Earticle

본 연구는 ERP 시스템 구현에 있어서 필연적으로 발생하는 조직과 ERP 시스템 간의 불일치(Mismatch)와 Customization 이 ERP 구현 성공에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 개별 불일치 유형 별로 어떠한 Customization 이 적절한지를 파악하고, 제시하고자 하는 것이다. 실제 ERP 구현 시, 기업은 Customization 을 적게 하는 경향을 띠며, ERP 컨설팅 관련 종사자들은 ERP의 Best Practice 도입과 Customization 을 최소화 방안을 권장한다. 그러나 조직과 ERP 시스템 간의 불일치는 ERP 구현의 주요 실패 요인이다. 본 연구모형은 ERP 컨설팅 관련 종사자들을 대상으로 40 개가 넘는 프로젝트에서 수집된 자료를 사용하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구 분석 결과에서, 조직과 ERP 시스템 간의 불일치는 ERP 구현 성공에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 조직과 ERP 시스템 간의 불일치와 Customization 상호작용 항의 영향성 검증을 통해, 불일치를 Customization 이 해결함으로써, ERP 구현 성공에 유의적인 영향을 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 Customization 은 ERP 구현 성공과 유의한 관계가 없음을 실증적으로 제시함으로써, Customization 은 ERP 시스템 구현에 있어서, 주요한 고려사항이 아니라는 것을 밝혀냈다. 그리고 개별 불일치 유형에 대한 Customization 방법을 분석함으로써, ERP 구현 성공을 위해서 사용자 요구사항에 있어서의 적절한 Customization 은 어떠한 것인지를 실증적으로 파악할 수 있었다.

최근에 캐릭터 커스터마이징 서비스가 다양하게 보편화된 이후 서비스마다 모두 다른 UI와 용어들이 혼재하고 있어서 사용자들의 불편함도 함께 증가하고 있다. 또한 갑작스럽게 늘어난 서비스에 비해서 아직 활용할 수 있는 연구 결과나 디자인 가이드가 마땅히 없으므로 새로운 서비스를 기획하거나 개발할 때 참고할 만한 자료가 부재 하다. 본 연구에서는 현 시점에서 캐릭터 커스터마이징 UI들이 어떻게 구성되어 있는지 상위 5개의 메타버스, 모 바일 게임, PC게임 서비스의 캐릭터 커스터마이징 시스템 UI를 조사하고 경향을 분석했다. 첫째, 커스터마이 징 항목의 수는 분포가 매우 다양했다. 얼굴의 이미지 형성에 큰 영향을 미치는 눈, 눈썹, 입, 그리고 상체의 조절 항목이 가장 세분화 되어 있었다. 둘째, 용어의 일관성이 떨어져 기능을 인지하기 어려운 점이 발견되 었다. 셋째, 커스터마이징 조절 도구의 위치를 조사한 결과, 세로형 메타버스에서는 상�하단에, 가로형 PC와 모바일 게임에서는 좌우 배치 또는 유동형 배치로 구성되어 있었다. 넷째, 커스터마이징 조절 도구의 유형은 대분류에서는 선택형, 중분류에서는 선택형, 하위 단계에서 조절형으로 구성되었으며 일부 복합형도 있었다. 다섯째, 조절 수치의 범위 역시 일관성이 없고, 초기 값에 대한 상대적인 수치의 가감으로 조절하고 있어서 사용자들의 정확한 의사소통과 직관성을 위한 보완이 요구 되었다. 여섯째, 색상 선택 기능은 일부 항목에 한정되어 있었고, 시스템에 제안된 범위의 색을 선택하거나 색공간을 이용할 수 있었다. 패션 선호도와 트렌 드를 민감하게 반영하고 있는 점이 발견되었다.

Recently, since character customization services have been diversified and common, different UIs and terms ar e mixed for each service, so users' inconvenience is also increasing. In addition, compared to the sudden increa se in services, there are no research results or design guides that can be utilized yet, so there is no data to refer t o when planning or developing new services. Therefore, in this study, how the character customization UIs are structured at this point in the top 5 metaverse, mobile games, and PC game services character customization sy stem UIs were investigated and trends were analyzed. At this point in time when character customization servi ces are becoming more common, the results of investigation and analysis of the overall trend of service UI can be usefully utilized when developing a new customizing system. This study is a data that investigates overall tr ends in a situation where inconsistent UI and terms are mixed and there is no adequate prior research as the cha racter customization system is rapidly becoming common, and it can be used as a basic guide when trying to d evelop a new character customization system.

