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The Passer montanus or the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (ETS) is a species of birds that is abundant in the Philippines. The ETS are being sold in some places in the urban areas, and some are taken care as pets. This study aims to determine whether the target bird caged with others contain more parasites than those caged individually. Twelve birds were bought from a local dealer and the feces were collected and sent to the Bureau of Animal Industry, and examinated for parasites. The results show that birds in groups relatively host more parasites than those caged individually.

Birds play an important role in sustaining oter species in the planet. In addtion, birds are creatures living with humans together. However, ecosystem has been destroyed by a population explosion and economic growth. This destruction of ecosystem has caused birds population to be dcreased and bords themselves to be threatened. So, we people should try to stop further destruction. Therefore, in this study, you can see factors to threaten birds and ways to solve the problems through various cases. Besides, this study is going to contribute to people recognizing the importance of birds. Finally, this study shows that birds can coexist with humans in better environment if these solutions are used continuously.

Traffic accidents on railway crossings with roads becoming more frequent. Based on data from the Ministry of Railway Safety Directorate of Transport, from 2006-2011, the number of accidents at crossings as much as 166 cases. From the figure was 50 dead and 76 seriously injured and 52 people suffered minor injuries. One of the main cause is because there are so many railway latches that have no guardian to open and close the railway latches. From this case, we want to make an automatic and independent railway latch system to solve this problem. This railway latch system make the railway latch can open and close automatically. So, even if there is no guardian in the railway latch, the railway latch still work. To make this railway latch system, we make the miniature of the railway latch and the miniature of the railway latch system. We use infrared sensor to detect the train, modem to transfer train’s data, solar cell to make the railway latch become independent, and the others. From this research, we hope the train accidents can be decreased.

Number of diabetics in the world is ever increasing. According to data of WHO, it is estimated there are 366,210,100 people suffering from diabetes. Whereas in Indonesia, diabetics will reach 171,230,000 in 2030. In addition, Indonesia ranks fourth highest number of diabetics in the world after China, India, and the United States. Diabetics are advised to consume foods in low carbohydrates and high fiber. In Indonesia, rice is taken as staple food for the people, though, the rice has content of high carbohydrate and low fiber. On the other hand, a study of resistant starch (RS) turns out good effect for digestive health so it is beneficial for diabetics. Cooking of parched rice or processed rice undertaken at twice is a form of resistant starch. Cooking at twice means the cooked rice has been drained out and cooked again. Unfortunately the drying process takes long time, inefficient, and even unhygienic. Authors took the initiative to create an instrument that helps to dry faster and more rice. This instrument takes 45 minutes enough to dry it out. Its work principle is the rice placed in a rotary tube while heating it with the results of evenly dried out. As a result the rice can be taken as diet for diabetics. People can still eat rice with the same amount but with lower glycemic index.

At first, this research is about wheelchair and wheelchair user. Wheelchair users encounter many difficulties at various situations. This research provides the solution by modifying structure of wheelchair. I tried to find which factor interrupt wheelchair user. Various methods were used to identify the problem. Trials were made to solve the problem which wheelchair user encountering every day; a prototype model was made, tested and was found to really work at various situations. I attached bike's drive train and center rear wheel as a sub power. Cycling pedal can make wheelchair go forward. Also wheelchair user is exercised during cycling. For whom have a trouble at cycling pedal can use special device I developed which apply the principle of latchet. Only thing have to do to go forward is pump the pedal which is located with sprockets hub.

The Seismic waves is if it is not the only, the one of the most important part to understand inner structure of the earth because we can see the structure of inner earth by detecting the changes of velocity of seismic waves. So, many people deal with seismic waves importantly, but it is too hard to understand knowledge visually about seismic waves in the textbook and reference books associated with seismic waves. Especially, many students just memorize a fact that the seismic shadow zone is a place which both p and s wave can’t reach but they don’t understand it perfectly. So, making the device, that can detect sound waves substitute to seismic waves, leads to more deep understanding about seismic waves. Then, shock the sound wave, or seismic wave, to the device and detect it by a small microphone so, detect the seismic shadow zone by analyzing sound waves.

