Earticle

목적: 천연 화장품에 대한 수요가 증가함에 따라 적절한 생산 관리 및 품질 관리가 우선 되어야 한다. Chlorogenic aicd (CGA), epicatechin gallate (ECG) 및 rosmarinic acid (RMA)을 지표성분으로 선택하여 Ligularia stenocephala (LS; 곤달비), Orostachys japonica (OJ; 와송) 및 Lavandula angustifolia (LA; 라벤더) 50 % EtOH 추출물이 함유 된 화장품 조성물 LOL을 검증했다. 방법: High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array (HPLC-DAD)를 사용하여 LOL (Ligularia stenofelphala, Orostachys japonica, Lavandula anfustifolia)의 세 가지 화합물을 동시에 분석했다. HPLC-DAD를 사용하여 선형성, 정확도 및 정밀도 분석 을 수행했다. 그리고 DPPH 라디칼 소거 분석을 통해 항산화 효과를 평가했다. 결과: 세 가지 추출물 모두 DPPH 라디칼 소거 효과 가 높았으며 검출 된 지표 성분은 유의 한 직선성을 나타냈다(R2≥0.9997). CGA, ECG 및 RMA의 검출 한계(LOD)는 각각 0.83 µg/ mL, 0.33 µg/mL 및 0.20 µg/mL이며, CGA, ECG 및 RMA의 정량 한계(LOQ)는 각각 2.51 µg/mL, 0.99 µg/mL 및 0.61 µg/mL이 다. 분석법 검증 결과, CGA, ECG 및 RMA의 허용 가능한 정밀도(일중 및 일간 정밀도)는 각각 1.77, 1.42, 0.80 % 및 1.09, 0.72, 1.42 %이고, 회수율은 각각 102.00 %-117.78 %, 94.40 %-108.06 % 및 93.79 %-107.05 %이다. 결론: 3 개의 지표 성분의 함량 은 각각 13.99 µg/mL CGA, 8.28 µg/m ECG 및 8.40 µg/mL RMA 이다. 또한 본 연구는 개발 된 방법이 LOL 화장품 조성물 품질 관리 프로세스를 검증 할 수 있음을 시사한다

Purpose: As the demand for natural cosmetics increases, properly managing production and quality control should be prioritized. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and rosmarinic acid (RMA) were selected to validate the cosmetic composite LOL, a mixture of 50% EtOH extract of Ligularia stenocephala (LS), Orostachys japonica (OJ), and Lavandula angustifolia (LA). Methods: Highperformance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was used to simultaneously analyze the three LOL compounds from LOL (Ligularia stenocephala , Orostachys japonica , Lavandula angustifolia ). Linearity, accuracy, and precision analyses were performed using HPLC-DAD, and the anti-oxidative effects were evaluated through a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay. Results: All three extracts showed a high DPPH radical-scavenging effect, and the detected marker compounds showed significant linearity (R2≥0.9997). The limit of detection (LOD) of CGA, ECG, and RMA was 0.83 μg/mL, 0.33 μg/mL, and 0.20 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the limit of quantification (LOQ) of CGA, ECG, and RMA was 2.51 μg/mL, 0.99 μg/mL, and 0.61 μg/mL, respectively. Method validation showed acceptable precision (intra-and inter-day precision, CGA, ECG, and RMA, 1.77, 1.42, 0.80% and 1.09, 0.72, 1.42%, respectively) and recovery (CGA, ECG, and RMA, 102.00%–117.78%, 94.40%-108.06%, and 93.79%–107.05%). Conclusion: The contents of the three markers were 13.99 μg/mL CGA, 8.28 μg/mL ECG, and 8.40 μg/mL of RMA, respectively. This study also suggests that the developed method can validate the LOL cosmetic composition quality control process.

