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The solar oven is an invention used for cooking. This is one way to reduce using electric energy by using renewable energy: solar energy. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of pressure on the efficiency of the solar oven. The oven is made in a 30-centimeterdiameter cylinder shape from 1.25-millimeter-thick iron and covered with heat resistor. The cover is made with 8-millimeter-thick transparent acrylic that has a transmitting efficiency of about 0.80. The ratio of the volume of the oven per area of cover is 13.75. In addition, this oven has a reflector that can adjust the angle for proper sunlight direction to come inside the solar oven. In this experiment, we compared experiments at pressures of 1 and 2 atm by increasing the air inside the solar oven. At 2 atm, the temperatures of air and water had trended to steady state faster than at 1 atm .The heat efficiency of water in higher pressure was greater, while the temperature at 2 atm was more stable than that at 1 atm.

The feasibility of producing plastic samples from Styrofoam products dissolved in d-limonene oil was determined in order to help solve the problem of the increasing demand for plastic bags and the continuous buildup of Styrofoam wastes that pose severe environmental threats. The plastics were made by dissolving the Styrofoam products in d-limonene at a ratio of 0.37 grams of Styrofoam to 2mL of d-limonene (Bautista, 2002). The solutions were then placed into molds, immersed in glycerol and left to air-dry to produce a plastic-like polymer. The product was then flattened and tested for strength, biodegradability and permeability, in comparison with biodegradable plastics from a local bookstore. Three samples of each type of plastic were subjected to such tests with each test having controlled setups. The weight before the plastic ruptures was taken for the strength test while the initial and final weights were taken for the permeability and biodegradability tests. A t-test for correlated samples was used to compare the two types of plastics. The experimental plastic was found to be comparable to commercially available plastic sheets, in terms of permeability and biodegradability but not in strength.

Green packaging film continuously gains attention attention nowadays. Efforts to improve it mechanical p roperties have been explored through nanotechnology. ZnO nanoparticles incorporation to biofilms was exp lored. Nano-ZnO was purchased from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. with 80 - 200 nm diameters. Bionanocomposite was done by dispersing 1-3% (w/ w) nanoparticles of the total starch in water under ultrasonication and magnetic stirring. Ratios of 3:1:1:9 of starch, glycerine, acetic acid, and water were mixed. Solution was heated to 85C to gelatinize. It was casted to molders, dried at 23'C, and peeled. Control films were also prepared. Mechanical properties were tested using Universal Testing Machine. Chemical groups were obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Antimicrobial assay against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger was performed. Analysis was done at least in triplicates. Average tensile stress of 443.97MPa with 171.09% elongation for control and 477.03MPa with 107.80% elongation for samples with 1% nanoZnO were recorded. Strength was statistically increased without varying appreciably the strain. Bands shifting ofC-H, CO, alkanes, alkenes, and hydroxyls groups were detected. FTIR suggested ZnO-bioplastic interaction. Zone ofinhibitions (ZI) were 25.06mm (E.coli), Omm (S. aureus), and Omm (A. niger) for control. Bioplastics with 1% nanoZnO had 26.04mm (E.coli), 25.28mm (S. aureus), and Omm (A . niger) inhibitions. Films with 3% nanoZnO had 26.47mm (E.coli), 25.49mm (S. aureus), and Omm (A. niger) inhibitions. Control films initially inhibit E. coli growth only. Films with nanoZnO exhibited antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms except in fungi. Results revealed that nanoZnO improves the bioplastic mechanical strength. It further illustrated the market potential of ZnO nanobiocomposite films as green packaging material with protection against microbes.

As a result of culturing E.Coli in undernutrition condition, while there was no change in general growth, two types of E.Coli, energy storing E.Coli which contains resistance to different stressing environment and energy consuming E.Coli with increased energy consumption and decreased resistance to each stress, was able to be separated. Their character could be inherited even after repeated culture, and this was confirmed throughout the experiment; it was mutation in a perspective of epigenetics. Energy storing E.Coli obtained increased resistance to low temperature, thus if this E.Coli was used to store gene and transform character, the efficiency increased.

