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This study was able to develop a community based sewage treatment system composed of a water monitoring device, a real-time web-based platform, and a helophyte filtration system using waste plastics that only costs 1380 USD. To determine the most efficient helophyte filtration system, setups namely: Horizontal Subsurface Filter, Vertical Subsurface Filter, and Hybrid filter were evaluated on water effluent parameters namely: Biological Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Nitrate, pH, Total Suspended Solids, and Phosphorous with water quality guidelines from the Philippine Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016. Results showed that the filtration systems’ removal efficiency varied on Nitrification, BOD and TSS. V-SSF filter had high Nitrate and BOD with removal efficiency of 90.61% and 97.55% respectively but poor TSS rate with 66.28% removal efficiency. H-SSF filter showed good BOD and TSS results with removal efficiency of 96.44% and 79.81% respectively, but showed poor Nitrate with 85.91% removal efficiency. Hybrid Filter showed high Nitrate levels with 93.36% removal efficiency. An Arduino with GSM-based transmission and sensors for turbidity, pH, DO, and temperature was used for water monitoring. The website used GSM and python to capture and parse data in a MySQL database via XAMPP server. PHP and google maps API and Charts.js. were used for data retrieval and projection. This study concludes that the developed system is an effective community based water treatment system. V-SSF filter showed high removal efficiencies and cost practicality than other Subsurface systems. Transmission from Arduino to website was also effective in data dissemination.

Wind energy has significant growth recently. According to the numbers, wind energy had grown a lot since 2011. Despite of wind energy, other renewable energy resources are also available, and they all have their own characteristics. Energy sources such as co-firing helps reduce the pollution. This article shows the development of wind energy and its market. At the same time, giving the potential and future outlook of offshore wind energy. For now, energies such as coal burning could also be improved to reduce the amount of pollution made.

Microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cells are fabricated with laser-assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (LAPECVD) system at low temperature. An LAPECVD system is a unique combination of such developments that utilizes both laser and plasma to assist the relevant chemical reactions. To optimize the performance of the silicon thin film solar cell, microcrystalline intrinsic thin film was inserted as absorption of the solar cell. Therefore, the performance efficiency was upgraded from 6.04 mA/cm2 to 7.01 mA/cm2, which says that solar cells fabricated with LAPECVD have higher efficiency and better for the environment with less use of solar power making more usable energy.

Tacna, is a city located in the South Peru, a Latin-American country catalogued like one of the mega-diverse countries of Peru. Its combination of latitude and topography creates numerous ecosystems which are home to an extraordinarily rich flora and fauna. The present study’ objective is to give an overview on medicinal plants and fruits species employed in traditional therapies in Tacna, Peru. Fieldwork was conducted between April and June of 2019. Data was collected through literature survey on various books of medicinal plants and their uses, and through valued research papers online. Twenty two fruits and medicinal plants, mainly herbs, were indicated to have medicinal properties. The most important families in terms of Taxa were Lamiaceae (18.18 %), Asteraceae (9.09%), Rubiaceae (9.09%) and Myrtaceae (9.09%). The planst and fruits investigated proved to have many medicinal properties and its price, was affordable. However, future studies on quantification of the use of medicinal plants, dynamics of transmission of ethno-medicinal knowledge to the young generations and comparison with available pharmacological data on the most promising medicinal plants are suggested.

Solar energy is one of the renewable energy resources with the greatest potential and could be the world's largest source of electricity by 2050. Accurate quantitative data of the variation of solar radiation reaching the earth surface, together with relevant meteorological parameters are essential requirements for conducting a wide range of scientific studies. The aim of this study is to estimate global solar radiation using duration of sunshine and other observation data. The sunshine-based model performed well in terms of their coefficient of determination with R2 = 97.21% given by the linear Angstrom-Prescott (1940) model in Changwon. The results indicate that the calculated clearness index and relative duration of sunshine shows excellent data.

In this paper, I researched about proper classification to increase solar generation efficiency with rooftop PV panels. Solar energy efficiency calculation was limited to the individual’s uses. However, Solar energy’s demands are increasing, we need to city level presumption. In this classification, modeling process was based on Busan. To reduce mistakes, this model’s generation data was made by the average of 2019 data. Python was used for the calculation and modeling process. However, I could not find the area of building from its various type. Hence, I supposed that the area of buildings is maximum in its limitation. Therefore, this model can be different in a real situation. Moreover, this research shows that limitation of building to maximize solar generation quantity can not influence much in solar generation quantity. I think it is because Building Acts provides enough sunshine to houses. Presumptions show that the smaller scale of generation was more profitable than the larger one. Furthermore, estimating solar grids is complex. Therefore, I estimated solar grids with less complexity.

