Earticle

The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome risk factors between the elderly participants of leisure programs at senior welfare center and nonparticipants. Elderly female subjects divided into 2 groups: leisure programs participanting group(PG)(n＝13), non-participanting group(NG)(n＝13). Total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, step count, BMR, activity intensity level were measured for seven days. Physical fitness assessment based on SFT-manual was performed and metabolic syndrome risk factors were analysed. Statistical techniques used for data analysis were independent t-test. Total energy expenditure, step count, physical activity intensity level, arm curl, 2-min walk, chair sit-&-reach, back scratch of PG were higher than those of NG(p<.05). Waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose of PG were lower than those of NG(p<.05). The results indicated that participation in leisure programs has positive effects on physical activity, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome risk factors. Therefore it is necessary that the elderly regularly participate in leisure programs to maintain physically healthy elderly life and prevent from metabolic syndrome

This study conducted a 12-week ballet floor barre program with 20 women in 20s who consisted of the exercise group and the control group and compared and analyzed health-related physical fitness and blood lipid. Finally the following conclusion was drawn. after the application of ballet floor barre program, there was a significant increase in body composition(LBM[p<.05]) in women in 20s. after the application of ballet floor barre program, there was a significant increase in health-related physical fitness(muscle endurance[p<.05], and cardiovascular endurance[p<.05]) in women in 20s. there was significant difference in blood lipid(TG[p<.01] and HDL-C[p<.01]) in women in 20s. Based on the findings, the ballet floor barre program was effective to decrease weight, %body fat, and fat free mass and also efficacious for blood components. If further researches conduct ballet basic movements in floor barre, barre, and senter together according to the subjects, much better improvement will be obtained. Furthermore, it is expected to have greater effects on the prevention and treatment of adult diseases that have become prevalent in the younger generation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of graded exercise testing on cardiopulmonary system of patients with coronary artery disease taking beta blocker. The subjects of this study were patients with coronary artery diseases who were administered of beta blockers, and they were divided into group A (n＝32), failing to reach 85% of the target heart rate expected as 220-age; group B (n＝32), reaching the expected rate; and group C (n＝32), without administration of beta blockers, via the maximal exercise stress test. The subjects were tested of hemodynamic responses, cardiopulmonary strength, and recovery heart rate via the maximal exercise stress test. The results of this study showed that the RHR was significantly higher in group C than in group A and B (p＝.000), while the MHR was significantly lower in group A than in group B and C (p＝.000). The RSBP, the RDBP, the MSBP, and the MDBP showed no significant difference between the groups. The MRPP was significantly lower in group A than group B and C (p＝.000). The MT, the VO2max, and the MMET were significantly higher in group B than in group A and C, respectively (p＝.000). The recovery heart rate at the 1st minute and the 2nd minute was significantly higher in group B than group A and C. There was significant correlation between VO2max and the recovery heart rate at the 1st minute and the 2nd minute (R2＝.299, p＝.003 and R2＝.524, p＝.000, respectively). Conclusively, that patients with coronary artery diseases who are administered of beta blockers reach the targeted heart rate in maximal exercise may not be negative due to insufficient response to the agents or morbid excessive accentuation but may serve as a positive effect in further prognosis assessment because of higher cardiopulmonary strength and exercise tolerance.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combined exercise on body composition and life-related fitness factor in oldest old women over 85yrs. For study i divided ten subjects that wanted to join this program voluntary and understood this program into two groups; control(Con, n＝5) and exercise(Ex, n＝5). After dividing groups, i tested body composition and fitness factors; grip strength, muscle endurance of leg, flexibility, balance and agility. Ex group had joined exercise program that consist of aerobic and resistance training for 6 weeks(60min/day, 3 times a week). When the program finished, i tested the same factors of the precise one more time. For results, exercise group had improved in grip strength, muscle endurance of leg and agility after joining program(p<.05). Therefore combined exercise that is short-term relatively improves life-related fitness factors and this result shows that to join the exercise program affects coming back to life in oldest old people positively.

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effect of an obesity control program on the body composition and basic physical fitness of middle school students. Followings are the research questions of this study: First, How does an obesity control program affect the obese students’ body composition? Second, how does the obesity control program affect the obese students’ basic physical fitness? To achieve the purpose, 51 students of J middle school applied to this obesity control program but 45 students(boys; 27, girls; 184) were chosen as the research participants. The pre- and post-assessments on the data were conducted to estimate the change of the participants’ body composition and physical fitness. The matched t-test was conducted to reveal the significance of the test result. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the efficiency of the groups, and the Scheffé test was followed. The conclusions were as follows; First, the group that started exercise therapy after a 2-week adaption to the reduced repast showed a more effective result on the body composition than the one that started the exercise therapy and a reduced repast at the same time. Second, the group that started the exercise therapy after a 2-week adaption to the reduced repast showed more enhanced quickness and stamina than the other group. However, the group that started the exercise therapy and reduced repast at the same time showed more physical flexibility.