Tris(β–oximinoalkyl)amines are well known as ligands and precursors for 1,4,6,10- tetraadamantanes. With the increasing attention to tris(β–oximinoalkyl)amines, researches of homoanalogues of these compounds have been started. Ways to introduce γ-oximinoalkyl substitutes to design mixed β- and γ- trisoximes have been developed. However, only synthesis of homotrisoximes with two same substitutes, having symmetrical structure, has been done. In this research, we tried to synthesize homotrisoximes with three different substitutes by adding radicals.

Artificial neural network is a mathematical model inspired by biological neural network that has adaptive capability to solve problems. With this adaptive capability of a neural network, signal transduction pathway could be modeled more efficiently to provide a better way to analyze various signal transduction pathways in our cells. In this research, a biological signal transduction pathway involving toll-like receptor has been mapped with artificial neural network to explore this possibility. Artificial neural network could be useful in modeling simple signaling pathways.

In normal cells, cell to cell contact at full cell confluency inhibits cell growth. However, if cell to cell contact is being dissociated, normal cells reach their end of life by the phagocytosis of macrophage via 'programmed cell death', named 'apoptosis'. On the other hand, in cancer cells (especially, cancer stem cells), cell to cell contact can not inhibit cell growth. As a result, cancer stem cells can grow beyond full cell confluency. When cancer cells reach full cell confluency, they either stay at confluence stage or must be made transition from epithelial to mesenchymal form by cadherin switch(antiapoptotic program). These behavioral patterns of cancer stem cells are called "EMT"[2,20]. The underlying causes for such difference have not been known well until now. But this difference is assumed to be occurred by loss of cellular differentiation and coordination of proliferation[5]. As approaching the reason of such disorders with mechano-molecular biology, it was predicted using a mechanobiological model that if cellular unbalanced force is caused between cell to ECM and cell to cell adhesion, the molecular crosstalk is disintegrated between E-cadherin and EGFR Signaling Networks in cell to cell contacts and the attributes such as morphological change of cancer cells, motility, invasion, anticancer drug resistance, etc are acquired, and they were established by experimental method[5]. This study is to report the research results for an idea that the neural network development is a meaningful method of prediction system on cancer behavior patterns through such methods.

The object of this research is to do quantitative measurements of air bubbles in quasi-two dimensional disk-shaped ice and to analyze it with a theoretical model. Width, length, and area of air bubbles in disk-shaped ice were measured. By comparison of ice-freezing model, air bubble growth model and experimental results, it could be found out that cylindrical bubbles and egg-shaped bubbles are distinguished because of the slope of width decrease. We discovered that different reason for termination of air bubble growth separates cylindrical bubbles and egg-shaped bubbles. We applied it to the theoretical model to make a new model including termination. By this new model, we interpreted the reasons for unique phenomena which occur only in disk-shaped ice. This result can be used to create a more detailed computer graphic model of air bubbles in ice.

Although epilepsy onset rate does not significantly lag behind other diseases like tuberculosis or cancer, but its patients are suffering from double torture regarding the disease because of social prejudice and point of view. For this reason, there are cases where it worsens because the person hides their disease and misses the appropriate timing for its treatment. To improve these circumstances, it is urgent to find out the onset of epilepsy and develop a new medicine to develop its remedy. Therefore, we aimed to examine if zebra fish which are similar to humans are appropriate as an animal model of epilepsy, and if so, induce epilepsy stroke and test several drugs including epilepsy medicine requested for reducing it. For the result of one of the main experiments, zebra fish showed aspects similar to humans from specific medicine related to epilepsy, and during the process of testing the epilepsy medicine based on these findings, the medicine alleviated the epilepsy symptoms when used on the zebra fish. Therefore, we were able to come to a conclusion that zebra fish is suitable as a model animal of epilepsy, and the epilepsy medicine requested for testing is appropriate as an epilepsy medicine.