In the modern beauty industry, customers started to want ‘their own design,’ which differs from others in terms of consumption propensity. It is also required to apply customization reflecting customer needs to hairstyling. In hairstyling, customization offers diverse aesthetics and special experiences through one-on-one personalization. This study reanalyzed the meaning of customization, focusing on ‘personalization’ and ‘customer engagement.’ Based on the basic data of previous studies, this study performed mixed research against both hairdressers and customers. Head shapes were identified through one-on-one customization. Then, customer-wanted hairstyles were recorded through analysis of facial features. Expert consulting has become a turning point to build customer trust. The one-on-one customized consulting shows the potential to become a means of communication for haircuts that meet customer needs. In fact, every person has his/her taste and pursues a different haircut. The expert consulting referred to each preferred hairstyle through the manual has become the ground for hairstyle composition. The one-on-one customized haircut consulting would become an expert sphere, enhancing the added values of hairstyles. This study is meaningful because it developed a customized haircut consulting manual to enhance a hairdresser’s occupational value and organically improve customer experiences and reflections.

在现代美容产业，顾客的消费取向开始追求区别于他人且‘专属于自己的设计’。反映顾客需求的这种定制方法有必要在发型设计行业应用普及。发型设计行业的定制作为一对一量身定制，可为顾客提供多种发型设计带来的审美乐趣和特别的体验。本研究以‘个性化’和‘顾客参与’这一现代社会主流消费心理作为切入点，重新阐述了定制在一线美容行业的意义。另外，根据理论考察收集的基础资料，带动发型师和顾客的共同参与，并采用综合研究方法(Mixed ResearchMethods)开展了研究。以一对一量身定制方法，掌握头部情况，并分析脸部五官，记录了顾客想要的发型设计。以专家的视角提供的咨询服务，则成为与顾客形成信赖关系的桥梁。一对一个性化定制咨询服务可以成为基于顾客诉求完成发型设计的沟通工具。每个人都有不同的嗜好，追求的发型设计也各不相同。通过发型手册，了解顾客想要的发型风格，然后由专家给出建议的咨询服务方式是发型设计的基础。本研究的目的在于基于一对一量身定制的剪发咨询手册，提高发型师的职业价值，而本研究的意义在于开发有效反映顾客经验

This study tried to verify the influence how the customization affect on customer loyalty and repurchase intention, these are essential factors for the customers to evaluate service in experience to the hotel industry. Also, the practical analysis has been done by customers who had ever used hotel restaurants located in Seoul to cross-check how the customer trust affect mediating effects on the relationships between customization and customer loyalty and repurchase intention. The results of the practical analysis discovered that the customization and the customer trust make influence on customer loyalty and repurchase intention. And the Customer Trust affect mediating effects on the relationships between customization and customer loyalty, repurchase intention. The ultimate results of this study brings up the new direction in ways the training of the hotel employees and customer relationship marketing in management of the hotel restaurants.

소비자 취향의 다양화와 다품종 소량 생산의 수요에 따라 패션계에서도 다양한 커스터마이징 서비스가 소개되고 있다. 그러나 커스텀이 익숙하지 않은 소비자에게는 진입장벽이 높으며, 다양한 기능이 오히려 복잡하게 작용한다. 본 연구는 패션 플랫폼 매출 1위인 마플과 가장 유사한 서비스를 제공하는 플랫폼 3곳을 비교모델로 선정한 후 사례분석을 통해 웹 기반 패션 커스터마이징 플랫폼 설계를 위한 기초연구로 활용하고자 하였다. 연구 방법으로는 문헌 조사를 통 하여 이론적 고찰을 진행한 후, 레이아웃, 메뉴, 컬러, 아이콘, 인터렉션을 기준으로 웹을 분석 후 설문을 진행하였다. 연구 결과 옵션의 배치, 메뉴창의 구성, 포인트 컬러의 개수, 메타포의 기능이 없는 아이콘 사용 등이 커스터마이징 플랫폼 이용에 방해가 된다는 것을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 해결방안을 제안하고, 웹 플랫폼 디자인의 시각적 조형 요소를 종합적으로 분석하여 향후 개발될 커스터마이징 웹의 사용성을 높이는데 기여하고자 한다.

Various customizing services are also being introduced in the fashion industry in line with the diversification of consumer tastes and the demand for small production of multiple varieties. However, barriers to entry are high for consumers who are not customized, and various functions are rather complicated. This study selected the three platforms that provide the most similar services to Marple, the No. 1 fashion platform sales, as comparative models and used them as a basic study for web-based fashion customization platform design through case analysis. As a research method, theoretical examinations were conducted through literature surveys, followed by web analysis based on layout, menu, color, icon, and interaction. The study found that the placement of options, the composition of menu windows, the number of point colors, and the use of icons without functions of metaphores hindered the use of customizing platforms. This work proposes a solution, and aims to contribute to increasing the usability of future customizing web by comprehensively analyzing the visual shaping elements of web platform design.

