Earticle

Kimchi that contains high amount of salt can be detrimental to health. The aim of this research is to develop low-salinity Kimchi using well-fermented Kimchi lactic acid bacteria (LAB), paying attention to the fact that using the low-salt replacements can cause other side effects. Six cups of pre-fermented Chinese cabbage Kimchi, using 50%, 75%, 100% amount of salt respectively were used. Jonggajip Kimchi liquid was added to one cup of Kimchi per each group with different kinds of salinity. For the Kimchi group without added Kimchi liquid, their pH have increased after two weeks of fermentation. The absorbance of the group added Kimchi liquid was higher than the one of the group without added Kimchi liquid. After fermentation, the bacterial colonies were divided into different types (A, B, C, D, and E). In control group, type A and type C, which were grown much in common at the first week, were major LAB. In the group added Kimchi liquid, the bacterial distribution in the low-salinity Kimchi including the Kimchi of control group were completely changed. Addition of Kimchi liquid is able to diversify kinds of Kimchi bacteria and to induce competition among them.The bacteria A showed the largest amounts of growth at about 5~6% salinity. B 5~6%, C 4%. As a result of extracting and identifying LAB from Kimchi, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, Lactobacillus sakei was types of Kimchi bacteria. Different from other two LAB, B.subtilis showed outstanding effect on decreasing salinity. From the experiment with high absorbable resin in order to observe the process of salinity decrease by lactobacillus, it was concluded that the bacteria decrease the salinity by absorbing Na ion. Consequently, by controlling the speed of kimchi fermentation throughout control and selection of LAC, the possibility of developing low sodium Kimchi was raised.

Planarians store the memory in nerve system, so if they divided into several pieces, each individual still forget they memory. I want to know their memory ability and learning ability, I do the 2 experiments. To know memory ability, I training them and divided into several pieces, to know learning ability I cut them and training them. I cut them by 2 ways, one is different parts, another is different size. As a result, nerve’s amount effect to the memory ability and nerves place effect to the learning ability.

Host-specificity is an important aspect of parasite diversity. Mammalian chewing lice are highly host-specific ectoparasites that demonstrate adaptive specialization to morphological characteristics of their host, such as hair shaft diameter. Studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between louse head groove width and host hair diameter, suggesting an anatomical relationship that is crucial to louse survival. This study aims to assess the relationship between hair shaft diameters of goats and rostral groove dimensions of the chewing lice that parasitize them. Thirty chewing lice (Damalinia limbata) attached to guard hairs were removed from the nape region of three adult goats of different breeds (Anglo-Nubian, Saanen and Boer), for a total of 90 lice and hair shaft pairs. Rostral groove width and hair shaft diameter were measured using microscopy and MIPro Standard v1.1 image analysis software. The results showed no correlation between the louse rostral groove width and hair shaft diameter. This suggests that goat chewing lice have a rostral groove that allows for attachment to variable host hair shafts, and that hair shaft diameter as a physical adaptive constraint may be less apparent at the level of individual hosts of the same species, providing new insights into host-parasite evolutionary relationships.

The Electronic cigarette (also known as e-cigs) was originally developed with the goal of replacing cigarettes, and to eventually have people quit smoking altogether. However, e-cigs seem not to be as ideal as it is made out to be. This study identifies the level of addictions between e-cigs and cigarettes and their respective effects on embryonic development of chicks and physiological change of mice. The study is made up of four different experiments; toxicity test (skin irritation test and oral toxicity test), effect on chick embryonic development, addiction of e-cigs (cigar preference test) and physiological change (body weight and blood test). Test results from the UV spectrophotometer showed that fish exposed with e-cigarette vapor have 7.67-11.8% more absorbance (OD) than the control group. Chick embryonic development were also found to be more negatively affected by exposure to e-cigarettes than cigarettes. On top of that, the cigar preference test shows the extraordinary nicotine addictiveness of e-cigs by mice ingesting Congress, one of the e-cigs, as a substitute to water amounting up to 50% of their daily intake. Therefore, this study implies that e-cigs is not at all an ideal replacement or alternative to normal cigarettes.