As environmental concerns about the piling up of onshore wind turbine blades in landfills are on the rise, questions also arise regarding the disposal of decommissioned offshore wind turbine blades in the near future. Through a data mining process conducted on online databases of offshore wind farms, this study analyzed the growing pattern of offshore wind farms across countries and the scope of diversity in the type of wind turbine blades to decommission in the coming decades. The total capacity of offshore wind farms worldwide was found to increase rapidly, especially in the past few years. Besides the 17 countries with offshore wind farms currently in operation, 36 additional countries were found to have plans for building offshore wind farms. The first stream of rotor blades to decommission from offshore wind farms with a capacity above 400 MW is expected to be as early as year 2032. Common materials used for these rotor blades are composite materials, most of which can reportedly release hazardous gases during certain disposal processes. More research is needed to identify regulatory or technological strategies useful for the safe handling of these wastes.

We posted a survey in the subreddit r/Brunei and 54 people answered it. This survey strongly suggests that the people of Brunei under the age of 30 are very pessimistic of Brunei successfully sustaining itself when its main source of revenue and energy, fossil fuels, runs out in 2035. However, they are supportive towards Brunei investing and improving in Brunei’s future sooner than later to secure the country’s economy, revenue, and energy, and ultimately maintain the standard of living of the population. They are also generally willing to take up environmental-friendly activities such as use public transport if it is well developed and convenient. For effective measures, the government can implement projects making renewable energy easier to access to encourage the locals to use renewable energy, particularly by making renewable energy cheaper and providing loans. The government could also aid the locals in making decisions to use renewable energy, basic knowledge of using and maintaining relevant renewable energy. Moreover, the government should make renewable energy more competitive than fossil fuels in terms of convenience and cost to push locals to use renewable energy, while encouraging locals to adopt renewable energy though mass media.

This study aims to provide an optimal method that can yield the largest amount of chitin. Specifically, this study aims to compare the amount of chitin extracted from mud crabs (Scylla serrata) between different samples varying in the concentrations of the acid treatments during the demineralization and deproteinization processes. Chitin was extracted from ground Scylla serrata shells. During the demineralization process, samples were soaked in different HCl solutions: 1% concentration, 5% concentration, and 8% concentration. Likewise, during the demineralization process, samples were soaked in different NaOH solutions: 1% concentration, 5% concentration, and 8% concentration. The samples were tested for chitin through FTIR analysis, while chitin yield was determined by ANOVA testing. The results showed the optimal chitin yield can be extracted from Scylla serrata shells by soaking the samples in the lower HCl concentrations during demineralization and higher concentrations during deproteinization, specifically 5% HCl and 8% NaOH respectively. Furthermore, soaking the samples in 1% HCl does not successfully extract the calcium carbonate, thus unable extract chitin. The results of this study can be used to further extend current knowledge of chitin extraction from mud crabs (Scylla serrata) to obtain high-yielding results.

As animal testing is prohibited, the purpose of this study is to protect the bioethics of plants through mention of restrictions on plant testing and no action taken. In this study, coral water was used as an experiment subject, and a study was conducted that suited the purpose of using aroma scented candles, sound effects, and physical devices. Waveforms before and after scented aroma candles were checked with an oscilloscope to check and analyze changes in current flowing through plants. According to the'Pavlov's Dog' theory, the process of reproducing and stimulating specific sound effects was repeated to determine the presence or absence of consciousness. After the sound effect, we compared and analyzed the waveform when the stimulus was applied and when only the sound effect was played to determine whether the plant was conscious. Coral water did not stabilize in the presence or absence of awareness through aroma. Therefore, experiments with aroma scented candles confirmed that consciousness does not exist. However, in the conditional reflection experiment of the'Pavlov's Dog' theory, it was possible to confirm the existence of consciousness in coral water through conditions such as waveforms. Therefore, it was not possible to accurately judge the presence or absence of plant consciousness based on the results that satisfy only one of the two hypotheses in this study. However, the ability to respond to scents and sounds and make conditional reflections reveals the possibility of consciousness in coral waters.