본 연구는 소비자 만족도에 영향을 미치는 고객화와 신뢰성이라는 두 가지 정성적 품질요인의 가치를 정량화하고자 하는 시도이다. 일반적으로 소비자의 만족도는 상품의 구매여부로 연결되며 이것이 최종적으로 기업의 성과를 결정짓는다. 따라서 고객화와 신뢰성의 가치산정 과정에는 생산자의 평가보다 소비자의 상품에 대한 주관적 가치판단이 필수적으로 포함되어야 한다. 이에 1998년부터 매년 한국 생산성 본부가 발표해 온 국가 소비자 만족도 지수(NCSI)와 소비자의 가치판단에 의한 설문자료는 이 연구에 직접적인 분석 대상이 되었다. 즉 구조방정식 분석 모형에 의해 추정된 NCSI와 소비자 설문으로 수집된 품질요인 지수 간 회귀분석을 통해 고객화와 신뢰성이 소비자 만족에 미치는 상대적 중요도를 산업 및 업종별로 측정할 수 있었다. NCSI 자료 분석결과, 미국 ACSI의 경우와 동일하게 상품의 고객화와 신뢰성이 고객만족도에 양의 영향을 미치며 전 산업분야에 있어서 고객화가 신뢰성보다 상대적으로 중요한 품질요인임이 확인되었다. 고객화와 신뢰성이라는 품질요인의 상대적 중요성은 기존의 연구결과와는 달리 단순히 제품과 서비스의 구성비에 따라 구분된 산업부문의 특성에 의해 영향을 받기보다는 각 제품의 용도, 본원적 기능, 품질수준 및 편차, 품질측정의 객관성, 소비자 계층과 기대수준, 상품기술의 발전 등 상품과 소비환경의 속성에 따라 결정된다는 사실을 밝혔다

In this study, we tried to measure the value of two major quality factors of customer satisfaction-customization and reliability. Favorable customer satisfaction directly results in customer loyalty and repurchase decision, and it eventually determines the business performance of a company. That is the reason why customer's subjective assessment of his consumption experience should be included in the measurement process of customization and reliability. However, the measurement process had been considered very difficult due to the qualitative nature of the factors. Recently, the annual National Customer Satisfaction Index(NCSI) and the associated customer survey data by the Korea Productivity Center provided us with a motivation to initiate the measurement process. Specifically, the relative importance of customization and reliability could be measured by estimating the regression relations between NCSI and the quality factors. The estimation results showed that customization and reliability of a product have positive impacts on the customer satisfaction, and customization is more important quality factor than reliability over all industry sectors. Another finding is that unlike the previous studies, the relative importance of two quality factors did not show a significant relationship with the industry specific characteristics along the four level goods-to-services continuum. Rather, the value of customization and the reliability on the customer satisfaction was mainly determined by the product and customer specific characteristics such as basic product functions, level of average product quality and its variance, ease of quality measurement, consumer groups and their expectation and innovation of production technology.

커스터마이징 서비스는 단순 상품판매를 하는 기존 온라인 쇼핑몰과는 달리 구매자가 직접 커스텀 해야 하는 차이점이 있기에 사용자 중심의 원활한 커스텀이 가능한 작업환경이 제공되어야 할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 티셔츠 커스 터마이징 웹 GUI의 사용편의성 연구를 목표로 티셔츠 커스터마이징 서비스를 제공하는 웹사이트 3곳을 선정하여 티셔 츠 커스터마이징 웹사이트의 현황을 분석하였다. 또한 선행연구를 통해 커스터마이징의 특성이 유의한 웹 GUI 디자인 가이드 평가원칙을 일관성 및 명료성, 조작성, 피드백, 오류의 대처, 마지막으로 공유 및 검색의 용이성으로 총 5가지의 평가원칙을 정립하였고, 이를 바탕으로 티셔츠 커스터마이징 웹 GUI디자인 가이드라인 초안을 작성하여 이를 GUI 관 련 전문가 집단을 대상으로 3차례의 델파이 조사를 실시하여 티셔츠 커스터마이징에 효과적인 웹 GUI 가이드라인 평가 항목의 내용타당도를 확인했다. 본 연구는 향후 티셔츠 커스터마이징 웹의 제작 및 사용성을 높이는데 기여하고, 효과적 인 커스터마이징 웹 GUI 디자인 참고자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

Unlike conventional online shopping malls that handle simple product sales, customization services have to be provided with a user-centered and smooth customizable work environment because of differences that buyers have to customize themselves. To study the ease of use of T-shirt customization web GUI, three websites that provide T-shirt customization services were selected to analyze the current status of T-shirt customization websites. Through prior research, we establish the evaluation principle as consistency and clarity, operability, feedback, coping with errors, sharing and ease of search. Based on this, the T-shirt customization web GUI design guidelines were drafted and three delphi surveys were conducted on GUI-related experts to prove the validity of the web GUI guidelines evaluation items that are effective in customizing T-shirts. This study is expected to contribute to increasing the production and usability of the T-shirt customization web and to be used as an effective reference for customization web GUI design.

