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Wetland rehabilitation and the development of man-made wetlands are techniques employed on the Gold Coast of Southeast Queensland in Australia to provide, or re-establish, a stable habitat for native species. In addition to the benefits to wildlife, these wetlands provide a means of flood mitigation and water purification. This investigation attempted to determine if the man-made wetlands at All Saints Anglican School (ASAS) have developed to a point where water quality is like that of a natural wetland, and could sustain the introduction of native wildlife by way of a fauna breeding program conducted by the School. In 2010, several locations within the ASAS Wetlands were analysed to determine the level of dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, pH and total phosphates. Winkler Titration was used to determine DO, conductivity and pH levels were measured using a mobile PASPort probe, and phosphate levels were determined using colorimetric analysis. It was found that the DO levels had stabilized at a suitable level of 6.85ppm, by November of 2010. It was also determined that phosphate levels were minimal (<0.02mg/L) despite frequent nearby turf and garden fertilization, and that the pH was relatively stable (between pH 6.2 -7.4) and suitable for the introduction of wildlife, such as amphibians and fish. Conductivity readings, while suitable in theory (average of 3659S/cm), merit further investigation to determine if specific dissolved solids are at appropriate levels. Overall, it was concluded that the ASAS wetlands have matured to a point where the major parameters of wetland health mirror natural (not man-made) wetlands in the area, and are stable and suitable for breeding programs.

The main aim of this research is to reduce global warming through the use of cyanobacteria. As we all know, global warming is the world’s biggest problem and can potentially wipe out human race, so it is of utmost importance that global warming is reduced. Clearly, emission of large amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is the most significant factor that causes global warming. In this case, cyanobacteria obviously present a potential solution towards global warming, as it has the ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis which can greatly reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

We conducted an empirical investigation regarding the correlation between stocks. Specifically, we use methods of random matrix theory (RMT), which originated from the need to understand the interactions between the constituent elements of complex interacting systems, to analyze the correlation matrix C of returns. To analyze correlation between stocks, we used data from Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and Standard and Poor’s 500 (S&P 500). These data are grouped according to sector. The analysis is conducted by using MATLAB. Firstly, we compute a price matrix; return matrix and correlation matrix using time series. Next, we tried to obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Then, we plotted the graph of p( ) i.e. density of eigenvalues of correlation matrix. From the graph, we discover some important information such as the correlation between stocks.

Municipal solid waste is a very urgent issue with the non-stop increasing amount, including the aspect of treatment technology. This research is to give an overall assessment on current situation of municipal solid waste in the world, as well as an introduction of municipal solid waste incineration. Incineration technology, based on its advantages comparing with other ones, is becoming more and more popular in the world. Our calculated results show that the waste toxic treatment, the capacity, and the recovered energy are fully feasible. Its large capacity, clean treatment of toxic waste, and potential ability of reducing waste’s mass and volume prove that incineration is the optimum method of processing municipal solid waste in our near future.

This research aimed to determine the potential of tofu waste into ethanol and biogas production as non-food biofuels. Tofu waste is a byproduct of soybean processing to tofu. The process of making ethanol from tofu waste is ferment glucose inside tofu waste by Saccharomyces cerevisieae. Distillate it, and we can get the ethanol. Besides ethanol, tofu waste also can be converted into biogas. The process to make biogas is using anaerobic degradation method. The result of this research shows that ethanol and biogas from tofu waste can be used as alternative energy. The application of ethanol is for additive to gasoline, and also biogas can be used for heating, cooking, and produce electricity.

King Fruit not only have a delicious taste. But, this fruit also can make a waste that can be contaminated the environment. And, many people always handle it with making them as a compost. Here, I am using the experiment to search something important for this fruit. It’s known that actually King Fruit seeds contain 43,7 gram-46,2 gram carbohydrate every 100 gram King Fruit seed that can be converted into glucose. That mean, this fruit can be made as bio-ethanol as a new energy. And this type of ethanol can be used for the mixing of avtur. The fuel of aero plane. Before we get the ethanol, we should fermented it for about 3-4 days. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast for helping the fermentation. The same thing happens on King Fruit skin. This skin can be used as a substitute of battery. Because, this King Fruit skin contains high potassium as well. As a comparison, it can be compare with the normal battery that have energy 1,5 volt. This kind of king fruit skin have electycity energy as big as 1,25 volt.

Over the last decade, a significant increase in jellyfish blooms has been observed in the coastal waters of South Korea and is becoming a new nuisance for many local economies. Mounting evidence indicates that the most important factor for this surge in the number of jellyfish is a decrease in number of its natural predators, filefish. As a result, this decrease in the population of filefish has indirectly led to drastic damage caused by jellyfish all over Korean coasts. If over-fishing of filefish is to blame for this jellyfish bloom, it is important to establish measures to increase the number of filefish. To achieve this, the catching and consuming of this fish should be prohibited with releasing a large amount of filefish until the population reaches the necessary level. This study will analyze the economical validity of filefish proliferation for eliminating the jellyfish by calculating and comparing the cost and benefit of the program.

