Earticle

본 연구는 국토계획의 이념 중 환경친화적 국토관리를 중심으로 국토계획과 그 권역설정의 변화와 문제를 확인하고, 앞으로 국토계획의 권역설정에 활용될 수 있는 4+3 초광역권 설정을 중심으로 초광역권 설정의 지속가능성을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 자연지리 지표(지형, 기후, 생태)를 기반으로 4+3 초광역권 설정의 유의미성을 분석하였다. ANOVA 및 LISA 분석 결과, 초광역권 간 자연지리적 차이가 통계적으로 유의했으며, 특히 강원권을 중심으로 한 백두대간 산악지대와 남해안 및 제주 지역이 독립적인 생태적 특성을 보였다. 본 연구는 현재 초광역권 구분의 환경적 의미를 확인하고, 향후 국토계획 수정 시 자연환경 특성을 반영한 권역 설정의 필요성을 제안한다. 이는 지속가능한 국토관리와 균형발전 목표 달성을 위한 새로운 시각을 제시한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Thhis study focuses on eco-friendly land management, a core principle of spatial planning, to evaluate changes and issues in land-use plans and regional demarcation. It specifically examines the sustainability of the 4+3 mega-region framework, which is proposed for future use in spatial planning. Using physical geographic indicators (topography, climate, and ecology), the study assessed the significance of the 4+3 mega-region framework. Results from ANOVA and LISA analyses indicate statistically significant geographic differences among mega-regions, with distinct ecological characteristics observed in the Baekdudaegan mountain range centered on Gangwon Province and the southern coastal and Jeju regions. The study confirms the environmental relevance of current mega-region delineations and highlights the need to incorporate natural geographic features into future spatial planning. This approach provides a new perspective for achieving sustainable land management and balanced regional development.

The purpose of this study is to review the regional characteristics of local public libraries through the analysis of the spatial planning status of public libraries. By analyzing the distribution of facilities in the vicinity where public libraries are located in the region, we discuss facilities with a high possibility of connection based on physical distance, and seek ways to expand the use of facilities by classifying space types in public libraries. As a result of the study, public library space planning types were divided based on core space: A type in which a single building is one large volume, B type in which the core space has the function of connecting building volumes, and C type in which the core space plays a central function in the combination of building volumes. could be classified by type. This type of classification can be used in the review process of alternatives that may be proposed in the future depending on the purpose of facility expansion, facility remodeling, and facility diversion of public libraries.

The Aim of this study is to represent on the spatial planning for fluidic open in public library, which related to utility space for child and youth. If learning is required of children and youth are adapted to the way of thinking according to the injection training. For this reason, through the book is diverse thinking skills development and didn't improve the ability to cultivate. In this study, About the future direction of public libraries, based on the current situation and problems awareness of use spaces to children and youth, presenting for a fluidic open building plans the proceed of purposes. Grasping a scheme that can be improved through the proposed structure and design overseas cases. And by linking the use area of child and youth, define a fluid opening of the public library, this studied the plan of the space of the public library. : The first, Reading Room are in access the unnecessary procedures and for the book is able to point the spatial environment insufficient issues. The second, it would must change the spatial awareness about the facility. The third, public libraries not only site utilization and at the value the grasps. The spatial planning and design direction the important thing of the public library is the changed the library recognizes of local residents. including children and youth, people with disabilities, silver generation and the fluidic open on conform Communication space, should be performed on an ongoing basis in the public library space planning.

This study proposes planning directions for a multi-community center reflecting the regional characteristics and resident needs of Jeju Global Education City. To achieve this, previous studies on education cities and multi-community centers were reviewed, and an analytical framework was established and applied to case studies, population analysis, and resident surveys and interviews. The results show that Jeju Global Education City has a family-oriented population structure with a high proportion of households with school-aged children and high demand for library, educational, and sports and leisure spaces. Accordingly, the main functions of the multi-community center were organized around a library-centered structure integrating educational, cultural, and sports functions. A flexible spatial configuration combining specialized rooms, such as music rooms and media labs, with multipurpose spaces was proposed to accommodate diverse user activities, while indoor-oriented planning responsive to local climate conditions was also considered. In terms of operation, a resident participation-based public–private collaborative management model based on private outsourcing is proposed to enable flexible operating hours and diverse programs reflecting users’ daily life patterns. This study presents spatial and operational strategies for a multi-community center reflecting the characteristics of an education city and resident needs and provides policy implications for planning public community facilities in education-oriented cities.

