Earticle

The purpose of this study is to invigorate the pro-sports and stand for the preliminary data for future studies in pro-sports by indicating and identifying extraction and exploration of pro-sports consumer’s psychological process factors. To get the concrete concept of psychological process factors, experts came out with common ground of agreement for psychological process factors, and those extracted factors were explored. The expert group, who are panel that has very important role in this study as answering delphi poll, are four professors majoring in sports marketing and sport psychology, four PHD researchers majoring in sports marketing and sport psychology, and three professionals who are involved with pro-sports. Instrument is open-ended questionnaire and the question itself was made up as, "Pro-sports is really growing nowadays and what are the important psychological factors that are actually making consumers to come back to the stadium or revisit?" For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and covariance structure analysis were used to get the data. Following are the conclusions from the verifying the results. First, the expert group came out with opinions that belief and attitude, learn, and motivation were the psychological process factors for pro-sports consumers. Second, the factors that were mentioned above by experts which are belief and attitude, learn, and motivation for pro-sports consumers were evaluated as structurely suitable.

이 연구의 목적은 경찰공무원의 스포츠동호회 활동과 직무만족과의 관계를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 서울지방경찰청 공무원을 모집단으로 하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통하여 2010년 10월 1일부터 10월 30일까지 총 250부를 배포하여 불성실하게 응답했거나 조사내용의 일부가 누락되어 신뢰성이 떨어지는 자료 40부를 제외한 210부(84.0%)를 유효 표본으로 설정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN Version 15.0 Program을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이상과 같은 연구방법 및 절차를 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 스포츠동호회 활동인 적극성, 체계성은 자긍심에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠동호회 활동인 적극성, 체계성은 소속감에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스포츠동호회 활동인 적극성, 체계성은 상사관계 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다

본연구의 초등학생 학부모의 태권도 도장에 대한 만족도가 구매행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상자의 추출절차는 각 지역에 소재하고 있는 2010년 4월부터 2010년 6월 사이 현재 서울지역에 거주하고 있는 태권도 수련생의 학부모를 모집단으로 선정한 후, 편의 표집법을 이용하여 총 250명을 선정하였고, 연구의 자료로 부적합 설문지와 미회수 설문지 등 34부를 제외한 총 216(86.4%)부를 최종 연구 자료로 이용하였다. 수집된 216명의 자료를 바탕으로 SPSS WIN Version 18.0 Program을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이상과 같은 연구방법 및 절차를 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 태권도 도장 이용 만족도 차이에서 자녀와의 관계에 따라서는 사회적요인과 안전성 요인에서 아버지가 어머니보다 더 많은 관심을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 인구통계학적특성에 따른 이용만족도에서 부모의 연령에 있어서는 안전성만이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인구통계학적특성에 따른 이용만족도에서 부모의 학력에 있어서는 교육적 측면만이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 만족도와 구매행동과의 차이에서는 교육적 측면에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

This study conducted 12-week walking with obese middle-aged women and compared and analyzed its effects on body composition and inflammatory markers. Finally, the following results were obtained. First, after application of walking to obese middle-aged women, their body composition showed significant decreases in weight(measurement period p<.001, group×period p<.001), %body fat(measurement period p<.001, group×period p<.001), and LBM(measurement period p<.01, group×period p<.01), suggesting positive results. Second, after application of walking to obese middle-aged women, their inflammatory markers showed significant decreases or increases in hs-CRP(measurement period p<.001, group×period p<.01), TNF-α(inter-group p<.05, measurement period p<.001, group×period p<.01), IL-6(inter-group p<.05, measurement period p<.05, group×period p<.01), and Adiponectin(inter-group p<.05, measurement period p<.05, group×period p<.01), suggesting positive results. Based on this result, regular walking may prevent a metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight and %body fat in obese middle-aged women. Moreover, it showed an effective decrease or increase in inflammatory markers that can cause all kinds of chronic diseases and may be effective for preventing lifestyle diseases. Since walking can be done anytime and anywhere in an easy and economical way and help obese middle-aged women reduce their weight without giving exceeding burden to joints, it can be strongly recommended. Accordingly, further researches on walking and diet should classify walking intensity into low intensity, moderate intensity, and high intensity and examine what walking intensity is the most effective. Based on this result, human body’s metabolic energy system should be investigated.