Today, most industry subjects’ modern keyword is a green technology(GT). Words such as green growth, green policy has appeared because of the serious climate change happening lately. Global warming is accelerating fastly and it casting a shadow on many people. However, based on the scientific facts, some people raise doubts about the global warming. That is, global warming is just the manipulated fiction play of politics. Many people don’t realize climate change due to global warming yet, and make objections. The reason for the global warming is very complex and induced by many variables. So, many people have not know the fundamental cause of global warming yet. I examined the effect of changes in each variable factors that contribute to global warming and considered complex condition of global warming to predicting the future climate model by using Neuroph(Artificial neuron program) and database. Further, by using this, i predicted give the aspect changes of global warming in 50 years using the Neuroph.

The study of regular polygons and regular polyhedrons has been going on quite a lot, but the approach from the grid coordinate system is somewhat lacking. Therefore, it determines whether regular polygons and regular polyhedrons can have all vertices as grid points or not in the space coordinate system, if the possibilities exist, we define them as grid polygons or grid polyhedrons and use them. After that, we are going to study conditions and characteristics in the coordinate system.

This paper covers what an energy efficient built environment is and its relative importance. A study on energy efficient built environments can be usually divided into four parts, namely, Architecture, Engineering, Community and Economy and Alternative Energy. In an energy efficient built environment one can preserve the earth's resources by efficient utilization of alternative energy. Moreover, sustainability is about people, so this paper is also concerned with the active role man plays in a built environment.

Tidal energy is one of the few renewable energy resources Korean government is planning on to implant in Korean Peninsula. Due to its continuity and environmental friendliness, tidal energy is getting its attention as appropriate alternative energy for Korea that can replace conventional fossil fuels. On the other hand, while Korean government is pushing forward to build tidal plants using Korea’s geographical advantages following the construction of tidal plants, many locals are holding demonstrations in order to stop tidal plants from being built. These disputes are holding off government’s original plan to construct tidal plants in Incheon Bay area. In this study, concept of using tidal energy and various methods will be introduced, followed by Korea’s geographical conditions for constructing tidal power plants. Concerning construction of tidal plants in Korea, problems regarding the issue will also be covered. This will provide current status of tidal energy as renewable resource in Korea, and how it will change to impact the country.

From the time of the industrial revolution, fossil fuel has been the main source of energy, acting as a stimulant for many modernized industries. Despite the positive changes fossil fuel has brought to the mankind, it has produced carbon emission, facilitating the rising temperature of Earth resulting in global warming. Limited supply of fossil fuel has also hastened the search for alternative sources of energy. Biofuel from microalgae is recently gaining attention for its environmental friendliness, for example CO2 fixation during cultivation and high lipid content. Two strains of microalgae are used, Botryococcus braunii and Nannochloropsis oceanica, for their high potential as biofuel sources. Different colored settings of LED light, Green, Red, White, Blue, Red: Blue = 5:1, Red: Blue 3:1, Red: Blue = 1:1 were controlled to investigate the effects of mixture of colors on growth and lipid content of microalgae. Spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrophotometry were used to measure the growth and lipid content of each microalgae strain. The experiment was conducted over the period of eight days, with measurements done on day 0,2,4,6, and 8. The optimum color of light differed slightly between strains, with B. braunii Red: Blue = 5:1 and N. oceanica red. The mixture of red and blue LED light had the better growth and lipid content than the single colored lights, red and blue mixed light with 18% more lipid content than white light in Botryococcus braunii. The ultimate light conditions for the cultivation of microalgae vary among species, but the best outcomes can be expected from using a mixture of red and blue lights. To find the optimum light ratio for each microalgae strain, further research and experiments using various ratio mixtures of red and blue lights are essential.