본 연구의 목적은 수도권을 대상으로 공간계획적 요인에 초점을 맞춰 범죄 핫스팟의결정요인을 분석하는 것이다. 범죄 핫스팟은 공간의 특성과 매우 밀접한 관련성을 맺고있으므로, 이를 모형에서 통제할 수 있는 복수의 공간이산선택모형을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 통제한 공간계획적 변인들은 주거지 집중도, 토지용도 혼합도, 방범시설 집중도,공간적 접근도이다. 분석결과, 주거지 집중도는 범죄 핫스팟을 줄이는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 토지용도 혼합도는 범죄 핫스팟에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 공간적 접근성이 범죄 핫스팟에 미친 영향은 통제적 유의성을 확보하지 못하였다. 공간적 접근도는 범죄 핫스팟과 정(+)의 관련성을 맺고 있었다. 본 연구는 상기의 분석결과를 토대로 범죄핫스팟의 예방을 위한 공간계획적 정책방향을 제시하였다.

The present study investigated the determinants of total crime hot spots in SeoulMetropolitan Area (SMA) of Korea, focusing particularly on spatial planning effects oncrime hot spots. Since crime hot spots are closely related to the spatial characteristicsof a city, we applied multiple spatial discrete choice models (SAPM, SEPM andPGWR). Spatial planning variables are residential concentration, mixed land use,concentration of crime prevention facilities and spatial accessibility. According to theregression results, residential concentration contributes to diminishing crime hot spots. Mixed land use plays a negative role in reducing crime hot spots. The impact ofconcentration of crime prevention facilities on crime hot spots was not statisticallysignificant. Spatial accessibility showed a positive effect on crime hot spots. Thepresent study concludes with some policy suggestions that can alleviate crime hotspots focusing particularly on urban planning perspectives.

이 논문은 순천시 도시구조의 ‘현재적 원형’이 되는 1980년대 이후 도시계획의 추진 배경과 공간구조의 특징에 대해서 살핀 것이다. 1962년 대홍수를 계기로 순천시는 도시 계획의 마련을 시작했다. 당시 도시재건 논의는 도시기반 시설에 대한 긴급 복구와 이재 민 주택문제를 해결하는 것에 초점을 두었다. 이러한 도시 재건사업이 도시 개발사업으 로 전환된 것은 1970년대였다. 여천이 호남정유를 유치하고, 석유화학단지 개발에 나서 면서 이를 시야에 둔 순천의 도시개발 방안이 논의되었다. 하지만 당시까지 도시구조는 동천을 경계로 하는 남북의 도심축에 머물러 있었다. 기존시가지를 중심으로 한 단일축 구조에 균열이 나타난 것은 1980년대였다. 당시 전남 동부권은 제2차 국토종합개발계획으로 새로운 지역의 거점화가 진행되었으며, 광양만권 의 개발로 지역의 성장 방안이 논의되었다. 1982년 말 시작된 이 도시기본계획의 추진 은 순천도시사에 중요한 전환점이 되었다. 그것은 새로운 전문가 그룹의 등장 속에서 도시의 구조적 변화를 가져왔기 때문이다. 국내 도시설계에 풍부한 경험을 가진 동명기 술공단과 중앙도시계획위원이자, 홍익대 교수인 나상기 그리고 순천시도시계획위원인 황우수 등이 참여하며 새로운 공간 개념과 지역의 여론이 수렴된 계획안이 완성되었다. 하지만 이 도시기본계획은 승주군의 불만과 반발을 불러왔다. 순천시의 도시계획권에 편입된 서면과 해룡면 대안리의 계획과 권한 변경을 승주군이 요구했다. 도시계획을 둘 러싼 도시 간의 갈등은 광양과 광양만권 개발 속에서 심화됐는데, 광양과 여천이 공업도 시로 성장하는 것을 견제하면서 순천의 도시계획 수정이 논의되었다. 이 과정에서 순천 시는 설문조사와 공청회를 통해서 ‘밑으로부터의 의견 수렴’과 순천시, 순천시도시계획 위원회가 중심이 된 ‘위로부터의 계획 조정’을 통해서 완성되었다. 이로써 신시가지인 연향지구를 중심에 둔 순천의 도시재편 구상이 완성되었다. 또한 도심의 녹지와 공원 등을 관리하고, 동천의 하천 및 하류지 정비를 통해서 순천이 ‘전원 적 도시’로 성장할 수 있는 토대를 이루었다. 1990년대 말 순천만의 보존과 2000년대 후반 국가정원의 개발은 이 도시계획과 도시구조의 개편 속에서 이루어졌다. 그리고 오 천지구와 신대지구로 향하는 도심의 확대와 주거지 성장 역시 1980·90년대 진행된 순천의 개발을 토대로 하고 있다.

