Earticle

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 교사들이 학생의 진로 발달을 전문적으로 지원할 수 있도록 학교현장에 서 내실 있는 진로교육을 운영하기 위한 초등교사의 진로교육 전문성 향상 연수 프로그램을 개발하는 데 있다. 이 연수 프로그램은 타당성 확보를 위해 현장 요구 분석, 프로그램 초안 개발, 전문가 타당화 의 3단계를 거쳐 개발되었다. 주요 연구 결과, 이 프로그램은 기초, 심화, 적용의 3단계 과정으로 설계 되었으며, 각 단계별로 적합한 목표와 대상을 제시하였다. 또한, 진로교육을 영역별 단계별로 구성하여 연속적인 과정 속에서 진로교육 전문성을 향상할 수 있도록 하였다. 진로교육 영역의 경우, ‘진로교육 기초’, ‘학교 진로교육과정 설계’, ‘진로 수업’, ‘진로교육 활동’, ‘평가 및 컨설팅’으로 구분하였다. 각 단 계에 따라 영역 내 교과목의 수준을 달리 구성하고 교육 내용에 적합한 교육 방식을 제안함으로써 교 육의 일관성, 연계성 및 실효성을 강화하였다. 이 연구는 기존 진로교육 연수 프로그램에서 상대적으로 간과된 영역을 포괄하고, 현장 중심의 요구를 체계적으로 반영하여 교사들이 진로교육 전반의 전문성 을 체계적으로 함양할 수 있도록 지원하는 기반을 마련했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구 결과 를 바탕으로 이 연구에서 개발된 연수 프로그램의 운영 시 고려할 사항과 안정적이고 장기적인 안착을 위한 지원 방안을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to develop an in-service training program aimed at enhancing the career education expertise of elementary school teachers, thereby enabling them to provide specialized support for students’ career development and to implement robust career education at the school level. To ensure the validity of the program, it was developed through a three-phase process that included field demand analysis, preliminary program design, and expert validation. The major findings indicate that the program is structured into three progressive stages—basic, advanced, and application—with each stage specifying appropriate objectives and target groups. Moreover, the program organizes career education into five areas—basic career education, school career curriculum design, career instruction, career education activities, and evaluation and consulting—and arranges them in distinct stages to continuously enhance expertise. By tailoring the level of subject content and proposing pedagogically suitable approaches for each stage within these domains, the program reinforces the consistency, coherence, and effectiveness of the education provided. This study is significant in that it encompasses previously underemphasized areas in existing career education training programs and systematically reflects field-based demands, thereby laying a foundation for teachers to methodically cultivate comprehensive career education professionalism. Based on these findings, the study also proposes operational considerations for the developed training program and suggests support measures to ensure its stable and long-term integration.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the challenging tasks for male and female paramedics and suggest solutions to address these difficulties. Methods: We surveyed 58 male and 43 female paramedics. The survey covered 253 tasks, and the ten most difficult tasks were identified. These tasks were analyzed using an independent t-test to compare differences between males and females. Results: Among the 253 items, both male and female paramedics reported difficulties with maternal and neonatal treatment. Male paramedics found the chemical accident response difficult, whereas female paramedics found treating open-chest injuries challenging. This study further examined whether significant differences existed in the task difficulty between male and female participants. Thirteen tasks were observed in which the perceived difficulty differed between genders. Male paramedics found 12 tasks to be more difficult than their female counterparts, including asking about the situation in which the patient was found, inquiring about the location of the patient, and assessing the scene. Female paramedics found handling child abuse cases difficult. Conclusion: This study examined the challenges faced by male and female paramedics and revealed that they encountered different difficulties and required different levels of training. Male paramedics required training in patient communication, whereas female paramedics required training in emotion regulation. In addition, both groups would benefit from further training in areas where they commonly encounter difficulties.