자율주행 기술의 발달로 자율주행형 공유 차량에 대한 기대감이 확산하고 있지만, 공유 차량에서 ‘소유 만족감’을 느끼기 힘든 것이 사실이다. 본 논문에서는 자율주행형 공유 차량 탑승 단계에서의 커스터마이징을 통해 이러한 소유 만족감이 충족될 수 있는지에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구 조사와 현재 공유 차량 이용상에서 만족/불편 요소 에 사전조사를 진행했다. 이후, 커스터마이징 요소에 대한 선호도와 각 요소가 소유 만족도에 미치는 영향을 CVT를 통해 검증하였다. 사전조사 결과 후각적 요소와 인터랙션 요소가 소유 만족도에 더 큰 만족도를 주며, CVT 결과 탑승 요소의 커스터마이징을 통해 소유 만족도 충족이 가능할 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 향후 자율주행 차량의 인터랙션 디자인과 공유 차량의 서비스 디자인 연구를 위한 기초 자료로서 제시하였다.

In this paper, we study whether customizing at the self-driving shared vehicle boarding stage can satisfy ownership satisfaction. To this end, a preliminary survey was conducted on the general public on the factors of satisfaction/uncomfortable in the current shared vehicle use along with a prior research survey. Subsequently, we validate the preference for customizing elements and their impact on ownership satisfaction through CVT. Pre-investigation has shown that olfactory and interaction elements give greater satisfaction to ownership satisfaction, and CVT results show that the customizing of boarding elements will enable the satisfaction of ownership satisfaction.

The human brain has the ability to learn things through language and recognize and make a decision by reason and memorizing, along with having the ability to learn from objects. Recently, all industrial sectors started to become interested in how the human brain functions. In addition, people from many different occupations including scientists, planners, educators, and designers began to ask questions about how things are processed in the brain. Even if an era where humans are ruled by machines comes, with the growth and development of information and communication technologies, making such machines and providing information starts in the human brain. The concept of ‘beauty’ can vary. You can perceive that someone looks beautiful because your brain thinks that way. The human brain assesses aesthetics via face and body shape and interprets the information and visually sends the meaning. In the modern cosmetology industry, consumers started to have ‘their own design’, which makes them different from others. This study attempted to investigate people’s preferences for customized hair consulting services and provide basic data, which is needed to develop tailored consulting strategies by personalizing haircut styles and enhancing hairdressers’ values. Previous studies were used for consulting on haircut images. This study targeted offering aesthetics through hairstyling by reinterpreting the meaning of customization, focusing on ‘personalization’ and ‘customer participation’ and providing hairstyles with convenience in aesthetics, increasing self-esteem from hairstyles, and simplicity in innovative design. This study aims to establish the grounds which could have a positive influence on the growth and development of the hairstyling industry based on the results of the analysis on the necessity of experts and consumers for the development of a customized haircut consulting manual, which draws co-participation from both hairdressers and customers. Provided that if design perfection is enhanced through such haircut consulting, customer satisfaction based on the necessity of logical consulting data through a combination of experts’ implicit knowledge and skills after reflecting consumers’ opinions can be increased. It is anticipated that the value of a hairstylist’s job will further increase as it is a sphere that cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence. In the hair industry consulting could become a positive social concept.

人的大脑作为人体的一部分，其功能是通过学习语言形成对事物的想法和记忆，并通过学习形成认知以及 判断能力。最近，所有产业都开始十分关注大脑的运行方式，而且包括科学家、规划师、教育家、设计师等 在内的各领域专家学者们业都对大脑处理信息的方法产生了浓厚的兴趣。随着信息通讯技术的发展，即便迎 来机器支配世界的那一天，但机器的制作以及在机器中安装的信息芯片这些都离不开人脑。根据每个人的审 美标准，对‘美丽(Beauty)’形象的看法也各不相同。人之所以从视觉上产生审美感知，是因为大脑作出美的判 断。我们的大脑通过分析脸部以及身体形状，作出对美的评价和解释，然后把作出的判断发到视觉神经上。 现代美容产业中消费者的消费倾发生了变化，越来越多的消费者开始追求不同于他人且‘专属于自己的造型’。 本研究目的在于通过调查个性化美发咨询满意度，进行个性化发型设计，提高发型设计师价值，开发为顾客 量身定制的咨询服务。本文对前期研究成果进行梳理，用作剪发造型咨询服务的基础性资料。本文围绕‘个性 化’和‘顾客参与’这两大现代社会的消费心理话题，从美容实践的角度重新阐释个性化概念，旨在为顾客提供 富有美感、简练方便、令他人向往的发型设计，使顾客提升对发型的自信，同时赋予发型创新价值。另一方 面，通过研究专家和消费者需求差异，引导发型设计师和顾客的共同参与，开发个性化美发咨询指南，为今 后美容产业发展奠定坚实的基础。笔者认为，如果积极反映消费者的意见，结合专家的经验和技术，并依据 富有逻辑性的咨询资料，满足顾客对美的追求，通过美发咨询不断完善发型设计，那么即便迎来AI时代，发 型设计师的职业也不会面临被机器所取代的局面，反而会提升发型设计师的职业价值，同时有望在美发领域 逐渐形成美发咨询服务这一新的服务概念。