This paper is aimed at comparing the changes of immune hormones(IgG, IgA, IgM), stress hormone (Cortisol), muscle damage hormone (CK) and muscle-growth hormone (IGF-1) when resistance exercise is put on legs through different muscle contraction type. 14 male with more than 5 years of resistance exercise experience Isotonic squat, isotonic squat, and jump squat were done for one minute each and a total of five sets were performed with a thirty-second break between each set. Also, blood was taken in a stable condition and after each exercise to analyze immunity-related hormones (IgG, IgA, IgM), stress hormone (Cortisol), muscle damage hormone (CK) and muscle-growth hormone (IGF-1). One-way ANOVA through SPSS(Ver 15.0) was made to prove the hormone responses depending on different ways of muscular contraction. Tukey was used for post-hoc analysis. Statistical significance level was a=.05. Also, the analysis of the immune hormone depending on the form of muscular contraction showed an increase in IgG and IgA compared to the time before the exercise, but the difference was not significant. The result of stress hormone analysis showed that there was a meaningful increase of cortisol hormone in all the three ways compared to pre-exercise (P<.01). The analysis of damaged muscle hormone showed meaningfully increased CK in general compared to before the experiment (P<.01). In the case of muscle growth hormone, there was a meaningful increase between difference was not significant.

We investigated the effects of mat exercise and ball exercise on functional disability, balance, and multifidus cross sectional areas in patients with chronic lower back pain. This study recruited 34 patients with chronic lower back pain and randomly assigned them to a mat exercise group and a ball exercise group. Both groups exercised 3 times a week for 4 months, and data using the Oswetry Disability Index (ODI) were collected. Tetrax®balancing scale was used to analyze left and right weight bearing differences, and computertomography(C.T.) was used to analyze multifidus cross-sectional areas. Both groups had significantly decreased ODI after the exercise (p<0.05). Between the two groups, the ball exercise group had more significant decreases in ODI (p<0.05). Both groups had significantly decreased difference left and right balance after the exercise (p<0.05). Both groups had significant differences in the variance of multifidus cross sectional areas in lumbar regions 3, 4, and 5 (p<0.05). These results indicate that when considering an exercise program for a patient with lower back pain, a ball exercise program is more effective compared to a mat exercise program for improving functionality and multifidus rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was to research the effects of After-School physical activity patterns on PAPS in Elementary School students. A total of 64 elementary school students participated in this study, and the subjects were assigned to the Sport-G(n=21), newsport-G(n=23) and control groups(n=20). Most After-School Physical activity Programs are executed 50-60minutes a day, 2-3 times per week. For six months, the experimental groups were treated with Sport and New-sport activity while the control group was treated with no physical activity. Body composition indexes[body fat mass(kg), body fat percentage(%), muscle mass(kg), body mass index(kg/m2)] and Physical fitness[Cardiovascular endurance(step test), flexibility(sit and reach), muscular strength(grip strength), muscular power(vertical jump)] were measured and calculated. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measures ANOVA. The result of this study showed that After-School Physical acitivity studies demonstrated significant and positive differences between intervention and control for PAPS. In the area of health physical fitness, there were no significant differences in muscular power, flexibility, back strength or grip strength, % body fat but there were positive changes in cardiovascular endurance. In conclusion, After-School physical activities for 15weeks gave positive influences on body compositon and health physical fitness(PAPS) of the subjects.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two aerobic exercise with low and moderate-intensity on cardiovascular risk factors and immune system in middle aged woman. Total 28 of patricipants were classified as either low-intensity(40-50%HRR, n=14) or moderate-intensity (60-70%HRR, n=14) Both group had 300kcal each session with a 3 day per week for 12weeks. Cardiovascular risk factor(waist circumference(WC), blood pressure(BP), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC), triglycerides(TG), glucose) and immune system nkcell, leukocyte, lymphcyte, neurtrophil, monocyte) were measured. Compared to low aerobic exercise, moderate aerobic exercise training is effective on WC and both low and moderate aerobic exercise training improved BP in middle aged women. Whereas, immune system showed no significantly differences according to intensity of exercise training. These result suggested that immune system appears to be related to other factors than exercise intensity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aute exercise on blood glucose metabolism and cytokines after oral glucose ingestion in type 2 diabetic patients. The subjects(n=7) ingested glucose solution for oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT). The paticipants performed in two trials: glucose solution ingestion and rest(control) and 60%HRRmax treadmill exercise for 30min immediately after ingestion and recovery. Blood glucose recovery and Insulin concentration were significantly decreased after exercise than control group. IL-6 in exercise group was showed a tendency to decrease occurred after exercise 90, 120min. Whereas, TNF-α was showed no significantly difference according to recovery of exercise. These results suggested that acute exercise could be effective on blood glucose metabolism and cytokines following with acute exercise.

