(60°/s). But, fatigue index and mean power were highest power on L/R(75∼90%). Second, Anaerobic capacity showed that peak power and time to peak were highest power on L/R(90∼100%) in angular velocity(240°/s). And fatigue index and peak power were highest power on L/R(100∼150%). Third, Anaerobic capacity showed that fatigue index and time to peak were highest power on Q/H(80∼140%) in angular velocity(60°/s). And, peak power index and mean power were highest power on Q/H(158∼240%). Forth, Anaerobic capacity showed that fatigue index and time to peak were highest power on Q/H(78∼86%) in angular velocity(240°/s). And, peak power and mean power were highest power on Q/H(86∼96%). Viewed in this results, we think that there was no effect on lower body power according to L/R muscle ratio, and difference between extensor and flexor muscle strength was a lot of difference on exercise type and subject as well. In addition, we suggest that low angular velocity exercise should develop a quadriceps ratio and high angular velocity should be develop a equivalent between H/Q. Further study is good for suggesting to develop a muscle and injury prevention if we will investigate a frequently injury and muscle strength from muscle imbalance.

By adopting various exercise programs to abdominal obese middle aged women with two kind calorie consumption at every other two weeks intervals, this study intends to investigate changes in body strength factor and blood variables closely related to cardiovascular system and then to provide obese persons and the public with basic data for energy consumption exercise. Middle aged women (40 ~ 50 years old) were selected as subjects. The 27 subjects consist of circuit exercise group (n=9), interval exercise group (n=9) and circuit + interval exercise group (n=9). With respect to data processing, two-way repeated ANOVA was conducted in order to find out differences between groups and interaction. Significance level of every case was α= .05 and following are results; 1) As for change in body strength factor, muscular strength (right) and muscular endurance showed significant change between groups. As for weight, there was significant change per period and between groups. 2) As for change in blood variables of TG, glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C, there was not significant change per period and between groups at all. According to the above results, it is believed that circuit exercise had improvement of muscular strength rather than cardiovascular risk while circuit + interval exercise has influence over both body strength and blood variables. It is also believed that we have to perform a research for application through establishment of diverse energy consumption criteria.

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyse cardiovascular risk factors and cardiorespiratory capacity in the elderly by exercise career in badminton. Total more than sixty-year-old twenty seven female subjects(nine with no experience in exercise in latest five years; nine experienced in less than three years of regular badminton exercise; nine experienced in more than five years of regular badminton exercise) were participated in this study. Blood collection and Graded Exercise Test(GXT) were conducted to measure the variables above. 1. In cardiorespiratory capacity, Resting Systolic Blood Pressure(RSBP) is significantly lower in long period exercise group than in control group(p<.05). There is no significant difference in Resting Diastole Blood Pressure(RDBP). VO2max is significantly higher in long period exercise group than in control group(p<.05). MET is significantly higher in long period exercise group than in control group and in short period exercise group(p<.01, p<.01). Heart Rate Recovery(HRR) on 1 minute and 2 minute is significantly higher in long period exercise group than in control group and in short period exercise group(p<.01, p<.01). 2. In body composition, there is no significant difference in Body Mass Index(BMI). Waist Hip Ratio(WHR) is significantly lower in long period exercise group than in control group than(p<.01). There is no significant difference in Body Fat(BF). 3. In lipid profile and hs-CRP, there is no significant difference in TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and hs-CRP. In conclusion, the result revealed that cardiorespiratory capacity is enhanced and cardiovascular risk factors were reduced by badminton exercise. Therefore, it is suggested that the badminton exercise could prevent cardiovascular disease of the elderly. In addition, the study showed that it is necessary to start to exercise earlier than the period when the cardiovascular disease is easy to appear.

The purpose of this study is to investigate an interrelationship with life physical fitness level, falling incidence, and falling anxiety in elderly women. One-hundred nineteen elderly women (65~83 yrs) living in S and Y area in Kyunggi-do voluntarily participated in this study and all participants were screened for not having musculoskeletal injury history since past 6 months. Physical fitness tests including lower limb strength, agility, balance, flexibility, walking ability, and hand grip were conducted. For falling incidence and anxiety test, “yes” or “no” survey related to falling incidence and anxiety was conducted for a year after physical fitness test. This study results are as follows; First, based upon age tertile, there was a significant decrease in life physical fitness according to aging. Second, there was a significant interrelationship between standing on one foot test with eyes open, one of life physical fitness tests, and falling experience Lastly, there was no significant interrelationship between life physical fitness level and falling anxiety in elderly women. This one-year study confirmed that there was an increased incidence of falling caused by decreased life physical fitness and higher level of life physical fitness group showed reduced falling incidence by 74% compared to lower level of life physical fitness group through standing on one foot test with eyes open in elderly women. In addition, this study confirmed the importance of an asymmetry and bilateral symmetry of the legs to prevent falling. Further studies are needed to consider kinetic factors by determining falling prevention and this would be the basis for developing a fall prevention program.

The purpose of this experiment is to propose an exercise prescription that will improve life styles of sedentary middle aged men. In conclusion, the biggest change within the stages of exercise behavior occurred in action and maintenance stages. The changes of exercise behavior showed direct relationship with strength and quality of lifestyle. Leading a regular life was crucial within the exercise prescription which resulted in increasing strength and mode of life. The result of changing the stages of exercise behavior is that increase of regular physical exercise and activities are best recommended for those sedentary middle aged male office workers who wish to lead a healthy lifestyle because they can enhance health and bring positive lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to examine the body composition and physical fitness of male and female adults by gender and age in an effort to provide some information on the selection of effective exercise intensity tailored to each age group and the right performance of efficient workout programs. The subjects in this study were 1,304 adults who were aged between 20 and 65 and used Y and E fitness clubs in Gyeonggi Province. The selected adults wanted to get a physical checkup and included 657 men and 647 women. Their body composition(height, weight and body fat rate) and physical fitness(six items) were checked by gender and age. The collected data were analyzed with a SPSS WIN 17.0 program, and descriptive statistics and independent-samples t-test were employed to see if there were any changes according to gender and age. The findings of the study were as follows: First, both of the men and women decreased in stature with age. But the men lost weight after they were in their 30s, and the women gradually put on weight after they were in their 20s. In terms of body fat rate, that of the women was steadily on the rise after they were in their 20s. There was a rapid increase in the men's body fat rate when they were in their 40s and 50s, and their body fat rate was on the decrease after they were in their 50s. Second, the adults in their 30s were most excellent in muscular strength and muscular endurance, and there was a gradual decrease in those regards with age after that age period. The adults in their 20s excelled the other age groups in power, speed, flexibility and cardio- vascular respiratory endurance irrespective of gender, and there was a rapid decrease in the flexibility and cardiovascular respiratory endurance of the men and women after they were in their 40s.