본 연구는 MIM(Mobile Instant Messenger) 서비스에서 소비자들이 구매하는 이모티콘 번들의 구성을 개 인이 선택 가능토록 하는 맞춤화(customization)를 하는 것에 대한 소비자들의 반응을 설문을 통해 확인함으 로써, 이모티콘 시장에서 맞춤 번들링이 유효한 마케팅 전략인지를 증명하고자 한다. 현재 국내 MIM 서비스 에서 이용되는 이모티콘은 순수 번들링의 형태이다. 이에 따라 이모티콘 번들 내에 포함된 모든 이모티콘을 사용하지 않음에도 필요한 이모티콘만 따로 구입이 불가능하기 때문에 어쩔 수 없이 번들 전체를 구입해야 한다. Hitt and Chen (2005)과 Wu and Anandalingam (2002)은 소비자가 순수 번들링에 포함된 제품 및 서 비스 중 일부만 가치있게 생각한다면 맞춤 번들링이 훨씬 수익성이 좋음을 증명하여 순수 번들링의 대안으 로서 제시한 바 있다. 맞춤 번들링은 한계비용이 0에 가까운 상품일 때 적합한데, 이모티콘과 같은 정보재의 경우 이러한 조건을 충족한다. 반면, 맞춤 번들링은 선택 가능한 옵션을 증가시키기 때문에 복잡성의 문제를 낳을 수 있고(Blecker et al., 2004), 소비자는 정보의 과부화를 겪게 될 수도 있다(Huffman & Kahn, 1998). 따라서 맞춤 번들링 도입 필요성에 대한 판단은 상품의 특성 및 소비자들의 반응에 대한 실증적 분석을 통 해 이루어질 필요가 있다. 설문조사를 통해 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과, 맞춤 번들링을 도입하였을 때, 소비자들의 구매의도와 지불의 사금액은 유의하게 증가하였다. 맞춤 번들에 대한 구매의도는 기존 순수 번들에 대한 구매의도보다 리커트 5 점척도 기준으로 0.44 정도가 증가하였다. 구매의도의 증가 정도는 기존에 순수 번들을 구매한 경험의 유무 에 따른 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 기존에 순수 번들 구매 경험이 없는 그룹의 경우는 50% 정도의 응 답자가 맞춤 번들의 구매의향을 밝힌 것으로 확인되었다. 반면 구매 경험이 있는 그룹에서는 87% 응답자가 구매의향을 밝힌 것으로 나타났다. 지불의사금액은 전체 그룹에서 기존 이모티콘 가격 대비 약 2.8% 증가하 였다. 기존 구매경험에 따라 분류하여 분석하면, 구매 경험이 있는 그룹에서는 5.9% 증가하였고 구매 경험이 없는 그룹은 기존 가격 대비 약 5%가 싸다면 살 의향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 종합적으로 이모티콘 번들에 맞춤 번들링을 도입하는 것은 소비자의 긍정적 반응을 이끌어낼 수 있으며, 실무적으로도 유효한 마케팅 전 략이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study confirms the responses of consumers when the composition of emoticon bundles can be selected by individuals in MIM service. This aims to verify that customized bundling is a valid marketing strategy in the MIM emoticon market. Currently, the emoticon bundling used in Korean MIM services is in the form of pure bundling. As a result, Consumers must purchase an entire bundle even though he/she doesn’t need to use all the emoticons contained in it. Some researches(e.g. Hitt & Chen, 2005; Wu & Anandalingam, 2002) show that when consumers value only part of the products or services included in pure bundling, customized bundling is much more profitable. In their works, customized bundling is appropriate when marginal costs are near zero. Information goods, such as emoticons, meet the condition. On the other hand, customized bundling increase the choosable options, so it can pose a problem of complexity (Blecker et al., 2004). And consumers may experience information overload(Huffman & Kahn, 1998). Thus, judgement on the necessity to introduce customized bundling needs to be made through empirical analyses in the light of characteristics of the product and the reaction of consumers. Results show that when customized bundling was introduced, consumers' purchase intention and willingness to pay significantly increased. Purchase intention for customized bundles has increased by 0.44 based on the five point Likert scale than the purchase intention for existing pure bundles. The increase in purchase intention for customized bundles was statistically independent of the existing purchasing experience. In addition, the willingness to pay was increased by about 2.8% compared to the price of the existing emoticon bundles in the whole group. The group with experience in purchasing pure bundles were willing to pay 5.9% more than pure bundles. The other group without experience in purchasing pure bundles were willing to buy if they were about 5% cheaper than the existing price. Overall, introducing customized bundling into emoticon bundles can lead to positive consumers responses and be a viable marketing strategy.