This article investigates the process of urban planning and the feature of urban structure in Suncheon City. The great flood in 1962 first conditioned the urban planning of the city. It mostly focused on rebuilding the city. In the 1980s discussions on new urban planning were initiated. The national development plan and the industrialization of the eastern area of South Jeolla Province stimulated the urban development of Suncheon. The city made a new methodological approach for the establishment of urban planning. The establishment of basic planning was made by the participation of specialists and citizens, and with the activity of the Committee for the Urban Planning of Suncheon City. In the 1990s, modifications to the development plan were made. It is noteworthy that the modification process was done with the active participation of the citizens of Suncheon. Such urban planning enabled a transition of the structure of the city, from “the linear city” to “the rural city”.

This study explores strategies to enhance the implementation capacity of intermediary organizations within Korea’s newly institutionalized rural spatial planning framework. As rural regions in Korea face accelerating population decline and aging, they are rapidly losing vitality. In response, the government introduced the 2024 Rural Extinction Response Strategy, positioning rural spatial planning as a core policy instrument. Effective implementation requires active collaboration among government agencies, local communities, and experts, highlighting the pivotal role of intermediary organizations. Drawing on a case analysis of U.S. Land-Grant Universities under the Cooperative Extension System (CES), this study identifies institutional and operational strategies suited to Korea’s context. Key recommendations include strengthening collaboration between local- and regional-level intermediary bodies, building expert capacity at the local level, securing stable funding through matching grants, and ensuring organizational autonomy to enable place-based service delivery. The proposed measures are expected to enhance the effectiveness of the rural spatial planning system and establish a robust foundation for sustainable, long-term implementation at the community level.

The purpose of this study is to develop a 3 dimensional spatial planning model (3DSPLAM) for facilities allocation and visual evaluation in improvement planning of rural village. For the model development, this study developed both planning layers and a modelling process for spatial planning of rural villages. The 3DSPLAM generates road networks and village facilities location automatically from built area plan map and digital elevation model generated by geographic information system. The model also simulates 3-dimensional villagescape for visual presentation of the planned results. The 3DSPLAM could be conveniently used for automatic allocation of roads, easy partition of land lots and reasonable locating of facilities. The planned results could be also presented in the stereoscopic models with varied viewing positions and angles.

본 연구는 대덕연구개발특구 내 조성되어 있는 근대사의 중요한 사료적 가치가 있는 건축물과 시설물들을 어떠한 방식으로 활용하는 것이 좋을지를 논의하기 위한 기초자료 를 구축하기 위해 구성되었다. 이를 위해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문은 크게 일반국 민을 대상으로 한 설문조사와 대덕연구단지 내 국책연구기관 종사자들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 동시에 실시하여 두 집단이 대덕연구단지부지 보존 및 개발에 대한 생각이 어떻게 다른지 확인하고자 하였다. 설문결과, 대국민 및 연구기관 종사자 대상 설문조 사 수행 결과, 해당 부지는 국책연구기관들이 다년간 축적한 과학기술의 대중화, 사업 화를 위한 공간으로 개발되는 것을 희망하고 있으며, 이를 통해 기술 사업화 및 창업 지 원, 세미나 및 박람회 등의 공간을 희망하고 있었다.