Cell cryopreservation plays a central role in reproductive technology. A major impediment to the development of cell cryopreservation is that there has yet to be found cryopreservation solutions that successfully prevent destruction of cellular tissue caused by intracellular hydro expansion. This study utilized the Korean traditional bioceramic onggi in sperm cryopreservation. Onggi emits far-infrared ray that stimulates cellular biological activities, promotes antioxidant effects, and prevents cellular toxicity. This study explored onggi’s ability to maintain the structural integrity and motility of sperm when onggi exposure media are used as cryopreservation solutions. It also tested whether onggi exposure media could alleviate freeze damage caused by ice crystals and reduce toxicity of cryoprotectants. The results showed that onggi exposure media reduced sperm toxicity during freezing, minimized abrupt thermal changes during thawing, and promoted sperm motility before and after actual cryopreservation. Onggi exposure media could also alleviate the damaging toxicity effect that existing cryoprotectants inherently have on cells. In conclusion, if the conditions to produce a synergy effect between onggi and cryoprotectants during cryopreservation are met, the newfound properties of onggi may well aid in the advance of reproductive technology

Environmental movements to return captured wildlife to nature are accelerating globally. From dolphins to killer whales, many species of marine organisms receive training to adjust to life in the wild. Different techniques can be utilized in behavioral training process including exposure to light sources (light training). Using classical training to teach Rasbora (Rasbora daniconius) to associate green light and food, other colors were tested to observe the optimum wavelength for behavioral training. Colored LED lights of blue, red, and white with short, long, and mixed wavelengths respectively were tested after complete training with green light which lasted ten days. The group of Rasbora was successfully trained to show feeding behavior when conditioned stimulus of green light was presented even in the absence of food. When introduced light of red and white, Rasbora showed feeding behavior almost identical to that of green light exposure. However, blue light elicited no clear feeding behavior in the group. As Rasbora have preference over light with long and mixed wavelengths such as red and white light, it can be inferred that red and white light is more effective in behavioral training. Blue light of short wavelength was found to be ineffective for detection of stimulus.The results demonstrated that the potential programs for returning wildlife back to nature can achieve success based on the understanding visual perceptions of marine animals such as those of rasbora.

As information technology is developing, the Smart phone became one of the ways to spread diseases. However, most people still do not care about contamination from Smart phones. At least, some are using antibacterial coating to cleanse the liquid crystal display, but these antibacterial coatings have latent dangers especially the nano materials. If silver accumulates in the body, it doesn’t exit easily even if people use hemodialysis and heavy metal removal. Therefore the goal of this research is to make safe antibacterial smart coatings. This research will focus on Quorum Quenching effect of onion and garlic. Quorum Quenching inhibits the signaling responses include adaptation to availability of nutrients, defense against other microorganisms which may compete for the same nutrients and the avoidance of toxic compounds potentially dangerous for the bacteria. It is very important for pathogenic bacteria during infection of a host to co-ordinate their virulence in order to escape the immune response of the host in order to be able to establish a successful infection. In this research, we used Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteric, which are three representative bacteria that inhabits in Smart phones. Experiments were conducted using Congo Red staining method and Crystal violet staining method.

Laundry detergents and shampoo often include artificial surfactants in order to precipitate cleansing process. Since shampoo and detergents easily blend with tap water, they are likely to pollute water after being disposed into rivers. Considering the harm of artificial surfactant, this study is aimed to discover the malfeasance of artificial surfactants by mixing products containing artificial surfactant with river water and reducing the malfeasance. Measuring malfeasance rate is conducted by mixing experiment samples with tap water and river water from Han River in Seoul, South Korea. The standard for lower malfeasance and harmless product shows smaller negative deviation from the ORP rate and smaller positive deviation from the conductivity rate. Based on the result of the malfeasance experiment, the study about reducing malfeasance is conducted with blending materials for reducing pollutants such as citric acid, effective microorganism (EM), and egg yolk oil. Samples with EM showed the greatest effect in water purification process.

Briquettes were produced from dried Syzygium samarangense leaves using paper as binder. The briquettes were compared based on their physical and chemical properties. The briquettes with 37.5% biomass yielded the longest burning time and longest ignition time. While the briquettes with 0% biomass yielded the shortest burning time and the shortest ignition time. The briquette with 0% biomass proved to be the strongest among the three. The briquettes with 50% and 37.5% biomass did not break under about 2100 grams but only bent. The results of the study show the potential of using dried S. samarangense leaves as a source of making biomass briquettes.

