Earticle

This study examined the effect of a complex exercise prescription program for the male elderly on body composition, basic physical fitness and the components of blood lipids. The subjects of this study included 20 people aged between 65 and 75yr were allocated into a control group(n=10) and an experimental group(n=10). The following results on a 12week composite exercise program were obtained in the study. First, as for changes in body composition, body fat, abdominal fat, lean body mass and fat-free mass showed no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group, but displayed significant differences in the interaction of the two groups before and after the program. Second, as a for changes in basic physical fitness factors, cardiopulmonary endurance and grip strength showed no significant difference between the two groups. And muscular endurance and flexibility showed significant difference between the two group before and after the program. Third, as for changes in the components of blood lipids, LDL-C showed significant differences in the interaction of the two groups before and after the program.

This study conducted a 12-week aquatic exercise program with old women of 65 and over to compare and analyze its effects on body composition, physical fitness, and blood lipid. Finally, the following results were obtained. First, after application of the aquatic exercise program, there was a significant decrease in body composition(weight(p<.001), % body fat(p<.001), BMI(p<.001), LBM(p<.001)) in old women, suggesting a increase result. Second, after application of the aquatic exercise program, there was a significant increase in physical fitness(strength(p<.01), endurance(p<.001), flexibility(p<.001), cardiorespiratory endurance(p<.001)) in old women, suggesting a increase result. Finally, after application of the aquatic exercise program, there was a significant difference in all blood lipid factors(TC(p<.05), TG(p<.001), LDL-C(p<.001)) but HDL-C in old women, suggesting a increase result. HDL-C showed no significant differenct. Taken together, it is found that an aquatic exercise program is very effective for a decrease in weight, % body fat, and BMI which can prevent metabolic syndrome in old women. It is also considered that it decreases blood lipid effectively, which is effective for a prevention against life style disease in old women. Further study should conduct both an aquatic exercise and a dietary cure to show more effective result.

This study is to evaluate the influence of the exercise program for 12 weeks on 30 patients over age of 60 with degenerative lumber disease under the prescribed medication of P Family physician in seoul. The exercise program for 12 weeks executed for the experiment group(n=15) for 55 minutes 3 times per week, consist of the education of elderly health care and exercises for lower back pain, while the comparison group(n=15) took medicine for relief from chronic degenerative lumbar disease, like the experiment group, and both groups were banned from doing any exercise except executing the program. Algometer(JTECH Medical, USA), a per and post measurement tool of the program, was applied to measure the low back pain two times and Dualer IQ(JTECH Medical, USA) to measure a power lumber motion. Date collected from these tools were analyzed by Window SPSS/PC 11.0 for a mean and a SD in paired t-test(paired-samples t-test). All statistical significance level was set at ɑ=. 05. The result is as follow. (1) In the change of lower back pain degree, the mean fo change in the experiment group decreased more than it in the comparison group. However both groups showed statistically significant differences. (2) In the lumbar spine flexion and extension change for the joint operation capability and in the ROM(Range of Motion) analyzing of the sacrum hip, the mean increased more in the experiment group than in the comparison group, and there was statistically significant difference. It is concluded that the exercise program for 12 weeks employed in this study was appropriate for lumber function in the patients with degenerative disease and had a positive effect in lumber function in general.