目的: 随着对天然化妆品需求的增加，应优先考虑妥善管理生产和质量控制。选择绿原酸(CGA)、表儿茶素没食 子酸酯(ECG)和迷迭香酸(RMA)来验证化妆品复合物 LOL，这是一种由 50% 乙醇提取物的窄头胡瓜 (LS)、粳稻 (OJ) 和狭叶薰衣草的混合物（LA）。方法: 采用带二极管阵列检测器的高效液相色谱法（HPLC-DAD）同时分析 来自 LOL（Liguaria stenocephala 、Orostachys japonica 、Lavandula angustifolia ）的三种 LOL 化合物。使 用 HPLC-DAD 进行线性、准确度和精密度分析，并通过 DPPH 自由基清除试验评估抗氧化作用。结果: 三种提 取物均显示出较高的 DPPH 自由基清除作用，且检测到的标记化合物呈显着线性（R2≥0.9997）。CGA、ECG 和 RMA 的检测限 (LOD) 分别为 0.83 μg/mL、0.33 μg/mL 和 0.20 μg/mL。同时，CGA、ECG 和 RMA 的定量 限 (LOQ) 分别为 2.51 μg/mL、0.99 μg/mL 和 0.61 μg/mL。方法验证显示，CGA、ECG 和 RMA的可接受的精 密度（日内和日间精密度)分别为 1.77、1.42、0.80% 和 1.09、0.72、1.42%; CGA、ECG 和 RMA的回收率分别 为102.00%– 117.78%、94.40%-108.06% 和 93.79%–107.05%。结论: 三种标志物的含量分别为 13.99 μg/mL (CGA)、8.28 μg/mL (ECG) 和 8.40 μg/mL (RMA)。这项研究还表明，所开发的方法可以验证 LOL 化妆品成分的 质量控制过程。

목적: 최근 화장품 산업의 핵심 원료에 대한 천연 추출물 및 천연 유래 성분에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으나 그 제조 및 품질 관리 기준이 충분히 확립되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 Chrysanthemum indicum (CI) 및 Cymbopogon cirtratus (CC)의 에탄올 추출물 을 사용하여 천연 화장품 조성물의 지표 성분을 표준화하고 분석방법을 확립하고자 하였다. 방법: LC/MS 분석을 통해 정량 분석 을 위한 지표 성분으로 astragalin과 p-coumaric acid를 선정하였다. HPLC-DAD를 사용하여 두 추출물의 혼합조성물에서 지표 성분을 동시에 분석했다. HPLC-DAD를 사용하여 직선성, 정확성 및 정밀성 분석을 수행했다. 결과: CI의 지표 성분은 astragalin 으로 CC의 지표 성분은 p-coumaric acid로 결정했다. 각 추출물에서 검출 된 2 개의 지표 성분은 직선성을 나타냈다(R2≥0.9999). Astragalin과 p-coumaric acid의 검출 한계(LOD)는 각각 1.20 ng/mL와 0.07 ng/mL였으며, astragalin과 p-coumaric acid의 정 량 한계(LOQ)는 각각 3.59 ng/mL와 0.22 ng/mL였다. 각 지표 성분의 함량은 CI에서 0.24 μg/mg, CC에서 1.55 μg/mg 이었다. 결론: 두 허브에 대한 동시 분석법 확립 및 지표 성분의 선정을 통해 천연 화장품의 제조 및 품질관리를 위한 중요한 기초 자료로 활 용 될 수 있다.

Purpose: Recently, the demand for natural extracts and naturally derived ingredients from core raw materials has increased in the cosmetic industry, but their manufacturing and quality control standards are not sufficiently established. This study aims to standardize the compositions of marker compounds from natural cosmetics using ethanol extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum (CI) and Cymbopogon cirtratus (CC). The method is then validated. Methods: In liquid chromatography (LC)/mass spectrometry, astragalin and p -coumaric acid were determined as the marker compounds for quantitative analysis. The performances (linearity, accuracy, and precision) of these two marker components were simultaneously analyzed in a mixture of both natural products using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Results: The marker compounds of CI and CC in the extracts were determined as astragalin and p -coumaric acid, respectively. The detected marker compounds from the CI and CC showed significant linearity (R2≥0.9999). The astragalin and p -coumaric acid markers achieved limits of detection of 1.20 and 0.07 ng/mL, respectively, and limits of quantification of 3.59 and 0.22 ng/mL, respectively. The marker concentrations were 0.24 μg/mL in CI and 1.55 μg/mL in CC. Conclusion: This study suggests that the developed method may be an important basic data for the manufacturing and quality control of natural cosmetic.