Using the method of fixing carbon dioxide in the soil, reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere and thereby experiments were performed in order to provide a means to suppress the greenhouse. We have noticed that Carbon dioxide(CO2) is a critical cause of green house effect from lots of references and in case of Venus, there is 95% Carbon dioxide stirs up deadly serious green house effect. These days, green house effect caused by emission of carbon dioxide is regarded as important problem so there are many sorts of trying to reduce this not by just a country but by cooperating countries. As a result of the carbon dioxide in the soil and supply the three forces, increased content of soil bacteria from soil of horticulture, the soil that collected in mountain, and the soil that cultivate crop. As a result of these, the problem has not occurred in the soil supplied the carbon dioxide when it, to screen the soil bacteria breeding at the time of supply will increase enforcement of carbon dioxide, was observing the state of the soil and the supply of carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide in the cultivation of plants and the content of soil organic matter. It is also possible to confirm that the carbon dioxide is stored in the form of calcium carbonate by increasing the amount of calcium carbonate and is discharged into the atmosphere, rather than carbon dioxide. I was able to confirm the fact that they (In this case, the thing that they point out is the soil. The soil is very important storage that can absorb Carbon dioxide like a sea.) are also suppressed the generation of methane is a excellent greenhouse material.

“Era of Trilemma” would be the apt way of depicting the current society simultaneously beleaguered by the burdens of economic, environmental, and social (ecological) conflicts. Never being independent of other forms of conflicts, each of the problems is significantly convoluted enough to let the specialists from diverse fields to pursue interdisciplinary collaborations and scrutinize the remedial ideology of “Sustainable Development”. Thus, scientists and the engineers concerned in sustainability have focused on developing sustainable energy sources and technologies, seeking to reach the triangular equilibrium. Based on current technologies, this thesis examines the diverse ways to achieve Sustainable Development and proposes the suitable model for Korea energy industry to adapt the ideology.

Microbial production of biofuel utilizes meticulously engineered microorganisms to produce biofuels that can be applied in real life. Microbial biofuel reduces the production cost of fuel, since all the infrastructure for the production of energy is not required, and is therefore considered a potential source of renewable energy. While some biofuels can be produced from the innate chemical pathways of some microorganisms, most must be produced with the help of genetic engineering. Already, scientists have genetically modified yeast and Escherichia coli to produce biofuels and increase their productivity. Current technology of bioengineering and synthetic biology has enabled the production of alcoholderived, isoprenoid-derived, fatty-acid-derived, and polyketide-derived fuels; the challenge of microbial production of biofuels research lies on increasing its yield, expanding the source of feedstock, and searching for new methods to produce them. In this paper, current progress on microbial production of biofuel and the production method of the greatest efficiency will be examined by referring to previous research papers.

As the current world population stretches to over 7 billion, the world energy consumption sky rockets over 140000TWh, which will continue to increase in the future. The current world energy supply depends on the exploitation of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. Coal is often branded as a ‘dirty’ energy source because of its carbon emission. However, methods have been introduced to make ‘clean coal’, such as chemically washing minerals and impurities from the coal and gasification. Green renewable energy is the green alternative to our future energy demands. Green energy such as biomass, wind energy, ocean energy and solar energy are among the most exploited energy sources. Biomass is one of the newest among green energies. Biomass is produced in gasifiers and in abundance. Next, Wind turbines such as HAWT and VAWT are the primary machines that can harness the mighty wind energy. The installed wind power had increased in recent years and shows no sign of slowing down. Aerodynamic wind turbines have to be applied in installed wind power to increase the efficiency. Other than that, with the installation of wave energy capturing buoys, the maximum harvesting of ocean energy can be started. Lastly, energy from the Sun can be harvested in mainly two systems – Solar thermal energy and photovoltaics. Energy storage have been the second most important after the harnessing of green energy. Storage of solar and wind energy at small and large scales are vital especially when there is no sunlight or wind blowing.

Among new renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation is being developed by many researchers as an energy source without any kind of pollution. In this research, Ⅲ-Ⅴ Multi-junction Chips whose generating efficiency is high are used and by adding the optical/photovoltaic system- dual axis- tracking HCPV(High Concentration Photovoltaic) system- to the established generating system in the experiment increasing energy integration by focusing sunlight into one point, we compared the difference in generation capacity in accordance with the concave mirror's area and the difference in generation rate in accordance with the chip size of the III-V GaAs compound solar receiver. The result shows that generated energy is proportional to the area of 1st parabolic reflector. That is, when the area increases, at the same rate power generation increased, and when we observed the generation changes by the chip size of the solar receiver using the same 1st parabolic reflector, the power generation also increased proportionally to the chip size of the solar receiver.