본 연구는 마사지가 산후 자궁 복구불량에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 독특한 자궁복구 기법을 임상에 응용하여 그 중의 일부의 피검자만 선택하여 연구를 진행하였다. 선택된 피검자는 91명의 피검자와 생화탕 치료를 받고있는 88명의 피검자를 비교하여 분석하였다. 이 연구의 피검자는 서울시에 소재하고 있는 산부인과에서 2009년 1월∼2010년 12월에 정상 분만한 산모로서, 임의로 치료군와 비교군으로 나누었는데 그들의 연령은 23세∼35세이다. 그 중 산후 마사지 치료군은 91명, 생화탕 치료군는 88명이다. 진단기준은 두 개 군의 진단기준은 산부인과 의사의 도움을 얻어 모두 산후 5일 혹은 7일, 42일, 골반 B형 초음파로 검사하여 확진하였다. 또한 제한기준은 ➀출산 전 합병증이 없는 자 ➁최근 자궁수축제, 항생제, 지혈제를 쓰지 않은 자이다. 치료군에 대한 마사지 방법은 (1) 산모가 앙와위(반드시 누운자세)를 취하게 하고 시술자는 왼쪽 손바닥 대어계측을 자궁 위쪽에 놓고 위로부터 아래로 밀어주며 동시에 오른손 네 손가락 지복네 손가락 지복 및 소어계 손목을 고리모양으로 하여 치골결합 위쪽에 놓고 아래부터 위로 밀어주는데, 양손은 배꼽 3촌 부근에서 합치는데 왼손으로는 총 거리의 2/3 밀어주고, 오른 손으로는 나머지 1/3 거리를 밀어준다. (2) 두 손으로 복부 양측으로부터 정중앙으로 누르면서 자궁에 압을 준다. (3) 복부에서 자궁이 있는 측에 두 손을 겹쳐서 올려놓고 눌렀다 놨다해 주는데 매차 3초좌우, 5∼7회정도 실시한다. (4) 밀면서 동시에 중완, 관원, 기해, 중극, 자궁을 압박한다. (5) 두 손을 겹쳐서 관저혈에서 위로부터 아래로 밀면서 흔들어주면서 자궁체까지 밀어준다.(6) 순 시침，역 시침 방향으로 각각 18회정도 배를 문질러 준다. 또한 비교군에 대한 치료는 매일 1첩, 물로 달여서 2회로 나누어 복용하도록 하였다. 그 결과 기해혈, 관원혈, 중극혈 및 자궁혈 등 각 혈에 대한 마사지 치료를 통하여, 어혈을 제거하고 새로운 세포들의 생성을 촉진시켰다. 생화탕은 산후 제1처방으로 산후병 치료에서의 좋은 처방이다. 이 두 가지 치료방법을 비교 분석한 결과 치료군과 비교군의 치료 효과는 거의 동일하여 통계적으로 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. (P>0.05) 그러나 마시지 치료는 음도혈의 배출이 빠르고, 자궁복구가 빠르며 치료기간이 짧고 비용이 적게 드는데 이는 마사지 자극을 통하여 여성 생식계통이 PGE2와 PGF2 등이 증가를 촉진하여 자궁수축을 가속화 하고 자궁 속의 내용물들의 배출을 빠르게 하는지에 대해서는 후속 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to find the effect of water exercise on fitness factor and delivery for pregnancy women. Study participants(n=20) divided into two group; Exercise group(n=10) and Control group(n=10), who had no systemic illness at the time of entry into the study. Water exercise program were walking, jumping, kick, Ai Chi, halliwick, Watsu and pelvic floor exercise. Training sessions were 3 times per week for 1hr, producing heart rate (HR) exercise responses of 65∼70% of estimated maximum HR, while partially immersed up to their shoulders in water in a pool heated to 31±1°C. Fitness factors were measured functional reach test(FRT), balance and endurance in respective group by water exercise. Investigation of delivery used questionnaire after childbirth. FRT of the exercise group was significantly increased but not in control group(p<.05). Pregnant woman’s weight was significantly increased in respective group(p<.01). Birth weight of fetal and time of delivery was decresed in exercise group(p<.05). The results suggested that the water exercise was improved in the fitness factor and healthful delivery in pregnancy women.