Objective: This study was to investigate and develop a training program that integrated and strengthened clinical competence and capacity of hospital pharmacists which would be implemented at the pharmacy department of Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. Methods: We assessed the training programs of hospital pharmacists in the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan and compared those of major hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces in Korea. The survey assessed the satisfaction on the current educational programs for pharmacists at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital and a newly designed education program was suggested. Results: The major differences of the programs among the Korean hospitals and Mokdong Hospital were the training period and contents of the entry-level pharmacist education program. The overall satisfaction of the training program was >3 points on 5- Likert scale in the survey. There was no significant difference of the satisfaction level based on the employment period of pharmacists. The pharmacists were in more than 7 training programs of clinical support work. We proposed the clinical support training for the new pharmacists to be separated from orientation and concentrated on actual work duty. In order to improve the competency, it was encouraged to participate the in-house seminar or certify the related fields provided by Korean Society of Health-system Pharmacists. Conclusion: The education program was assessed among different countries and hospitals of Korea. We suggested to update education program in the hospital to enhance pharmacists’ competency.

The Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL) is a new pilot qualification introduced by ICAO to train co-pilots for transport aircraft based on efficient and stable competency to respond to changes in the operating environment and technology. ICAO and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) require a minimum flight of 240 hours for MPL qualification training, and allow the use of flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) for most of the training, specifying the performance requirements for FSTDs. As South Korea is also preparing for the operation of the MPL training program, it is essential to establish the operating standards for FSTDs required for MPL training. This study aims to identify the international standards for FSTDs related to MPL training, and to compare them with the current operating standards for FSTDs in South Korea for presenting a standard (draft) that can be used when introducing domestic MPL training programs in the future.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of personalized complex aerobic training programs using wearable device on cardiovascular and respiratory functions in community based female elderly. Design: One group pre-post intervention study. Methods: Twenty-one older female participants lived in 'D' city were included. The personalized complex aerobic training program using wearable devices was applied to all participants for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, 30 minutes for per session. The participants' blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, submaximal exercise stress test, pulmonary function test and respiratory muscle strength test were evaluated before and after the complex training program. Results: After intervention, resting diastolic blood pressure, resting systolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure after submaximal exercise stress test were significantly decreased over time (p<0.05), and the submaximal exercise stress test duration were significantly increased over time (p<0.05). The maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was significantly increased compare to before the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that personalized complex training program using wearable device can provide personalized exercise intensity according to cardiopulmonary function that give feedback, and these interventions have a significant effect on improving the cardiovascular and respiratory system functions of the female elderly in the community dwelling.

Purpose: This study investigated the changes in body composition and serum lipid composition in obese women that were caused by a 12-week circuit exercise regime including both field and aquatic activities. Methods: Subjects comprised a total of 36 women who had a BMI of more than $25kg/m^2$. The simple obesity group (n=17) had no current or past record of medical complications, whereas the group with complications (n=19) also suffered from hypertension and/or diabetes. The circuit exercise program consisted of 12 weeks of 60%HRmax exercise sessions, five days a week. Results: While changes in every variable of body composition were significant, there was no statistically significant difference in the changes in serum lipid composition variables. With the exception of BMI, the correlation between the simple/complicated groups and exercising was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: These findings suggest that while a complex circuit weight exercise program that includes aquatic exercises significantly and positively alters obese patients' body composition it does not create statistically significant changes in their serum lipid composition. It can still be concluded, however, that increasing the duration of the exercise program would be effective to influence this. Moreover, personalized exercise programs that fit the needs of the individual participants seem necessary, given that the effect of exercise on body composition and serum lipid composition was greater in patients with simple obesity than in those with complications.

As our whole society has become increasingly aware of safety and emphasizes the importance of preventing safety accidents, the airline cabin service sector is also facing a strong demand to improve practical system for aviation safety education. In this regard, the development of appropriate safety education programs and the getting of human resources who can develop and operate such programs are becoming key issues. This study aims to provide academic and practical implications for safety education and training in airline cabins by reconfirming the importance and direction of safety education in the context of airline cabin services, and by specifying and establishing qualification requirements for personnel who develop and operate such safety programs. To this end, we review the content that should be included in safety training programs, the qualifications required of developers, managers, instructors, and examiners who develop or operate such programs, and how safety training programs can be continually improved as relevant conditions change in the future. In addition, we have also suggested ways to train appropriate managers, instructors, and examiners, including improving the compensation system for them, and how to effectively manage trainees. In order to secure a higher level of aviation safety in the future, it will be necessary to continue research on the development of more diverse and high-quality aviation safety education programs and the training of related personnel.