본 연구의 목적은 고객 개개인의 욕구를 충족시키는 마케팅 전략인 고객맞춤화(커스터마이제 이션)를 특수목적대학인 육군사관학교의 홍보 전략에 적용하여 효율적인 홍보 시스템을 모색하 기 위함이다. 육군사관학교는 그동안 수험생들의 특성이나 경쟁상대인 다른 특수목적대학들에 대한 분석 없이 일반적인 학교의 장점만을 부각시키는 홍보마케팅을 지속해왔다. 그동안의 고전 적인 방식을 탈피하여 발전적인 홍보방향을 모색하기 위해 본 연구는 다차원척도법을 이용한 이미지포지셔닝 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 육군사관학교와 유사한 성격의 특수목적대학들에 대한 10가지 이미지속성을 도출하고, 속성평가를 실시하여 집단 간 경쟁관계 정도와 유사속성 등을 비교분석한 결과, 여자 수험생들은 남자 수험생들과는 육사와 해사, 공사의 이미지를 다양한 요 소별로 각각 차별적으로 인식하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 계열에 따른 구분에서도 인문계 수 험생의 경우 육사가 전통성과 체력, 선후배간의 유대관계에서 우위에 있다고 평가하는 반면, 자 연계 수험생의 경우 체력과 선후배간의 유대관계는 각각 공사와 해사가 우위에 있다고 평가한 다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 육사는 남자 수험생에게는 전통성을, 여자 수험생에게는 체력을 중 심으로 경쟁우위에 있는 인식요소들을 더욱 부각시킬 수 있는 홍보 전략을 세워야하며, 인문계 수험생에게는 전통성과 체력, 선후배간의 유대관계를, 자연계 수험생에게는 전통성을 중심으로 홍보 전략을 세워야한다. 특수목적대학의 수험생들을 성별과 계열별로 차별화한 홍보전략이 차 후 새로운 입시 홍보 시스템 수립을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study is to prepare the efficient and effective public relations system by applying customization to the public relations strategies of Korea Military Academy. This study includes image positioning of 5 special purpose academies, attributes evaluation of 10 attributes, and comparisons of attribute value. Through this, the academies that are in competition with KMA and the similarities between the academies and KMA are analyzed in this study. The study showed that male examinees recognize that KMA has more similarities with Naval and Air Force Academies than female examinees do. Liberal arts examinees recognize that KMA is superior to other special purpose universities in terms of traditionality, physical strengths and senior-junior relationships. On the other hand, natural sciences examinees recognize that Naval and Air Force Academy is superior to KMA in terms of physical strengths and relationships. We expect the PR strategy that differentiates examinees classified by sex and curriculum tracks to be a basic data to reestablish public relations system for special purpose university.

중국의 스마트폰 시장은 매우 급속한 성장을 이루고 있으며, 이동통신 서비스 공급자와 제조업체들에게 새로운 기회를 제공하고 있다. 그러나 이런 중요성에도 불구하고 중국의 스마트 폰 사용자에 대한 실증적 연구는 희소하다. 이에 본 연구는 스마트폰 기반의 이동통신서비스에 가입한 중국인 사용자들을 대상으로 이들이 지각하는 모바일 플랫폼 특성, 사용자-서비스 간 상호작용성 특성, 그리고 사용자 감성 특성의 변수들이 기술수용모델의 지각된 편리성과 지각된 유용성을 매개로 사용 확산에 미치는 인과적 영향관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 1:1 설문 방식을 통하여 데이터 수집이 이루어 졌으며 그 결과 총 589부의 설문지가 회수되었다. 회수된 설문은 구조 모델을 활용하여 통계적 분석을 시행하였다. 가설 검증 결과 일부 가설을 제외하고 대부분의 가설이 유의한 것으로 나타났 다. 상호작용성과 맞춤성은 지각된 편리성에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 맞춤성과 오락성은 지 각된 유용성에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 지각된 편리성과 유용성을 매개로 사용 확산에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 중국 스마트폰 이용자의 특성 요인과 수용 확산간의 관계를 확인할 수 있었으며, 중국 이동통신시장을 이해할 수 있는 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다.