This study was organized to establish basic data to discuss how to utilize the buildings and facilities with important historical value of modern history built in Daedeok Special Research Zone. For this purpose, a survey was conducted. The survey was conducted simultaneously with a survey targeting the general public and a survey targeting workers at national research institutes within the Daedeok Research Complex to determine how the two groups differ in their thoughts on the preservation and development of the Daedeok Research Complex site. As a result of a survey conducted on the public and employees of research institutes, it is hoped that the site will be developed as a space for popularization and commercialization of science and technology accumulated over many years by national research institutes, through which technology commercialization and start-up support and seminars will be provided. They were hoping for space for exhibitions and exhibitions.

The purpose of this study is to propose ways to improve the space of the National Youth Healing Center through interviews with experts, namely the operators of the National Youth Healing Center. For this, six space planning procedures and items were established, including planning of location, layout, space program, operation, facility utilization, and community. The results showed that location planning is necessary to consider regional characteristics, site access conditions, public transportation, and pedestrian accessibility. Layout planning must examine the connectivity with surrounding facilities, the landscape, and the flow of external traffic. Space program planning, divided into communal living facilities, educational activities facilities, professional treatment facilities, relaxation facilities, and operational support facilities, should identify room size, function, equipment, circulation, and demand for common use space. Operation program planning must design demand-based operations programs, associate them with the space programs, and reflect the requirements of the times. Facility utilization planning should consider safety and convenience by preventing the need for emergency rescues; this will include items such as safety windows, handrails, screens, and fences. In addition it should include a review of spatial variability by maximizing the requirement for spatial efficiency. Community planning must perform its organization role in consideration of the regional base space of the external and public space. Overall results are expected to serve as a plan to improve the space when the National Youth Healing Center is built in the future.

This study conducted a management system and business analysis related to urban and architecture in local small and medium cities. The current status of the management department of the master plans, which were established based on the laws related to the spatial environment and implemented projects based on them, was analyzed, and the problems were derived. The basic urban master plan of the local government is classified as a hierarchical higher plan than other plans established within the same city, but there was a problem in that the timing of each plan was different. As a problem, the contents of the sub-plan were not included in the upper plan, or the opposite phenomenon occurred. In addition, the management entity of the master plan and sub-projects was different. To solve this problem, it is necessary to form a consistent structure of systematic planning and management subjects. In addition, in the future planning stage, it is necessary to establish a master plan establishment system according to hierarchies. This study is meaningful in that it can be used to establish a master plan establishment system according to hierarchy in the future planning stage and to establish the same management entity as the master plan in the projects stage.

본 연구는 다양한 연령층의 이용자를 서비스대상으로 하는 어린이 도서관 및 어린이실의 공간계획을 위한 기초적 데이터를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법은 체류자 점유조사와 행동관찰조사를 통하여 서로 다른 공간유형을 갖는 4개의 어린이실의 어린이와 동반가족을 대상으로 데이터를 수집하여 이를 공간구성의 특성에 비추어 분석하는 방법을 사용하였다. 조사 결과를 크게 다섯 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 도서관의 입지 조건과 이용자 속성이 어린이실 면적 규모를 결정하는데 영향을 미치고 있었다. 둘째, 어린이실에는 어린이 이외의 다양한 연령층이 이용하고 있었다. 셋째, 어린이는 연령 단계별로 서로 다른 행동 패턴을 나타내고 있었다. 넷째, 각 영역별로 다양한 독서환경을 조성할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 가족, 형제 및 친구와 같은 그룹 이용과 단독 이용에 의해 선택되어지는 체류 장소에서 주로 보이는 행위의 내용과 공간 및 가구의 특성을 공간계획을 위한 키워드로 정리하여 제시하였다.

The objective of this paper is to obtain the knowledge for spatial planning of children's library which serves various users. The study method is to observes the children and their parents' space use according to the age step of children in public library, and analyzes it in the relation with the classified 4-types of children's section. Five characteristics were identified. First, children area was influenced by library location and user's characteristics. Second, children area was used various aged group with children. Third, there were different use patterns based upon age. Fourth, various reading space was needed through areas. And, last the behavior and the characteristics of area and furnishings were described.