Objective: Cognitive-motor trainings had a positive impact on cognitive function and dual-task trainings led to improvements of global cognitive function. The brain activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is another indicator that can infer cognitive function. This study aims to confirm the usability of the interactive system cognitive-motor training program and the changes in the prefrontal cortex through training. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: In this study, two cognitive tasks were randomly applied to 20 adults as cognitive-motor training using an interactive system, and the same task was performed using the original method. During all tasks, the brain activity of the prefrontal cortex was measured by the change in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in real-time using Functional Near-Infrastructure. After performing the tasks, the usability of the developed interactive system was evaluated by a usability questionnaire which consists of five items, and each item consists of a 7-point Likert scale that responds from 1 point to 7 points. Results: The HbO levels were increased during cognitive task performance than at the resting phase. And evaluating the usefulness of the interactive system, a questionnaire result showed that it would be useful for cognitive-motor programs. Conclusions: The cognitive-motor training using the interactive system increased the activity of the prefrontal cortex, and the developed wearable sensor-based interactive system confirmed its usefulness.

Purpose This study aimed to explore the experience of clinical nurses regarding training programs for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their educational needs. Methods Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, and quantitative data were analyzed according to Borich's formula. Data for the study were collected in March 2021 from 16 nurses who had completed a nursing program for critically ill patients with COVID-19 and were working at three hospitals designated for COVID-19. Results Participants' experiences were classified into three major categories, namely “Participation experiences and perceptions of the training program,” “Recommendations for improving the training program,” and “Perceptions of working in an infectious environment,” and 10 subcategories. According to Borich's formula, the most pressing educational needs in respiratory and non-respiratory nursing, respectively, were for “nursing care for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation” and “application of continuous renal replacement therapy and caring for patients.” Conclusion To prepare for the periodic emergence of communicable infectious diseases throughout the world and cultivate nursing staff to care for critically ill patients, it is necessary to develop nursing education programs with content corresponding to nurses' needs. This study can be used as base data for cultivating nursing staff for critically ill patients with communicable infectious diseases in keeping with clinical nurses’ educational needs and basic educational materials for nursing students. Trial registration CRIS, KCT0006359. Registered 20 July 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/

Single mothers are vulnerable to mental health such as depression, but emotional support is insufficient. Yoga is known to be effective in reduc-ing negative emotions and promoting resilience. This study was con-ducted in order to verify the effectiveness of yoga training programs in reducing depression and improving the resilience of single mothers. Participants in the study included 20 single mothers who belonged to the Single Mothers Association, who were randomly assigned to train-ing (n=10) and nontraining (n=10) groups. The yoga training program for single mothers consisted of Asana yoga, meditation, and mind ex-pression through expert meetings; a total of eight sessions were con-ducted once a week for 120 min. Testing for depression and resilience was performed before and after the program in order to verify the ef-fectiveness of the program. According to the results of the study, de-pression in single mothers who participated in the yoga training pro-gram was significantly decreased, and resilience was significantly in-creased. Therefore, the effectiveness of the yoga training program in lowering the depression of single mothers and improving resilience was confirmed. In the future conduct of many studies will be required in order to help the mental health of single mothers.