The paper aims to identify the Co-relationship between the amount of Garbage and the Elements of Urban Characteristics. As urban societies grow diverse, existing method cannot fit to the present situations. To analyse the co-relationship between the household waste and the urban characteristics, population variables, land use variables, housing variables, transportation variables, and economic variables are used as independent variables which show urban characteristics. Fifteen variables are selected as independent one. Dependent variable is the amount of household waste from Statistics of Ministry of Environment. After Correlation analysis four variables (administrative area, industrial area, number of detached houses, and road length) could be discarded through the correlation analysis. With multiple regression analysis with eleven variables, four variables (property tax, household number of apartment, commercial area, number of household) were statistically significant. Regression function indicates that the amounts of household waste depend on the urban characteristics features. The most significant variables (highest to lowest) are: property tax, number of household, household number of apartment, and commercial area. The number of population is not statistically significant to household waste.

This study was conducted to know the impact of artificial sweetening accumulated in environment on plants and animals. The study was consisted five experiments as follows; threshold level of artificial sugar sweetness, effect on microorganism, effect on animals, effect on plant and market research. Three things are expected by the result of this study. First, whether organism uses artificial sweetening as a source of energy can be observed. As a result of yeast and bacteria experiment, organism can use artificial sweetening as an energy source, just like sugar. Second, the impact of artificial sweetening inside of organism is found. Throughout mice experiment, it was found many types of sweetening raises the blood sugar level. Therefore, the hypothesis that artificial sweetening is not harmful to human body is wrong. Furthermore, using artificial sweetening as a substitute of sugar for health seems to be a wrong decision. Third, it was checked that artificial sweetening causes negative impacts by accumulation in environment. As a result of plants experiment, when sugar is taken by human, it is decomposed inside and when it is excreted, changed form is accumulated in environment. On the contrary, as artificial sweeteners like Aspartame or Acesulfame K cannot be decomposed inside of human body when people take sweeteners, they are excreted and accumulated in their original structures and hamper the growth of plants.

Many indicators of damaging earthquakes are hard to predict natural disasters around the world in the direction of standing happening. In this situation, our goal is to explore the peak ground acceleration at any point measured progress by predicting know, about the damage done to help us respond quickly to predict that this will become. The study uses seismic data in three thousand PGA that can represent the energy from the earthquake. To set the relative distance of the area, the epicentral distance was also measured to determine the relationship magnitude. And the distance according to the number and the actual sign of the deviation by comparing the number, size and the number of observation points around the geotechnical investigation station ingredient was determined according to the correction value. This allows us to explore the magnitude and epicentral distance of the earthquake, the ground component known around the observatories PGA, that is to estimate the actual magnitude could make a series of steps.

Wind turbines use the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into either mechanical or electrical energy. A wind turbine is an environmental-friendly way of generating power. This study is done to calculate the necessary size of wind turbine application to provide sufficient electrical power to the Edenville Countryhomes subdivision at the Philippines. The total power consumed by the entire subdivision was calculated as well as the average wind speed in the area, the density of air, and the wind turbine power coefficient. The calculation used and manipulated is the Power in the Wind equation. It was found that the Edenville Countryhomes would need a wind turbine with a radius of 13 meters altogether in order to generate sufficient electrical power.

The range of motion is the maximum degree and direction a joint can move. It is measured during diagnosis and physical therapy in order to assess physiological gain or loss. Conventionally, orthopedic doctors measure the range of motion using a mechanical instrument called a goniometer. With this method, the joints are measured one by one, making it a tedious task. A program utilizing the Leap Motion Controller, an infrared-based motion detector able to detect hands and fingers, was developed to allow simultaneous and instantaneous measurement of the range of motion for the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of both hands. Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop an alternative method for measuring the range of motion (flexion and hyperextension) of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the human finger. The program can compute for the angle by calculating the distance between the joint positions in 3D space and applying a derived form of the Law of Cosine. The program is currently able to fulfill the project’s goals, however its measurements must still be compared to a manual goniometer measurement. If its measurements prove to be accurate, the program will benefit orthopedic doctors and patients alike with a faster and more convenient way of range of motion measurement.