This study was performed to identify the accurate exercise prescription methods by investigating how moderate to high intense exercise prescriptions through using treadmill stress test affect the differences of physical responds according to exercise types(treadmill, bike, stepper, cyclone). We selected 31 students of K university who does not exercise regularly more than 6 month. We measured maximum heart rate (MHR), maximum blood pressure (MBP) and VO2max and maximum rate pressure product (MRPP) through treadmill stress test, indentified Karvonen’s target heart rate (THR). Subjects performed Treadmill, Bike, Cyclone and Stepper 12 times at different day according to target heart rate (60%, 70%, 85%) and blood pressure, RPP and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were measured. Subjects arrived at target heart rate in 10 minutes after beginning exercise, and THR remained for 10 minutes. All measurements were done 2 minutes before closing. Statistically significant level was p<.05. In results, there were high RPP caused by increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) in Bike and RPE was similar in every exercise but local pain and fatigue of femoris muscle were high in bike and stepper of 70% and 80% intensity. Also RPP of 85% intensity was 90.1% of max RPP in treadmill stress test. The setting of exercise intensity – 85% of THR – from treadmill test is fair to treadmill, stepper, cyclone but must be considered about applying to bike. Stepper might be stressful femoris muscle thus must be used carefully to people with weak muscle strength in lower extremities.

이 연구는 척추치료 요법에 눈 주변 혈위 마시지 치료를 적용하여 청소년들의 경·중도 근시안 치료 효과를 관찰함으로서, 청소년들의 근시안을 예방하고 치료하는 새로운 요법을 탐색하고자 한다. 연구방법은 조건에 부합되는 60명의 피검자를 선택하여 임의 표본추출방법으로 치료군과 비교군으로 나누어 실시하였다. 청소년들의 근시안과 경부 손상이 밀접한 관계가 있다는 점에 착안하여, 치료군에 대해서는 척추치료요법에 눈 주변 혈위 마사지 치료를 실시하는 방법을 시행하였고. 비교군에 대해서는 혈위 마시지만 시행하였다. 원시력을 지표로 하여 2개군의 치료 효과를 각각 관찰하여 얻은 결과에 대해 통계분석을 실시하였으며 동시에 피검자의 경부 연조직의 손상 및 경추배열의 이상비율과 치료 후의 변화를 관찰하였다. 연구결과 치료군의 유효율은 71.34%로서 51.03%인 비교군보다 현저하게 높았다. 이 방법은 가성근시와 혼합성 근시에 대한 치료 효과 확률은 100%와 98.46%이다. 그러나 진성근시안는 개선되지 않았다. 눈 위생, 경부보건, 안압훈련과 눈 보건 체조를 병행하면 치료효과가 장기적으로 호전 될 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 본 연구결과 청소년의 근시와 경부손상은 밀접한 관계가 있음이 발견되었으며 척추치료 요법과 혈위 마시지를 병행하면 청소년의 경·중도 근시안, 가성근시 및 혼합성 근시에 대한 치료 효과는 확실하며, 경부 보건은 근시안의 예방과 치료요법의 발견과 발전에 중요한 의의가 있다.