본 연구의 목적은 닥터헬기 응급의료종사자의 탑승자 집체 교육 경험을 탐색하기 위함이다. 자료 수집기 간은 2021년 3월 25일부터 4월 1일이며, 자료수집은 닥터헬기를 탑승하는 6명의 응급의료종사자를 대상 으로 초점 집단 인터뷰를 시행하였다. 심층 인터뷰와 현장노트를 통해 수집된 자료 내용을 분석한 결과, 닥터헬기 응급의료종사자의 탑승자 집체 교육 경험은 1) 형식적인 입문 교육 2) 유연하지 않은 역량 3) 이루어지지 않는 질 관리로 3개의 주제, 7개의 하위 주제로 구성되었다. 본 연구 결과 탑승자 집체교육 은 다양한 변수가 발생할수 있는 현장 적용이 가능하고 실질적이면서 팀워크 및 개인 역량 강화를 할 수 있는 새로운 교육 프로그램이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 안전한 항공이송 체계를 구축하기 위해서는 현장 요구도를 반영한 과학적이면서 체계적이고 역량을 강화할수 있는 실무교육 제공과 주기적인 질 관리가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of Doctor Helicopter Emergency Medical Workers in collective training programs. Data collection was conducted through focus group interviews with six Emergency Medical Workers from March 25 to April 1, 2021. Analysis of data collected from in-depth interviews and field notes revealed that the collective education experiences of these professionals consist of three main themes and seven sub-themes: 1) Perfunctory gateway education, 2) Inflexible competency, 3) Non-implementation of quality management. According to the results of this study, the collective training programs for Emergency Medical Workers were merely perfunctory basic education. There is a need for new, field-applicable collective training programs that are practical and capable of enhancing teamwork and individual skills among Doctor Helicopter emergency medical workers. To establish a safe air transport system, it is necessary to provide scientific and systematic education that reflects on-site demands, along with quality management.

본 연구는 재난관리 교육훈련 프로그램 특성과 교육훈련 효과성의 관계에서 재난관리 업무를 담당 하는 공무원의 역량이 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 20개 지역의 572명의 지방자 치단체 공무원에게 설문조사를 실시하고 구조방정식 모델(SEM)을 사용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 재난관리 교육훈련 프로그램 특성은 직접적인 영향은 없으나 재난관리 공무원 역량에 직접적 인 영향을 미치며, 재난관리 공무원 역량은 재난관리 교육훈련 효과성에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 결과는 공무원의 역량을 향상시켜야만 교육훈련을 통해 습득한 지식, 태도 등을 업무에 적용하는 교육훈련의 효과성이 향상될 수 있다는 것을 의미하는 것으로, 교육훈련의 최종목표인 효과성의 향상을 위해서는 단순히 교육시수를 늘리는 것이 아니라 공무원의 역량을 향 상시킬 수 있는 방향으로 교육훈련이 운영되어야 함을 의미한다.

This study attempts to examine the effect of the capacity of civil servants on the characteristics and effectiveness of education and training programs on disaster management. To increase the effectiveness of education and training programs, it is necessary to primarily develop strategies to improve their interpersonal abilities in terms of characteristics such as diversity, cooperation, and sustainability. By examining the mediating effects of the capacity of disaster management officials on the relationship between the characteristics of education and training programs and their effectiveness, this study identified which characteristics of education and training programs should be enhanced to improve the capacity of disaster management officials and improve the effectiveness of education and training programs.

This study examined the influence of situated teaching on the effectiveness of a property management company’s employee training. The study findings revealed that the training recipients exhibited a considerable improvement in learning outcomes after the intervention and showed an overall satisfactory learning attitude during the training. An expert interview and onsite investigation were performed to identify five systems (i.e., electrical and mechanical system, fire protection system, light-current system, elevator system, and gas system) in the sample apartment complex. These systems were used as the training materials. The study results determined that the recipients displayed lower degrees of familiarity with the electrical and mechanical, gas, and fire protection systems than with the other two systems. Therefore, this study suggested that more attention must be paid to these three systems in future employee training. Shift time did not affect the recipients’ familiarity with the location and operation of the apartment facilities and equipment. Thus, this study suggests that field supervisors must provide individual instructions to subordinate employees to ensure smooth property management. Property management service personnel provide round-the-clock field services to the residence areas they serve to immediately respond to emergency facility or equipment problems and minimize potential loss of property. This dedicated work attitude is aptly a core value that the property management service industry has long promoted.