The Malassezia usually found on skin surfaces of many dogs such as the outer ears, the toes, anal sacs, vagina, rectum, and the back skin surfaces that the sebaceous glands pass by can be opportunistically infected by bacterial, viral, or fungal that do not cause disease in a healthy host, but in a healthy immune system host, and that is caused by Malnutrition, Fatigue , HIV Infection, Damaged Skin, Chemotherapy for Cancer, Antibiotic treatment, Medical Procedure, and Pregnancy. It is hard to be perfectly removed, or be completely cured so it is easy to recurrence when the host immune systems become healthy for the Malassezia. This study suggests how to prevent the recur of the Malassezia for dogs.

Dental cavities are one of the most prevalent health problems worldwide, that 60% to 90 % of school children and nearly 100% of adults have dental cavities according to WHO. A recent study suggests that dead lactic acid bacteria prevent dental cavities by decreasing the number of plague bacteria. For further investigation, an experiment was conducted to observe the antibiotic effect of various types of lactic acid bacteria against cavity-causing oral bacteria. The result was applied to rabbit by feeding rabbit food covered with lactic acid bacteria, which showed a decrease of number of plague bacteria in the mouth.

P.oleracea, commonly known as a pigweed, is reported as a plant that lowers cholesterol increased by high-fat diet, is effective to improve the liver function (Won et al., 2011), activates antiobesity cell (Lee et al., 2006), and is effective to decrease the obesity cell. This research was aimed to observe antioxidative and antibacterial effect of P.oleracea on pathogenic bacteria and to study its antiobesity effect on mice. P.oleracea was extracted in two different ways-organic solvent and hot water-, and then liquefied culture and agar diffusion method were done on 6 types of bacteria-Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Vibroparahaemolyticus- in order to check its antibacterial effect. Moreover, after P.oleracea extract, sugar solution, or the mixture of the two was provided to mice and their weight increase were checked, and through dissection afterward, their change in immunity was observed. Antioxidative ability was tested through the oxidation of iron and DPPH radical scavenging activity. As a result, P.oleracea showed antibacterial activity over 70% on 5 types of bacteria except E.coli, and mice that P.oleracea extract was provided with sugar had similar rate of weight increase to the control group. While weights of liver and kidney of mice in sugar provided group were heavier than the control group, P.oleracea extract provided group had similar weight to the control group, which shows that the extract help metabolism. Moreover, its antioxidative ability was confirmed by improving the oxidation of iron and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Conclusively, P.oleracea has high antibacterial activity on pathogenic bacteria, prevents from obesity caused by sugar, and has outstanding antioxidative effect.

In this research paper, it will identify whether the Heart Vein Opening Drink, a solution to cardiovascular diseases that is widely spreaded among the community, have the cardioprotective properties as the community said. Cardiovascular diseases is now one of the most threatening diseases to mankind, thus if there is a prevention or cure to it, research should be done to identify it and to find the reason behind this. However, the results in this research are conflicting and demands for further development of research.

Original pressure sensitive film (the main ingredients are polymers) has the ability to sense stimuli and function as a tactile sensor. However, its effectiveness is not very good. To make up for this, flexible pressure-sensitive materials using CNT polymer substrate is used instead of conductive particles such as carbon black. In the case of nano particles of pressure-sensitive material using CNT conductive filler, the electrical conductivity increases by particle quantum tunneling effect by decreasing of particle spacing. So it’s able to develop signal strength and resolution comparing to pressure sensitive materials before. Especially it is much more effective to touch two tactile sensors together than using as it is. At this point, conductivity shows different phenomenon according to nano patterns in the touched area. To find the most effective pattern, I tested the tendency of effectiveness of the tactile sensor depend to the changes of the surface pillars’ size. To maximize the effectiveness of the tactile sensor, smaller size of pillars was better.

There has been increasingly large demand for next generation high speed transport system to compliment air travel and for aerospace vehicle launchers for uses such as low orbit space transports. In this study, characteristics of two pulsed power accelerator designs commonly referred as Rail Gun and Gauss Gun were tested with the custom designed experimental set up. Velocity and various side effects during the operation of the accelerator, such as “suck-back” effect and rail erosion were noted and were used to achieve minimum set of controls defined as controlled acceleration, deceleration and deflection respectively. The experimental system with four sets of acceleration motors were able to achieve acceleration with measured energy efficiency peaking at 3 percent. It was concluded that the concept of transport system utilizing electromagnetic pulsed power system can be viable with relatively simple requirements while allowing unique designs without its form factor limited to conventional strictly linear path.