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Purpose : Recently, infection control in childcare centers has increased due to COVID-19. This studyaimedto improve the quality of childcare services. Methods : For this study, childcare facilities were grouped into two groups depending on whether thechildcarecenter employed a nurse as a childcare teacher responsible for the health management of children. The level of COVID-19 infection control job stress was investigated, and the effect of COVID-19 infection control job stress on burnout was also analyzed. The data were collected from 130 childcare teachers with nurses and 184 without nurses in Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi, and Daejeon. A questionnaire survey was conducted through mail or the Internet, and this study carried out a multiple linear regression analysis to discover the effects of childcare teachers’ COVID-19 infection control job stress on burnout. Results : The results of this studyaresummarized as follows. First, the scores of the COVID-19 infection control job stress and burnout were higher for childcare teachers without nurses than those with nurses. Second, for those childcare teachers with nurses, their COVID-19 Infection control stress did not affect their burnout, but for childcare teachers without nurses, the quantitative workload among the sub-factors of COVID-19 infection control stress did affect burnout. Conclusion : Accordingly, it is necessary to allow co-nurses of several facilities to be grouped based on the capacity ofchildcarecenters with 100 children.

Purpose : This descriptive study aimed to identify relationships among shift work nurses’ job stress, fatigue, happiness, and sleep quality and the factors causing decrease in sleep quality to establish fundamental data for effective intervention strategies. Methods : The data were collected using a structured questionnaire from June 11 to 19, 2018, and study participants were 198 nurses working rotating shifts in a university hospital. Results : The quality of sleep showed a mean of 15.77±5.30 and was varied depending on the number of night shifts (p=.001), health status (p=.008), and the number of discomforts at work (p<.001). Sleep quality also showed a significant relationship with job stress (r=.15, p=.040), fatigue (r=.35, p<.001), and happiness (r=-.24, p=.001). Multiple regression analysis (Adj R2=.275) indicated that factors affecting the quality of sleep included the number of discomforts (β=.31, p<.001), fatigue (β=.22, p=.002), and the number of night shifts (β=.19, p=.002). Conclusion : This study suggests that individuals, hospitals, and social systems need to coordinate the number of night shifts and improve discomfort and fatigue by considering factors influencing rotating shift work nurses’ sleep quality.

Purpose : This qualitative study aims to identify the risk factors of gasmen and make institutional plans to prevent their health hazards while serving customers by analyzing the data of focus group interviews. Methods : In July 2020, the investigator offered a verbal explanation on the goals and methods of the study through the union representative and interviewed four gasmen that gave consent. The data were analyzed in a qualitative manner for content analysis. Results : The main categories were problematic behaviors while serving customers and important factors to understand gasmen. Problematic behaviors from customers included verbal abuse, refusal of the visit due to COVID-19, unreasonable demand from them, frequent contact after business hours, disregard for gasmen, suspicion of stealing customers’ items, and injuries from the customers’ pets. The important factors to understand gasmen included the number of households to check per gasman, the check rates as an indicator of assessment, difficultiesin the reservation system, workers under the recognized working hours system, customers’ refusal for check, exceptional cases, and changes in the customers’ viewpoints. Conclusion : These findings raise a need to limit the number of households to check per gasman, to provide gasmen with a real break and to treat them as workers under the recognized working hours system providing a visiting service.

Purpose : This study is a survey on the awareness of the workplace environment and the wearing of hearing protectors for school meal cooking workers exposed to physical risk factors such as high temperature and noise. Methods : A survey was conducted on 688 school meal cooking workers through the National School Non-regular Workers' Union. General characteristics, health-related characteristics, school cafeteria work environment, and noise management characteristics were used to calculate frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation. Results : The subjects’ work stress and fatigue were said to be felt occasionally by over 80% of the workers, and complaint of back and neck pain was noted. In terms of working environment characteristics, many responded that noise, handling hazardous chemicals, lifting heavy objects, high or low temperatures,unstable working posture, and mere repetitive work were serious. Conclusion : Since this study investigated workers' perception of the working environment and the status of noise management, it is meaningful and can be expected to serve as basic data for subsequent studies. In addition, personal and organizational management are needed to protect the health of school meal cooking workers. In particular, safety and health education and protective equipment for preventing noise-induced hearing loss need to be thoroughly implemented, such as providing personalized protective equipment with less discomfort and more communication possible based on the survey results.

Purpose : This study conducted a cost-benefit analysis on workplace harassment to identify factors caused by bullying in the workplace and included an analysis of the cost and benefit. Method : This study was based in the year 2017 when the cost benefit analysis was done. As costs preceded benefits, the estimated period of cost and benefits was set for 10 years. The subjects were total of 12,790,043 full-time workers from 324,841 workplaces of over 10 employees in 2017. In addition, the government's expenses to prevent workplace distress were classified into prevention, response, and management of harassment. The expenses were covered for education booklets, manual development, employer recommendation monitoring, fact-finding survey, and counseling on workplace harassed workers. Benefits ncluded decreases in suicide deaths, occupational diseases, mental health problems, and physical health problems. Results : First, the net profit of the cost benefit analysis on the health effects of workplace bullying was 244,630,019,026 won, and the benefit was 2.35 times higher than the cost even if the benefit was reduced by 14%. Second, as a result of increasing the cost by 140% and reducing the benefit by 14% through sensitivity analysis, the benefit was 1.45 times higher than the cost. Conclusion : In this study, a policy alternative should be presented to prepare effective workplace bullying prevention and follow-up measures in Korea by conducting a cost-benefit analysis on workplace bullying. It is proposed that research on the effect of preventing bullying in the workplace be conducted in the future.

Purpose : This study is a descriptive research to confirm the relationship among self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and resilience of nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals during the COVID-19 Pandemic and to confirm the effect of self-efficacy and emotional intelligence on resilience. Methods : The subjects of the study were 165 nurses working in four small and medium-sized hospitals. The data were collected from September 2, to October 5, 2022, and analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the WIN 26.0 program. Results : There was a statistically significant difference in resilience according to the general characteristics of the subjects depending on age (F=2.44, p=.049), position (t=-2.00, p=.048), and total career (F=3.31, p=.012). The older the age, the higher the position, and the more work experience, the higher the resilience. Emotional intelligence was positively correlated with resilience (r=.67, р<.001). There was no correlation between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence(r=.03, р=.737), and also, no correlation between self-efficacy and resilience(r=.05, р=.503). The factor affecting the resilience of the subjects was emotional intelligence (β=.653, p<.001), and the overall explanatory power was 44%. Conclusion : For the resilience of nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals, it is necessary to apply and develop intervention programs using emotional intelligence.