Smart-phone service and device market in China have been growing very rapidly, which is giving new opportunities to both mobile service providers and IT manufacturers that want to go global. However there have been scanty researches on Chinese smart-phone users' behavior. The purpose of this paper is to identify and investigate the causal relationship of mobile platform characteristic, user-service interaction, emotional characteristics and use diffusion mediated by perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which are two main mediating variables of TAM model. A total 589 questionnaires are collected and analyzed to identify the relationship among variables in the model. Result of the analysis supported the causal relationship proposed in this study. Interactivity and customization affected perceived ease of use positively. Also customization and playfulness make a positive effect on perceived usefulness. The variable of use diffusion was mediated by perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as expected. Some implications are presented upon the result of our analysis. Some limitations and future directions are also discussed.

Until recently, successful implementation of ERP systems has been a popular topic among ERP researchers, who have attempted to identify its various contributing factors. None of these efforts, however, explicitly recognize the need to identify disparities that can exist between organizational information requirements and ERP systems. Since ERP systems are in fact “packages”-that is, software programs developed by independent software vendors for sale to organizations that use them-they are designed to meet the general needs of numerous organizations, rather than the unique needs of a particular organization, as is the case with custom-developed software. By adopting standard packages, organizations can substantially reduce many of the potential implementation risks commonly associated with custom-developed software. However, it is also true that the nature of the package itself could be a risk factor as the features and functions of the ERP systems may not completely comply with a particular organization’s informational requirements. In this study, based on the organizational memory mismatch perspective that was derived from organizational memory theory and cognitive dissonance theory, we define the nature of disparities, which we call “mismatches,” and propose that the mismatch between organizational information requirements and ERP systems is one of the primary determinants in the successful implementation of ERP systems. Furthermore, we suggest that customization efforts as a coping strategy for mismatches can play a significant role in increasing the possibilities of success. In order to examine the contention we propose in this study, we employed a survey-based field study of ERP project team members, resulting in a total of 77 responses. The results of this study show that, as anticipated from the organizational memory mismatch perspective, the mismatch between organizational information requirements and ERP systems makes a significantly negative impact on the implementation success of ERP systems. This finding confirms our hypothesis that the more mismatch there is, the more difficult successful ERP implementation is, and thus requires more attention to be drawn to mismatch as a major failure source in ERP implementation. This study also found that as a coping strategy on mismatch, the effects of customization are significant. In other words, utilizing the appropriate customization method could lead to the implementation success of ERP systems. This is somewhat interesting because it runs counter to the argument of some literature and ERP vendors that minimized customization (or even the lack thereof) is required for successful ERP implementation. In many ERP projects, there is a tendency among ERP developers to adopt default ERP functions without any customization, adhering to the slogan of “the introduction of best practices.” However, this study asserts that we cannot expect successful implementation if we don’t attempt to customize ERP systems when mismatches exist. For a more detailed analysis, we identified three types of mismatches-Non-ERP, Non-Procedure, and Hybrid. Among these, only Non-ERP mismatches (a situation in which ERP systems cannot support the existing information needs that are currently fulfilled) were found to have a direct influence on the implementation of ERP systems. Neither Non-Procedure nor Hybrid mismatches were found to have significant impact in the ERP context. These findings provide meaningful insights since they could serve as the basis for discussing how the ERP implementation process should be defined and what activities should be included in the implementation process. They show that ERP developers may not want to include organizational (or business processes) changes in the implementation process, suggesting that doing so could lead to failed implementation. And in fact, this suggestion eventually turned out to be true when we found that the application of process customization led to higher possibilities of failure. From these discussions, we are convinced that Non-ERP is the only type of mismatch we need to focus on during the implementation process, implying that organizational changes must be made before, rather than during, the implementation process. Finally, this study found that among the various customization approaches, bolt-on development methods in particular seemed to have significantly positive effects. Interestingly again, this finding is not in the same line of thought as that of the vendors in the ERP industry. The vendors’ recommendations are to apply as many best practices as possible, thereby resulting in the minimization of customization and utilization of bolt-on development methods. They particularly advise against changing the source code and rather recommend employing, when necessary, the method of programming additional software code using the computer language of the vendor. As previously stated, however, our study found active customization, especially bolt-on development methods, to have positive effects on ERP, and found source code changes in particular to have the most significant effects. Moreover, our study found programming additional software to be ineffective, suggesting there is much difference between ERP developers and vendors in viewpoints and strategies toward ERP customization. In summary, mismatches are inherent in the ERP implementation context and play an important role in determining its success. Considering the significance of mismatches, this study proposes a new model for successful ERP implementation, developed from the organizational memory mismatch perspective, and provides many insights by empirically confirming the model’s usefulness.