Nursing students often face language and cultural barriers when participating in global training programs, yet evidence on their long-term transformative experiences remains limited. This phenomenological study explored the essence of nursing students’ experiences in a 16-week major-related global training program in the United States to guide the internationalization of nursing education. In-depth interviews were conducted with six participants, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Four categories and 14 theme clusters emerged, moving from initial ambivalence and linguistic difficulties to professional rewards and broad perspectives. Although participants initially struggled in the unfamiliar environment, the 16-week immersion contributed to meaningful changes in their professional identity and nursing philosophy. These findings suggest that integrated global training may serve as a meaningful educational strategy for enhancing international competence and shaping professional self-concept. Consequently, this research provides practical baseline data for developing future major-related global training programs to prepare nursing students for the professional challenges of the global healthcare environment.

본 연구는 화학안전 교육훈련 프로그램의 효과성을 평가하기 위한 방안을 탐색하고, 구체적인 평가 항목 및 문항을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 Kirkpatrick의 4단계 모델에 기반하여, 화학안 전 교육훈련 프로그램과 관련된 자료 분석, 전문가 인터뷰, 선행연구 분석, 전문가 델파이 조사를 수행하 였으며, 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 화학안전 교육훈련 프로그램 평가는 개인, 부서, 조직에 대한 기여도를 확인하는 데 중점을 두었으며, 각 4단계에서 12개의 구체적인 평가 방안이 도출되었다. 둘째, 평가 방안 도출 결과를 토대로 만족도 평가 공통문항 10개 항목 20개 문항, 현업적용도 평가 6개 문항이 확정되었다. 이 연구는 프로그램과 관련한 이해관계자들의 요구를 반영하고, 프로그램의 목적이 의도대로 진행되었는지 확인할 수 있는 실효성 있는 평가 방안과 문항을 개발했다는 데 의의가 있다. 이를 통해 화학안전 교육훈련 프로그램의 전반적인 효과를 종합적으로 평가할 수 있는 기반을 마련하고 화학안전 훈련교육 평가의 즉각적인 활용에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

This study aimed to explore evaluation methods and assessment items for chemical safety training programs utilizing Kirkpatrick's four-level evaluation model. The research included an in-depth analysis of program materials, expert interviews, literature review, and a Delphi survey. The resulting twelve specific evaluation strategies which derived across the four evaluation levels were utilized to find twenty items across ten categories for the satisfaction level and six items for the behavior level. These results provide actionable insights for improving current evaluation practices for chemical safety training programs by establishing a foundational framework for a comprehensive evaluation of the overall effectiveness of these programs. This study is significant in that it reflects the needs of stakeholders and develops effective evaluation strategies and items to ensure that the program objectives are achieved as intended.

본 연구는 창의성 계발 과학교육 사이버 연수 운영의 행·재정 지원 체제에 대한 요구분석의 결과에 근거하여 사이버 연수의 효율적 운영을 위한 행·재정 지원 정책 방향을 모색하는 데 목적을 둔다. 먼저, 지식기반사회가 요구하는 사이버 연수, 창의성 교육, 창의성 계발 과학교육의 당위성을 제시하기 위한 문헌조사 연구방법을 적용하였다. 둘째, 이스라엘 연수에 참가한 과학교사, 과학교육 사이버 연수 이수자, 일반 과학교사 및 과학/과학교육과 교수를 대상으로 창의성 계발 과학교육 사이버 연수에 대한 요구를 분석하기 위한 설문조사는 오웬의 체제모형의 투입, 과정, 산출/피드백 과정으로 구성된 분석 틀을 적용하여, 과정별 요인과 관련된 문항으로 구성된 설문지를 개발하여 적용하였다. 결론적으로 창의성 계발 과학교육 사이버 연수의 행·재정 지원체제를 효율적으로 구축하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 정책 방향이 모색되었다. 첫째, 투입 측면에서는 학교교육에서의 창의성 교육의 강조하는 정책과 함께 교사를 위한 연수가 제공되어야 할 것이다. 교사들에게 연수경비의 일부를 제공해야 할 것이며, 정부차원에서 프로그램을 개발하는 정책이 바람직하다. 둘째, 과정측면에서는 사이버 연수는 온라인 대 오프라인의 비율을 7:3으로 연간 방학중 2회의 빈도로 시·도교육청과 대학교부설 교원연수원이 공동으로 운영하는 것이 바람직하다. 특히, 연수의 내용의 질을 높여야 하며, 교육과정은 창의성 계발 과학교육 내용을 중심으로 과학수업 사례의 비중을 높여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 산출/피드백 측면에서는 과정에서와 마찬가지로 사이버 연수의 질 향상이 가장 중요하며, 교사들은 현장에 적용할 수 있는 교수방법적 지식과 기능을 강조해야 할 것이다.