目的: 近年来，化妆品行业对核心原料中天然提取物和天然衍生成分的需求有所增加，但其制造和质量控制 标准尚未得到充分确立。这项研究旨在使用菊花(Chrysanthemum indicum , CI)以及柠檬草(Cymbopogon cirtratus , CC)的乙醇提取物标准化天然化妆品中标志物的组成。 然后验证该方法。方法: 在LC/MS中，黄芪素和 对香豆酸被确定为定量分析的标志物。使用带有二极管阵列检测器的高效液相色谱法（HPLC-DAD），同时在两 种天然产物的混合物中分析了这两种标记物组分的性能（线性，准确度和精密度）。结果: 提取物中CI和CC的标 记化合物分别测定为黄芪素和对香豆酸。从CI和CC中检测到的标记化合物显示出显着的线性（0.9999）。黄芪 素和对香豆酸的检出限（LOD）分别为1.20 ng/mL和0.07 ng/mL，黄芪素和对香豆酸的定量限（LOQ）分别为 3.59 ng/mL和0.22 ng/mL。标记物浓度在CI中为0.24 μg/mL，在CC中为1.55 μg/ mL。结论: 通过建立草药和 指示剂成分的同时分析方法，可以将其用作天然化妆品生产和质量控制的重要基础数据。

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of different types of simultaneous presentation (i.e., reviewer information, textual and visual content, and similarity between textual-visual contents) on review usefulness and review enjoyment in online restaurant reviews (ORRs), as they are interrelated yet have rarely been examined together in previous research. By using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) methodologies, we found that review readability in textual content and salient objects in images in visual content have a significant impact on both review usefulness and review enjoyment. Moreover, similarity between textual-visual contents was found to be a major factor in determining review usefulness but not review enjoyment. As for reviewer information, reputation, expertise, and location of residence, these were found to be significantly related to review enjoyment. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on ORRs and provides valuable implications for general users and managers in the hospitality and tourism industries.

This study tests whether sentence-level source text syntactic complexity predicts time-normalised disfluency in English–Korean simultaneous interpreting. Complexity is indexed by mean dependency distance (MDD); disfluency comprises silent pauses (≥1.0 s), filled pauses, repetitions, self-repairs, and other events, reported as rates (events·min⁻¹). Six graduate student interpreters produced sentence-aligned outputs, with sentence × interpreter as the observation unit. Analyses used a negative-binomial GLMM with a duration offset, complemented by Kruskal–Wallis tests across MDD tertiles. Results showed that higher MDD predicted higher total disfluency rates (IRR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.09, 1.32], p < .001), with only silent pauses and repetitions exhibiting reliable increases across complexity groups. These findings support treating disfluency as a rate-sensitive indicator of structural load rather than a categorical defect. Methodologically, the study demonstrates a tractable workflow for sentence-level alignment and incidence-rate modelling. Pedagogically, it motivates difficulty calibration by MDD and targeted practice to manage pausing and repetition in student interpreter training.

The easy and simple simultaneous analytical method of preservatives (BA, SA, DHA, MP, EP, IPP, PP, IBP and BP) was studied by more easily changing from method used in food and drug using HPLC with scherzo SM-C18 column. All presevatives were seperated successfully in mobile phase of 50 mM ammonium formate : 0.1% phosphoric acid (50:50 v/v%) and 50 mM ammonium formate : acetonitrile (30 : 70). Retention time of BA, SA, DHA, MP, EP, IPP, PP, IBP and BP was 7.74, 9.08, 12.57, 13.83, 21.62, 27.29, 28.20, 33.20 and 33.68 min, respectively. The calibration curves of BA, SA, DHA, MP, EP, IPP, PP, IBP and BP were linear over the concentration range of 5~80 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of BA, SA, DHA, MP, EP, IPP, PP, IBP and BP were 0.52 and 1.58, 1.09 and 3.29, 1.00 and 3.03, 1.36 and 4.13, 1.26 and 3.83, 1.02 and 3.08, 1.11 and 3.37, 0.82 and 2.48, 0.85 and 2.59 μg/mL, respectively. The coefficients of variation for intra- and inter-day assay were 0.12~2.68 and 0.18~2.66%, respectively. The developed method showed good intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy. The preservatives used in mouthwashes were BA, MP and PP and were detected in 24 samples(86%) except for 4 samples and not showed significant difference in using dose of adult and children. In conclusion, the developed method can be useful for simultaneous analysis of preservatives in mouthwashes and these results suggest that could be applied to fundamental study and guideline on content of preservatives in mouthwashes.