Using the method of fixing carbon dioxide in the soil, reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere and thereby experiments were performed in order to provide a means to suppress the greenhouse. We have noticed that Carbon dioxide(CO2) is a critical cause of green house effect from lots of references and in case of Venus, there is 95% Carbon dioxide stirs up deadly serious green house effect. These days, green house effect caused by emission of carbon dioxide is regarded as important problem so there are many sorts of trying to reduce this not by just a country but by cooperating countries. As a result of the carbon dioxide in the soil and supply the three forces, increased content of soil bacteria from soil of horticulture, the soil that collected in mountain, and the soil that cultivate crop. As a result of these, the problem has not occurred in the soil supplied the carbon dioxide when it, to screen the soil bacteria breeding at the time of supply will increase enforcement of carbon dioxide, was observing the state of the soil and the supply of carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide in the cultivation of plants and the content of soil organic matter. It is also possible to confirm that the carbon dioxide is stored in the form of calcium carbonate by increasing the amount of calcium carbonate and is discharged into the atmosphere, rather than carbon dioxide. I was able to confirm the fact that they (In this case, the thing that they point out is the soil. The soil is very important storage that can absorb Carbon dioxide like a sea.) are also suppressed the generation of methane is a excellent greenhouse material.

To find out the reason why some protein which has specific sequence was not dyed by CBB that is commonly used as dying solution. This can be identify purification of protein like p53Transactivation Domain (TAD) which is not dyed by CBB and help the research of this proteins. After refinement, we're going to figure out through SDS-PAGE why separated TAD protein can't be dyed itself CBB and look for its solution. After finding out a dyeing principle of CBB, we can figure out the reason for not being dyed through analyzing a sequence of TAD. And we find another dying method that in accordance with TAD sequence. We can find that TAD is finally dyed after trying the method of silver staining. The reason why TAD is not dyed by CBB is there is a few amino acids that bind with CBB. We dyed TAD using silver staining that bind with another amino acids in TAD sequence.

The objective of this study was to investigate the electrochemical properties of Nafion/Pt-TiO2 composite membrane under various humidifying conditions. In this study, I synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles followed by the in-situ deposition of Pt nanoparticles on TiO2. The membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) was fabricated with Nafion/Pt-TiO2 composite membrane and tested for the cell performance and discussed. In this work, TiO2 nano-powders and TiO2/Pt nano-composites were prepared via sol-gel method. To evaluate and compare the electrochemical properties of the prepared material with the ones synthesized with commercial TiO2 nano-powders, X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), and PEMFC cell test were utilized. The results showed that sol-gel TiO2 had better surface characteristics and crystallinity when it underwent calcination and Pt-particles were deposited better on materials prepared through sol-gel method. It was concluded that optimum condition for high cell performance was obtained when TiO2 was processed through sulfonation and synthesized with sol-gel method.

We found that solution volume is increased during neutralization in our study. We thought that the cause of volume increase was hydration. We used height estimation equipment to measure the volume increase. Also, we made three kinds of solutions, HCI, NaOH, and KHP to verify a hypothesis. In the case of aq HCI and aq KCI solutions mixing with aq NaOH solution, volume increased. When the concentration increased, volume increased more. For these reasons, we draw a conclusion; the cause of volume increase is hydration.

Altitude measurement in fields, forestry and engineering remain essential but still conventional methods of altitude measurement remain challenging. Present altitude measurement methods include height poles for trees and photogrammetric instruments. Both methods remain arduous as either process is both time and money consuming or susceptible to large parallax errors. In this innovative work an altitude and distance calculating device out of potentiometers based on trigonometry was developed. A laser diode was attached to a potentiometer, and the other components were soldered together in a circuit board. Device accuracy and precision was determined. User satisfaction survey was also noted. For the altimeter testing, the lasers were pointed at the top of the object and the device was placed at a 1-meter distance from the base of the object. The device was set to measure different heights from 0.5 m to 2.5m. For the distance sensor, the lasers were pointed at a 1-meter height and the device was set to measure different distances from 0.5m to 2.5m. Three replicates for each trial were performed and device readings were then compared to actual measurements to determine accuracy. Standard deviations of reading were then computed to determine precision. Net Promoter Score was used in order to assess external evaluator feedback. An Arduino based altimeter and distance sensor was successfully fabricated with 94.2 percent degree of accuracy and 95.4 percent precision for height measurement. For the distance sensor, a 91.4% accuracy, and 95.4% precision was determined. The device garnered a net promoter score of 66%.