본 연구의 목적은 어린이 도서관을 이용하는 어린이와 동반한 부모들이 가지는 어린이 도서관 이용행태와 어린이 도서관에 대한 인식을 조사하여 어린이 도서관 이용과 관리에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하는데 있다. 연구 방법은 설문지법을 사용하였다. 조사는 전국의 4곳의 공공도서관의 어린이 열람실 및 어린이 도서관을 이용하는 이용자 중 자녀와 동반한 가족을 대상으로 실시되었다. 자료 분석 결과, 4개 도서관별로 차이가 나는 요인들 6가지가 나타났다. 파악된 주요 요인들은 주민의 도서관 이용행태에 따른 공간계획 필요, 연령별 및 영역별 서가 형태 및 높이의 다양화, 어린이 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 공간 설치, 어린이의 도서관 활동의 안전성 확보, 어린이에게 정서적으로 안정된 공간 필요, 그리고 마지막으로 도서관 내부는 공간 이동이 용이한 형태이었다.

The purpose of this study is identify factors influenced of children's library use and management through investigating the use patterns and recognition of children's parents on children's libraries. Questionnaire was used as a research method. Data was collected from the parents who entered library entrance with their child and children on four public libraries. Six factors were identified from four public libraries setting. There were the spatial planning based upon library use patterns, the flexibility and mobile furnishings, the activity area for causing children's interesting, the guarantee of safety place for children, the quiet area for emotional stability, and functional place for moving around.

The aim of this paper is to examine the planning characteristics and procedures in terms of the phased spatial planning of the New Islington district’s urban regeneration Project (Manchester, UK) as a case study. The paper also examines the roles and contributions of the stakeholders of the project. In particular, this paper analyzes the processes implemented and the results obtained in terms of the 'cooperative spatial planning' aspect of the project. The study discusses the characteristics of the regeneration strategies and the cooperative spatial planning as follows. First, the central government in the UK and the Manchester city council supported urban regeneration via the urban regeneration support program. The consistent and concrete administrative support enabled the success of the cooperative spatial planning project. Second, the public sector, the private sector and residents discussed the planning content of the urban regeneration, in which planning of the strategies, master plan, and design guidelines were considered. Third, the planning principle of the ‘cooperative spatial planning’ in the New Islington urban regeneration project is to restore and maintain the various communities. Following this principle, consultations with the stakeholders were used to develop the master plan for linking memories to the past and vision in the future, and to create spaces in the present. Forth, the public sector, the private sector and residents participated in the cooperative planning of the spaces by playing different roles and entering into relationships with one another. Finally, the architects offered optimal spatial planning by providing spaces the residents needed by understanding the residents' demands and applying this knowledge to the planning of the project.

공간계획이 규범의 영역으로 본격적으로 도입된 것은 동서양을 막론하고 그렇게 긴 역사를 가지고 있다고 볼 수는 없다. 기존에 토지를 중심으로 규범을 정립하고 계획을 수립하는 수준에서 이제는 환경의 문제와 더불어 해양보호 와 개발에도 계획적 접근이 필요한 시기가 도래하였다. 프랑스도 세계에서 두 번째 넓은 배타적 경제수역을 가지고 있음에도 계획적으로 활용할 필요성을 알게 된 것은 그렇게 오래된 것은 아니다. 일반적으로 해양공간의 관리하는 것으로 해양자원을 다양한 목적으로 이용, 보전, 개발하는 인간의 모든 활동이 생태계와 그 구성요소 및 지원서비 스를 고려하여 이루어지도록 하기 위한 행위전반을 의미한다. 지속가능한 이용을 위한 해양공간관리의 개념과 원 칙에 관한 고찰, 이문숙, Ocean and polar research, vol.33 p. 497-506이러한 의미와 더불어 바다의 이용에 있어서 도 ‘지속가능한’이라는 용어를 제외하고는 해양문제를 논할 수 없는 단계에 왔다. 그래서 유럽차원에서 바다의 활용 에 관한 규정을 마련하고 회원국들에 강제하고 프랑스도 이에 따라 해양계획 수립을 위한 법령들과 계획들을 수립 중에 있다. 이러한 조치를 취하기 위해서 프랑스에서는 다음과 같은 조치들을 해야 한다고 해양개발보고서를 제출 하였다. 첫째, 바다에 관한 법령들과 계획을 세우기 위해서는 먼저 바다에 대하여 근본적인 지식들을 축적하여야 한다. 이 를 위해서는 바다에 관한 연구를 강화하고, 연구자들 간의 상호협력, 각종프로그램과 예산간의 유기적 시스템 마련 을 촉구하고 있다. 둘째, 바다에 있어서 안전과 확실성을 위한 조치를 하여야 한다. 즉, 해적, 해양산고, 바다를 통한 밀입국, 친환경적 인 해양수송을 위한 종합적 조치를 마련하여야 한다. 셋째, 생태시스템에 가장 근접한 바다공간들을 계획화하여야 한다. 즉, 바다연안의 접근과 관련하여 바다를 점하고 있는 광역자치단체들 간의 경험을 공유하고 서로 협약을 체결하여 강화하여야 한다. 프랑스는 특히 지중해에 존재 하는 바다 보호 구역을 만들 것을 제안하고 있다. 그리고 북극을 보존하기 위한 조치의 마련이다. 국가의 수준에서 는 새로운 기구를 창설하여 바다의 통치를 담당하도록 할 것을 제안하였다(해양수산위원회, 해외의 연안바다에 관 한 국경위원회 등)넷째, 바다를 접한 광역자치단체로 하여금 해양수송을 개발하도록 할 것, 공간에 대한 연구 수단 의 개발, 해외령의 바다로 하여금 국제적 역할을 담당하도록 하는 것, 위험의 예방 등은 시급히 해결해야할 문제로 지적하였다. 다섯째, 국가의 바다에 대한 역할을 강화하여야 한다. 여섯째, 대양의 세계적 통치에 있어서, 국제해양법에 있어서 국제협약을 발전시키고 시행중중인 협약을 보충하고, 해양은 국제공동의 자산으로 역할을 한다는 개념을 강화할 것을 제안하고 있다.