The research intends to make policy suggestions for the improvement of administrative and financial system for cyber inservice training program of creativity-centered science education. Literature review was employed for seeking rationale of cyber inservice teachers training progams, creativity in school education, creativity-centered science education and demands of 142 science teachers and 43 professors of science and science education department were investigated through questionnaire. Policy suggestions for cyber inservice teachers training programs of creativity-centered science education were as follows: First, in terms of input aspect, school education should emphasize creativity and inservice training programs for teachers are necessarily provided. In addition, program fees are partially provided by government and financial support for developing cyber inservice programs should be provided at government level. Second, in terms of process aspect, cyber program should be organized at rate of 7 to 3 for on-line to off-line and contents should emphasize the creativity-related to science education as well as classroom example of exemplary cases. Moreover, provincial department of education and university affiliated inservice training center should cooperately administrate the program. Third, in terms of output aspect, quality of cyber inservice program is most important, in particular, pedagogical knowledge and skills should be stressed.

영어 교육에서 의사소통적 접근 방식을 채택함에 따라 한국 학생과 교사의 의사소통 능력을 향상시키기 위해 1995 년 교육부는 영어 원어민 화자를 모집하여 영어 교사로 활용하는 한국 영어 프로그램(EPIK)을 도입하 였다. 이 프로그램을 통하여 영어를 모국어로 사용하는 7개 나라에서 모집된 영어 원어민 교사들은 한국의 공립학 교에서 한국인 영어교사와 함께 영어를 가르치고 있다. 하지만 이 프로그램의 효율성에 대해 많은 의문이 제기되 어 왔다. 따라서 이 논문을 통해 EPIK 프로그램에 대한 조사를 통해 EPIK의 효과와 목표로 하는 프로그램의 현재 상태, 문제점 및 방향을 탐색하고자 한다. 끝으로 본 논문은 EPIK프로그램의 활용성을 높이기 위해 오리엔테 이션 및 교육훈련 프로그램에서 VR 사용가능성을 포함한 몇 가지 가능한 대책과 제안을 제시하고자 한다.

The introduction of the communicative approach in the English language education brings in a Korean the English Program in Korea (EPIK), which is a Korean government sponsored program established 1995. by the Korean Ministry of Education improve Korean students’ and teachers’ communicative competency in English within the public school system in Korea. For this goal, EPIK invites English speakers from 7 major English-speaking countries. However, the effectiveness of this program has been questioned in Korea. Thus, the objective of this paper is to explore the current status, problems, and the directions for the program to be aimed at, and for the effectiveness of EPIK through investigation of the program. Then this paper presents some possible solutions and suggestions including the possibility of VR use in orientation and training programs in order to empower both Korean teachers of English and English native teachers in Korea.

En Argentine, quatre modeles didactiques ont domine Ia formation des traducteurs : le modele de communication, le modele informationnel, le modele sequentiel et le modele linguistique (Arrizabalaga, 2012a). Cet article a pour but,dans un premier temps, de decrire les programmes de formation des traducteurs de trois universites d'etat parmi les plus renommees du pays - Universite nationale de Cordoba (Cordoba), Universite nationale de La Plata (Buenos Aires) et Universite nationale du Comahue (Rio Negro)de maniere a 1) rassembler les sujets selon les competences en traduction qui y sont cultivees, et 2) identifier les modeles de formation a Ia traduction prevalant dans chaque universite. Dans un deuxieme temps, il presentera le modele de connaissance comme une gageure dans Ia formation des traducteurs, notamment en rapport avec le developpement d'un enseignement axe sur Ia recherche en Traductologie. Finalement, illaissera Ia place a quelques reflexions sur Ia mise en reuvre des modeles de formation des traducteurs dans les differents niveaux de formation, a savoir : niveaux debutant, intermediaire et avance.