본 연구에서는 한국어와 영어를 동시에 습득한 5-6세 동시습득 이중언어아동의 한국어 어미 산출, 오류 및 오류원인을 한국어만 사용하는 단일언어아동과 비교 분석한 연구이다. 그 결과 이중언어아동과 단일언어아동을 비교할 때 발화 당 어미 산출율은 두 집단 간 차이가 없었지만 한 발화 내에서 나타난 어미 다양성은 이중언어아동이 보다 단조로웠다. 또한 총 어미 산출수에 대한 총 어미 오류율은 이중언어아동이 단일언어아동보다 높은 오류율을 보였다. 그리고 그 오류 원인에 있어서도 두 집단 간 매우 상이한 결과가 나타났다. 즉, 이중언어아동은 한국어 음운환경 지식의 부족함(음운 오류)과 한국어 어미의 다양하고 세분화된 의미의 이해 부족(의미 오류)으로 오류를 보였으며 단일언어아동은 한국어 어미의 문법지식(문법 오류)이 주요한 오류특성으로 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 이중언어아동이 두 명의 단일언어아동의 합산된 언어능력 보유집단이 아니라 이중언어아동 만의 독특한 언어능력을 보유한 집단임을 알 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics(occurrence, error, error causation) of Korean verbal endings between the ten 5-6year 'Korean-English' simultaneous bilinguals children and ten Korean monolingual children. Mostly, results showed that there were significant difference between two groups in the occurrence, error, error causation of verbal endings. 1) Bilingual children showed not significantly a lower frequency based on the occurrence rates of verbal endings per utterance. But Bilingual children showed significantly a lower occurrence rates in verbal ending`s variety per utterance(p<.05). 2) Bilingual children showed significantly a higher error rates(p<.05). 3) In terms of error causation, bilingual children appeared significantly higher score in phonological, semantic causes and monolingual children in syntactic one. Therefore bilingual children's verbal ending proficiency are not just a sum of two monolingual children one.

목적 : 본 연구는 노인을 대상으로 한 동시적 이중과제 훈련을 적용하였을 때 실행기능의 효과를 알아본연구를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법 : PubMed, EMBASE, CoChrane, Web of Science, RISS를 이용하여 지난 10년간 출판된 논문을검색하였고, 선정 및 배제 기준을 통해 최종 7편의 논문을 선정하였다. 선정 논문에 대한 PEDro 질적평가와 메타분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 선정된 7편의 논문은 모두 무작위 대조군 설계로, PEDro Scale 7점 이상의 높은 편에 속하였다. 이중과제 훈련의 실행기능 효과를 보기 위한 평가도구로 4편의 문헌에서 선로잇기검사(Trail Making Test)를 사용하였고, 2편에서 색선로잇기검사(Color Trail Test)를 사용하였으며, 3편에서 스트룹검사(Stroop test)를 사용하였다. 메타분석을 실시한 결과 전체적인 실행기능의 향상은 0.38로 작은효과크기를 보였으며, 선로잇기검사와 색선로잇기검사는 0.37, 스트룹검사는 0.34로 작은효과크기를 보였다. 전체적인 실행기능 효과와 선로잇기검사, 색선로잇기검사의 효과크기만 통계학적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 이중과제 훈련이 노인의 실행기능 향상에 효과적임을 확인하였지만, 이중과제훈련의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 훈련의 난이도 설정이 중요하며, 실행기능을 평가하는 다양한 평가도구와 실제 이중과제 조건에서의 수행도를 평가하는 평가도 동시에 이루어져야 함을 알 수 있었다. 이는향후, 노인들의 실행기능 향상 훈련을 하는데 적절한 중재방법으로 사용될 수 있으며, 치매 발현을늦추는데 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of simultaneous dual-task training to assess executive function in older adults. Methods : We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and RISS databases of publicated studies in the past decade. Seven studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative assessment and meta-analysis were performed for the seven studies. Results : A randomized controlled trial design was used in the selected studies, and PEDro Scores above seven were obtained. The Trial Making Test (TMT) evaluated the effects of dual-task training on executive function in four studies. The Color Trail Test (CTT) was used in two studies, and Stroop test was used in three studies. The effect size for total executive function was 0.38, which was small. The effect sizes for TMT and CTT were 0.37. Stroop Test was 0.34, demonstrating that their effect sizes were also small. Only significant effects in total executive function, TMT, and CTT showed significant effects (all p<0.05). Conclusion : This study confirmed that dual-task training was effective in improving executive function in older adults. To improve the effectiveness of dual-task training, the difficulty of the dual-task training should be considered. It is also necessary to implement assessments that can evaluate performance under dual-task conditions as well as conventional test tools for executive function. In the future, dual-task training could be used as an appropriate intervention for executive function in older adults to delay the onset of dementia.