Recently the increasing interest in adult obesity has been accompanied by increasing interest in obesity among elementary school students across the society. Infact, the growth trend of obesity rate among elementary school children is increasingly becoming one of the socia lissues. Obesity among elementary school children is very serious and has many adverse effects not only because of obesity itself but also because of the possibility for psychological, emotional and social problems including maladaptation to schoollife, learning disorder, sense of physical in feriority, and emotional disorder, adult obesity later in life, and all kinds of internal diseases. Notwithstanding the problems of obesity, practical programs to prevent and manage obesity are only run by hospitals and sports centers that can afford to invest economic expenses and much time. Considering that school is where elementary schoolchildren spend the most time except for home and equipped with the facilities and teachers required for physical education, it seems efficient and economical torun obesity prevention and management programs in school. Thus this study se out to apply a gymnastics program and test if it would be effective for preventing obesity among elementary school children and increasing their physical strength. The following hypotheses were set to examine if there would be any difference in the degree of obesity and health-related physical strength of elementary school children before and after the application of a gymnastics program

There is increasing evidence that dairy calcium may play a role in body weight regulation. A potential mechanism has been postulated to explain a possible role of calcium in body weight control, and yet it remains unclear whether there is a weight-loss effect of calcium or diary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of regular exercise and/or dairy consumption on acylated-ghrelin(AG), peptide YY(PYY) and subjective appetitive ratings in university male students. Subjects were assigned into 4 groups according to their exercise and dairy consumption habits. AG, PYY, and insulin were assessed at fasting state and 60 min after consumption of standard test meal. The statistical analysis was evaluated by ANOVA for reapeated measures. Exercise groups showed lower blood glucose level and higher postprandial triacylglycerol level than non-exercise groups(p<.05). Postprandial insulin elevation was lowered in exercise groups than non-exercise groups. AG was decreased in exercise and dairy consumption group, and PYY was increased in non-exercise groups after meal(p<.05). For subjective ratings, postprandial hunger level was decreased in exercise and dairy consumption group(p<.05). Desire to eat was decreased in exercise groups after meal(p<.05). Our finding suggests that chronic exercise and dairy consumption reduces serum acylated ghrelin and subjective hunger level, which is related with postprandial anorexia.

The purpose of this study was to present an exercise prescription for prevention of the metabolic syndrome and promotion of health in obese female middle school students through nutritional education and (prescription of) walking exercise. The Subjects in this experiment were 20 female first-year student in middle school and they were divided into two groups. The experimental group was organized by ten people who agreed and wanted to participate in nutritional education and a walking exercise, and the control group was organized by the other ten people who didn’t. The experimental group showed significant differences in weight, body mass index(BMI), body fat percentage, and belly(p<0.05) when compared with the control group. There were differences in TC, TG, Insulin, Glucose, SBP and DBP between the control group and the experimental group. In conclusion, nutritional education and walking exercise improves body composition, serum lipid, Insulin, Glucose and factors affecting blood pressure in obese female middle school students, and 12-week walking exercise and nutritional education program, for 4 days per week and 60 minutes per day should be carried out for metabolic syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of jazz dance on the bone markers and energy metabolic regulation hormones. The subjects for this study were 20 females and divided into 2 groups: jazz dance group(EG, n＝10) and control group(CG, n＝10) for 12 weeks. The jazz dance programs was composed of warm up(HRmax 40-50%) 15mins, cool down(HRmax 30-40%) 10mins and main exercise(1-6weeks; HRmax 61∼70% 15mins and HRmax 71∼80% 20mins total time 60mins, 7-12weeks HRmax 61∼70% 30mins and HRmax 71∼80% 35mins total time 90 mins) 3 times a week. And the change of bone markers(osteocalcine(OC), dexiripyridenoline(DPD)) and energy metabolic regulation hormones(growth hormone(GH), insulin, glucagone, cortisol, epinephrine had been measured before and post exercise 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. Statistical techniques for data analysis were repeated measure ANOVA to determine the difference between groups, post hoc test was Duncan’ test. The 5% level of significance was utilized as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses for the study. The following results were obtained from this study; First, the change of bone markers: The change of OC(p<.05) in the jazz dance group was increased after 12 weeks of exercise. And the change of OC in the EG was statistical significant higher after 12weeks of exercise and significant difference between the groups(p<.05). The change of DPD(p<.05) in the EG was statistical significant decreased after 12 weeks of exercise. In the EG was statistical significant lower after 12weeks of exercise and significant difference between the groups(p<.05). Second, the change of energy metabolic regulation hormones: The change of GH(p<.05), epinephrine and E2 in the EG was increased after 12 weeks of exercise. And there was no significant difference between the groups. The change of insulin and cortisol(p<.05) in the EG was decreased after 12 weeks of exercise. The change of insulin and cortisol in the EG was statistical significant lower after 12weeks of exercise and significant difference between the groups(p<.05).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change aspect of blood lactate, glucose, free fat acid, and hemoglobin according to water conditions(control water area and open water area) and diving stage(pre-diving, immediately after diving, 15min after diving, 30min after diving) in scuba diving. The subjects of this study were 12 college man with 2 years career. As a result of conducting repeated measures ANOVA, independent sample t-test for inspecting mean difference of collected data depending on water condition and diving stage by using SPSS win 14.0 statistic program. The conclusion is as followings; First, the lactate at immediately after diving have come higher in the open water area than in the control water area. Second, the glucose at immediately after diving have come lower in the open water area than in the control water area. Third, there was not significant differences in the free fat acid according to the water area condition. Forth, the hemoglobin at immediately after diving have come higher in the open water area than in the control water area. Based on above results, it is different physiological response came out with according to water temperature. Therefore, it is thought that considerate of the collection of diving suit and control of diving time, and following-up study to examine the difference in diving time and water temperature is needed.