Dans le droit français, le Schéma de mise en valeur de la mer ou SMVM est un instrument d'aménagement du territoire et de porté à connaissance qui cherche à atteindre une meilleure incorporation et valorisation du littoral dans une démarche globale d'aménagement durable du territoire. Ce schéma est validé par la préfecture. Depuis la loi n°2005-157 du 23 fevrier 2005 relative au developpement des territoires ruraux, le SMVM en principe approuves par le prefet. Ce schéma porte sur une portion (terre-mer) du littoral pouvant inclure un estuaire, une lagune, des zones humides ou milieux arrière-littoraux, un port, etc. Ce schéma est considérés comme créant une entité géographique et maritime cohérenteLe premier fois la loi du 7 janvier 1983 a créé le SMVM, et le 5 décembre 1986 le décret définissant son contenu et son mode d'élaboration a été signé. Le Schema de mise en valeur de la mer se montre sous la forme d'un rapport auquel sont joints des documents graphiques et des annexes. Les schemas de coherence territoriale et, en l'absence de ceux-ci, le PLU et les carts communales devaient etre compatibles avec leurs dispositons. Mais Les SMVM n'etaient pas en principle directement opposables aux autorisation d'occupation des sols. Mais, depuis 2005, SMVM n'a plus la memes effets que les DTA

Despite the fact that the leisure time for the youths is increasing, most youths are quiet and doing their personal activity, so they are not comparatively spending much time actively. There needs to be a societal system and supporting space where the youths can participate in various activities such as in culture or sports after weekday lessons or during the weekends. As an off-campus and social educational institution, Children's Palace is of great significance in nurturing people, creating social benefits and improving talent performance in socialist countries. It is becoming more and more influential in many cities across the country due to the increasing focus on public quality education of the next generation. However, research into the designing of Children's Palace construction is quite limited. The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the youth center in Korea and children's palace in China for spatial composition characteristics. It is hoped that the study will serve as an effective beacon for those who devise Children's Palace for the youths, contribute to improving qualitatively the life quality of the youths and correspond with the true welfare for the youths in society.

This study analyzes opinions collected during the pre-planning of the Green Smart Future School at H Elementary School in Gwangju, with 173 students and 64 parents, to derive planning directions and elements for informal learning and social spaces. Open-ended responses were segmented into meaning units and inductively classified into six need categories: play and physical activity (R1), peer interaction (R2), rest and relaxation (R3), emotional communication and counseling (R4), autonomous and creative activity (R5), and outdoor and ecological connection (R6). A comparison of the two groups structured these needs into three types. Peer interaction was a common need; students’ emotional and restorative needs and parents’ needs for autonomy and outdoor connection were conflicting needs; and emotional communication and counseling (R4), prominent only among students, was an overlooked need absent from adult perception (per-category Fisher exact tests with Bonferroni correction; R4: students 23.5%, parents 0.0%, corrected p<.001). The study maps this classification onto space-innovation specialized spaces and planning elements, proposing a community hub at the circulation node for common needs, overlapped multi-use spaces for conflicting needs, and a classroom-adjacent emotional communication corner for the overlooked need.