Recently, the bat was found to use its eyes in protection against predators and hunting, from behavioral studies. Therefore, in the present study, the distribution of calcium-binding protein presenting cells in bat’s visual cortex (VC) was researched. We stained various kinds of calcium-binding protein such as calbindin D28K, calretinin, and parvalbumin by immunocytochemistry. Calbindin D28K- and parvalbumin-IR neurons were mostly found in layers IV while calretinin-IR neurons were mostly found in layers II. Multipolar round/oval cell was the most frequent type in calbindin D28K- and calretinin-containing neurons. Multipolar stellate cell was the most frequent type in parvalbumin-containing neurons. Moreover, 67.01% of calbindin D28K-, 23.61% of claretinin-, and 76.99% of parvalbumin-IR neurons were GABAergic interneurons. Based on these results, we inferred the processing of vision in the bat’s brain. Present data could also be used as pioneer study in significance of different calcium-binding protein distribution among layers in various species’ visual cortex.

Environmental pollution monitoring has been a very important concern in global community as the global environment goes from bad to worse by industrialization. In this paper, we suggest a technology applicable to real-time monitoring for gas-phase or liquid-phase contamination. This technique is based on IR molecular spectroscopy. We think that it is very effective in determining a wide variety of contamination materials in water purification including organic compounds harmful to the human body. In addition, we expect that this technique is also applicable to air-pollution detection.

This experiment investigated the effects of adding nano zinc oxide (ZnO) in talcum powder. We observed an increase in ultraviolet (UV) light absorption (or decrease in UV transmission) with the addition of nano ZnO in talcum powder. Commercial talcum powder (with 25% ZnO content) allowed a transmission of 0.3% UV light. However, our homemade talcum powder, with an addition of only 5% nano ZnO, performed much better with a transmission of less than 0.1% UV light even though the ZnO content is 5 times less than that of commercial talcum powder. Electron microscopy micrographs showed that nano ZnO possessed nanorods and nanoplates. This work offers a new promising application of nano ZnO in improving the UV absorption of commercial talcum powder thereby offering superior UV protection that can reduce UV-related skin problems including sunburn and skin cancer.

In this research paper, it will show the viability of using solar energy as the electric supply for entire school. Currently, the school electricity is supplied from the national utility company. In Malaysia, the power generation fuel mix is 62.6% gas, 20.9% coal, 9.5% hydro and 7% from other forms of fuel. The CO2 emission at the power generation site range average 0.51 kg/kWh, and 0.59 kg/kWh at the user-send from 2001 to 2003. The other two gases were released in much smaller amount averaging 0.002 g NO2/kWh and 0.004 g CH4/kWh over the same study period. However, solar energy produces no harmful emissions or polluting gases. Thereafter, we have moved on to explore and achieved to find out the viability of using solar energy in school.

Algae oil has been studied to be a more viable source of biofuel than crops such as corn and coconut because they have a higher energy yield per hectare used. However, inefficient and expensive extraction methods have hindered this promising biofuel from being mass produced. This study aims to efficiently extract oil from a local strain of the diatom Navicula sp. through solvent extraction. Navicula sp. procured from SEAFDEC will be cultivated under controlled laboratory conditions for 30 to 45 days. These conditions include an aquarium, lighting provided by 2 florescent lamps, water treated with saltwater solution and media for the growth and maintenance of algae. The biomass will be harvested after the said period of time, and will then be subjected to solvent extraction, first with hexane, then with diethyl ether. The amount of extracted oil will determine the distribution ratio, which will determine how wellextracted the oil was from the biomass. No algae oil was extracted using diethyl ether, resulting in a distribution ratio of 0. 5.18 mL of algae oil was extracted using hexane, resulting in a distribution ratio of 2.72. The results of the study emphasized the viability of hexane as an extraction agent in the solvent extraction of Navicula sp.

Phytoremediation is a green-plant mediated process that cleans up harmful pollutants from the environment as the plants accumulate the pollutants (Kole et al., 2010). Our previous study on freshwater algal growth in eutrophic conditions showed that overloading of nutrients leads to excess algal growth. Hence, the aim of this study was to show that when these nutrients are removed using Pandanus pygmaeus, a known hyperaccumulator, there would be reduced algal growth. P. pygmaeus was planted in three of five setups with different treatments. Different amounts of nitrates and phosphates, proven to allow maximum algal growth, were added to two of the setups containing the plants, and to two without plants. The biomass of each plant was determined before and after experimentation. Determination of removal of nutrients and the measurement of physical parameters were conducted weekly. Chlorophyll extraction, which establishes the degree of algal growth, was performed when the experiment ended. Results showed that the plants could reduce algal growth, and that the additional nutrients do not have significant adverse effects on plant growth. This proves that P. pygmaeus has a relatively high potential for removing nutrients, especially nitrates, thereby improving the quality of eutrophic waters and preventing algal blooms.

Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Qualitative analysis gives an indication of the identity of the chemical species in the sample and quantitative analysis determines the amount of one or more of these components. The separation of components is often performed prior to analysis. Analytical methods can be separated into classical and instrumental. Classical methods (also known as wet chemistry methods) use separations such as precipitation, extraction, and distillation and qualitative analysis by color, odor, or melting point. Quantitative analysis is achieved by measurement of weight or volume. Instrumental methods use an apparatus to measure physical quantities of the analyte such as light absorption, fluorescence, or conductivity. The separation of materials is accomplished using chromatography or electrophoresis methods. Analytical chemistry is also focused on improvements in experimental design, chemo metrics, and the creation of new measurement tools to provide better chemical information. Analytical chemistry has applications in forensics, bioanalysis, clinical analysis, environmental analysis, and materials analysis.