Smartphone services seem to be appealing to people worldwide and show rapid growth in mobile service market. Based on the theoretical framework like attachment theory and self-congruity theory, we developed the research model and proposed six hypotheses. An analysis of 113 smartphone service users found that continued use intention in smartphone services is affected by uses' attachment to the service. We also found that the attachment is significantly increased by self-congruity, customization, and perceived usefulness. Our aim was to gain insight into ways of creating an environment that facilitating continued use intention of smartohone services. This study has important implications for academic researchers and practitioners who seek to understand why smartohone service users continuously use their smart phone services. Other practical implications of these findings and future research implications are also discussed.

ASP service users’ needs for flexible and customized services to deal with changes in business environments and user contexts seems to be appealing due to the progress of technology and IT paradigm such as ubiquitous computing and web 2.0. Through the lens of expectancy confirmation and flexibility, we explored factors that influence users’ repurchase intent and organizational benefit in ASP services. With an empirical study, we examined information quality, service quality, flexibility, customization, user satisfaction, trust in ASP services can contribute to the repurchase intent and organizational benefit. In addition to, business type and company size are added to the research model as control variables for user satisfaction, trust, and repurchase intent. Our findings suggested that the service quality and flexibility significantly were cruicial determinant of user satisfaction in ASP services. Furthermore, user satisfaction significantly influenceS repurchase intent, and organization benefits were affected by repurchase intent. This study has important implications for academic researchers and practitioners who seek to understand factors that affect ASP service users’ repurchase intent and organization benefits.

Huge amount of useful information is getting added to the academic digital world everyday, This digitalized information is heterogeneous and remained limited to a local domain only. How to integrate and share this scattered knowledge with simplicity remained a big challenge. In this paper, we propose a prototype of web application for accomplishing above task using web 2.0 features; it makes traditional academic digital libraries to form as a special case of collaborative environment. This application enables users to customize their own resources to form their own virtual digital library. Further users can utilize personalized information of other users working in similar research domain to form true collaborative environment. The model and framework for the new look of academic digital library is presented.

As interest in beauty has increased, various studies have been conducted, and related companies have considered the anthropometric data handled between humans and interfaces as an important factor. However, owing to the nature of 3D human body scanners used to extract anthropometric data, it is difficult to accurately analyze a user's body shape until a service is provided because the user only scans and extracts data. To solve this problem, the body shape of several users was analyzed, and the collected anthropometric data were obtained using a 3D human body scanner. After processing the extracted data and the anthropometric data, a custom deep learning model was designed, the designed model was learned, and the user's body shape information was predicted to provide a service suitable for the body shape. Through this approach, it is expected that the user's body shape information can be predicted using a 3D human body scanner, based upon which a beauty service can be provide.

Design studio is a unique type of course in architecture and interior design education, in which learning is based on student-instructor interaction and learning by doing; yet little research has been conducted on student perceptions of the ideal design studio instructor. The purpose of this paper was to identify characteristics of the ideal studio instructor from student perspectives. Three award-winning design studio instructors' studio activities were observed, and the three instructors and their 40 students were interviewed. As a result, characteristics in four categories were identified. The author argues that providing customized feedback and allowing student autonomy are the two distinct characteristics that students value in design studio as compared to students in other fields or type of courses. The findings provide valuable insights to design educators who would like to strengthen their teaching studios by listening to student voices.

The enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is a standardized and advanced business process that many companies are implementing now-a-days through customization. However, it affects the efficiency of operations as these customizations are based on uniqueness. In this study, we analyzed the impact of customized modules and processing time on customer service request (CSR), by utilizing the stacked CSR data during the construction and operation of ERP, focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As a result, a positive correlation was found between unit companies and the length of ERP implementation; ERP modules and the length of ERP implementation; ERP modules and unit companies; and the type of ERP implementation and ERP module. In terms of CSR, a comparison of CSR processing time of CBO (customized business object) module and STD (standard) module revealed that while the five modules did not display statistically significant differences, one module demonstrated a statistically very significant difference. In sum, the analysis indicates that the CBO-type CSR and its processing cost are higher than those of STD-type CSR. These results indicate that companies planning to implement an ERP system should consider the ERP module and their customization ratio and level. It not only gives the theoretical validity that should be considered as an indicator for decision making when ERP is constructed, but also its implications on the impact of processing time suggesting that the maintenance costs and project scheduling of ERP software must also be considered. This study is the first to present the degree of impact on the operation and maintenance of customized modules based on actual data and can provide a theoretical basis for applying SW change ratio in the cost estimation of ERP system maintenance.