As of the end of 2023, the aging phenomenon in Korea is serious, and single-person households aged 70 or older account for approximately 1.95 million households, or 19.76% of all single-person households. This number is expected to more than double in the next 30 years. This means that a structural and social change is needed in which society, not families, should support the elderly. The background and purpose of this study are to analyze the functions and spatial composition of senior centers Senior centers are expanding from simple leisure spaces to regional networks that discover and support vulnerable groups in blind spots of welfare. Senior centers are expected to make an important contribution to the creation of senior-friendly cities in the future as main spaces where the elderly can engage in leisure and social activities. This study conducted a field survey of senior welfare centers in Gyeongbuk province to analyze the number of users and the size of the centers. The results are summarized as follows. First, the spatial composition of the senior welfare centers is mainly comprised of living rooms, kitchens, inner rooms, bathrooms, entrances, storerooms, and boiler rooms. Among these, kitchens and living rooms are considered to be sufficiently separated spatially. Additionally, there is a trend towards planning bathrooms and inner rooms as gender-segregated spaces. Second, the analysis showed that the combined ratio of living rooms and kitchens was the highest, followed by inner rooms and bathrooms. Finally, the average unit area by spatial function is shown in Table 1. Overally, the average unit area for male elderly populations was higher than that for female elderly populations. This suggests that there are more female elderly populations than male elderly populations in senior welfare centers.

최근 해월 최시형(海月 崔時亨 1827-1898)의 생가가 경주 중심상가의 공영주차장 화장실 부근으로 밝혀졌다. 이에 주차장을 해월의 생가 복원을 포함한 시민공원으로 조성해서, 경주도심 속 새로운 정신문화의 명소로 만들 목적으로콘텐츠를 구상해 보았다. 공간구성은 해월정신에 입각한 동학의 상징성을 부여하고, 현대사회 속 대중들의 바람 및 침체된 중심상가의 활성화를 연계시켜기획하였다. 이에 따라 해월생가 복원이 경주시민을 위한 휴식처와 새로운정신문화공간을 제공하고, 나아가 국내외 관광객들을 수용할 수 있는 긍정적결과가 이뤄지기를 기대해 본다.

Recently, the birthplace of Haewol Choi Si-hyeong(海月 崔時亨 1827-1898) was found near the restroom of public parking lot which is where the central of shopping district in Gyeongju. So if we assume that the public parking lot will be constructed as a citizen park, including restoration of the birthplace of Haewol, this cultual contents planning was conceived for the purpose of making it a famous spot for a new spiritual culture in Gyeongju. It was planned to link the desire of the masses in modern society and invigorate the activation of the stagnant central shopping district and the spatial organization gives the symbolism of Donghak which is based on the Haewol philosophical thought. Therefore, this cultual contents planning is expected a positive result that the restoration of the birthplace of Haewol will provide a resting place and a new spiritual and cultural space for Gyeongju citizens, furthermore accommodate domestic and foreign tourists.

This study has two research purposes concerning the development of measurements in pursuit of a low carbon green city: The first purpose is the identification of the basic planning elements which comprise a low-carbon green city, and the other is the application of these to a particular small-to-medium-sized local city in order to embody urban spatial structure. The results of this study are summarized as follows: Firstly, Six basic elements required for a low carbon green city were land use, transportation, green environment/ecology, water environment, material environment and air/climate environment. Among them, these elements (land use, transportation, and green environment/ ecology) are necessary for spatial urban structure in a city's master plan. Secondly, The six basic elements identified in the first part of research were applied to Aphae New Town in Chonnam Province, South Korea, and we tried to devise a spatial urban structure in the form of a compact city. We conducted this research with the goal of identifying commonalities in Korea and Japan through literature reviews and case studies.