This study is purposed to provide the basic data necessary for developing the efficient exercise program for participants in the dance sports, by comparing the Health-related Fitness, the range of joint motion(ROM) and different results of electromyogram during balancing of participants in the dance sports whose levels are categorized for the analysis. Participants of this study were chosen from females of 20s to 30s in Busan; 78 from the player group of dance sports, 66 from the experienced group ,and 72 from the general group. Dependent variables are followings: variables of the physical strength are back muscle strength, Sit-Ups, flexibility, %Fat and Harvard step test; variables of the ROM are plantar flexion and dorsi flexion of ankle, and hip abduction; variables of lower extremity muscle’iEMG are iEMGs of tibialis anterior muscle, soleus muscle, inside gastrocnemius, and outside gastocnemius. Variables are measures by levels of participantion in the dance sports . The ROM and balancing. Results are analyzed by SPSS 12.0, using repetition t-test and one-way ANOVA. If any significance is shown, the post-test was conducted by the Scheffe method. The level of significance in denial of statistical hypothesis is p<.05. Statistical analysis shows the following results. 1) A characteristic of Health-related Fitness by participants of the dance sports is the player group shows statistically higher in muscular strength(p<.05), muscular endurance(p<.001), flexibility(p<.001) and fat percentage(p<.05) that the experienced group and the general group. However, cardiovascular endurance shows no difference among groups. 2) The ROM of participants of the dance sports tells that the player group is statistically higher in plantar flexion(p<.05) and right/left hip abduction(p<.01) that the experienced group and the general group. For dorsi flexion, the general group has a higher statistics than the experienced group. For left and right hip abduction by participants of the dance sports, right hip abduction is statistically higher than the left(p<.01) in the player and experienced group. However, the general group shows no statistical significance. while the experienced group is higher than the general group. However, outside gastrocnemius does not show any statistical significance.dance sports In conclusion, for the Health-related Fitness by levels of participation in the dance sports, the player group has better back muscle strength, Sit-Ups and flexibility, and lowest fat percentage. For the ROM, the player group has the highest plantar flexion, while the general group has the highest dorsi flexion. The player group has the highest hip abduction. In comparison of left and right hip abduction, right hip abduction is higher than the left on in the player and experienced group.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the complex exercise on body composition, atheriosclerosis indics and inflammation markers response in the elderly women with cardiovascular disease. A total of 30 elderly women was divided into two groups such as control group(15) and exercise group(15). Subjects were trained by the complex exercise program that was composed of the intensity of 40∼60% HRmax, the duration of 20∼30min, the frequency of 3∼4d/w, and period of 12weeks. The conclusions of this study were as follows; After 12 weeks complex training, weight, percent body fat, and body mass index(BMI) were decreased, body fluid were increased. After 12 weeks complex training, AI(T-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C) ere decreased. After 12 weeks complex training, WBC and albumin of each group were decreased between before and after complex training. And C-reactive protein and fibrinogen of control group were increased significantly between before and after complex training, but exercise group were decreased significantly between before and after complex training. In conclusion, we could know that not only the regular exercise might increase or change almost the cardiovascular function variables for serum lipid, body composition, exercise capacity, and inflammation response between before and after complex exercise. Therefore, we might tell that complex exercise program could provide an excellent parameters for enforcing or keeping the cardiovascular function of elderly women.

The purpose of this study was to conduct long-term and short-term walking exercise programs on obese college women, and provide scientific data obtained from the programs for the prevention and treatment of obesity through walking. The mean and standard deviation for each variable are calculated using SPSS 18. for Windows, and Repeated measures ANOVA was used to see the change between the experimental group (24-week) and control group (12-week). The results are as follows: First, 24-week walking exercise program was effective in managing weight, body mass index(BMI), fat mass, muscle mass, and belly for prevention of adult disease in obese college women. Second, there was an increase in HDL-C and a decrease in TC through walking exercise program, more than 3 months, 3 days per week, and 1 hour per day. Third, long-term walking exercise program yielded a positive result in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and Leptin in obese college women. However, there was no positive result from the control group in reducing Leptin after 12-week walking exercise program; Therefore, there is a need for more intense, more frequent, and longer program.

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of low-intense combined exercise on body composition, serum lipids, Leptin and hormone in post-menopausal obese middle-aged women. The study was conducted for 16 weeks and the values were monitored before and after the combined exercise program to provide scientific data for development of effective exercise prescription for obesity treatment. Produced results are processed by SPSS 15 for Windows to calculate average and standard deviation, repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to measure the change in experimental group and control group during the exercise period, and (p<.05) standard was used to verify later. By analyzing results, doing low-intense and combined exercise program at least 5 days a week, more than 1 hour per day is recommended to effectively increase abdominal strength, balance and to decrease weight, waist, TC, the level of Leptin, and Insulin (p<.05, p<.001). For post-menopausal middle-aged women, additional analysis through long-term exercise is required.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a cross-sectional research of body compositions and fitness of participants in a sports facility. The subjects of this study were divided into control(male n=70, female n=37), health(HE, male n=80, female n=50), and swimming(SW, male n=53, female n=25) group as their participating exercise type. Anthropometry, body composition test, blood pressure, and physical fitness test were measured. In the males, fat free mass was higher, and fat ratio, and resting heart rate were lower in both exercise group than control group. And cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength were higher in SW than control group. In the females, fat free mass was higher in both exercise group than control group. HE showed lower resting heart rate and higher aerobic fitness and muscle strength compare to control group. And there were no significant differences between SW and HE group in body composition and fitness factors. Cardiovascular and muscular fitness were related with FFM positively, and fat ratio inversely. The university students who are participated in sports facility regularly had improved body composition and the male of SW group, and the female of HE group had higher fitness level than non-exerciser.