This research was conducted on 16 students at graduate school of interpretation and translation in Seoul, and the findings showed that the accuracy of their simultaneous interpreting, measured between in the beginning of learning (in about 3 months) and the mid-term (in about 6 months), substantially improved. One possible explanation for such an improvement could be the fact that many of these students were able to perform a fairly accurate simultaneous interpretation even during the first few weeks of learning although they had never been trained for simultaneous interpreting previously. Moreover, eight out of the 16 trainees, or 50 percent of the total, showed a steady improvement in terms of accuracy of interpreting from the first to the second and to the third trials. The other students achieved the same or lower accuracy with time while one of them delivered a poorer performance in the third test compared to the first test. Not all learners steadily improved in interpreting accuracy in this study. However, it compares and analyzes their progress in the accuracy of interpretation, thereby helping better understand the learning effects of students and explore how to improve their performance.

金漢植(2014)は、ある学期の初めと終りに、同時通訳の学習者に最大限同じ条件·同じテキストで通訳をさせ、その結果を比較することで、能力の向上を確認する方法を提案した。本研究では、3度にわたり同じテキスト·同じ条件で通訳をさせ、より長期にわたる多様な比較分析を試みた。また、通訳の正確度の評価をより明確に行うため、数字の多いテキストを取り上げて数字部分に重点を置いて評価·比較を行った。 ソウル所在の通訳大学院の学生16人を対象に分析した結果、全般的には、同時通訳の学習初期(約3か月)に比べ、学習中期(約6か月)により大幅に正確度が向上したことが確認された。同時通訳をまったく学習していない最初の週から、すでにある程度正確の通訳ができていたことなどがその理由として考えられる。 また、通訳の1回目、2回目、3回目と回を重ねるごとに正確度が右肩上がりに向上した学習者は16人中8人とちょうど半分で、1回目と2回目·2回目と3回目の比較で正確度が同じスコアにとどまったり低下した学習者が8人、その内1回目より3回目の正確度が低かった学習者は1人いた。 学習者全員が順調に通訳の正確度を向上させたとは言えないが、正確度を比較し確認することで、学習効果を確かめ、改善すべき点について考えるきっかけ作りになるものと思われる。

This study aims to examine grammatical and lexical errors present in the Chinese-Korean simultaneous interpretation performances of Chinese learners of Korean. By identifying specific error patterns, the study seeks to propose effective training methods to enhance the interpreting skills of these learners. Currently, interpreting classes in graduate schools of interpreting and translation typically revolve around activities to identify errors made by students in their interpretations and suggest appropriate ways to improve them. Hence, accurate diagnosis of learners’ interpretation errors is crucial in operating interpreting classes. This study analyzes frequent grammatical and lexical errors present in the Chinese-Korean simultaneous interpretations performed by Chinese learners of Korean at a graduate school of interpreting and translation. The results show that several particular errors occurred more frequently in the learners’ use of some postpositional particles, verb endings, tenses, and verb and collocation choices. It is expected that the findings and suggested training approaches in this study will contribute to the interpreting training of Chinese learners of Korean.

As one of the research methodologies on simultaneous interpretation (SI), discourse analysis of real-life SI data can have explanatory power with educational implications for interpreter training. In this context, analysis of temporal aspect of SL (source language) and TL (target language) can provide one of the most reliable and precise indexes for quantitative research. This paper examines some sound-editing software that can replace the traditional stopwatch in measuring temporal aspects of SI. Reviewed are Wave Studio, Sound Forge and some other commercial computer software that can analyse temporal aspects of SL and TL on a millisecond basis. These tools enable researchers to easily obtain the temporal indexes of SI including the length of pauses, sentences and EVS (ear voice span). With this data, speech proportion (SP), articulation rate, and words per minute (WPM) can be calculated for statistical treatment. These pieces of software also have the function of increasing the volume level of already recorded soundfiles and can filter some of the noise in the soundfiles. Since researchers can repeatedly play back parts of the acoustic signals in SL on the upper portion of the computer screen and TL on lower portion, they can scrutinize the process of time management by the interpreters being studied.

COVID-19 has brought a significant change to international conferences imposing restrictive measures, limiting congregation and travel, also having a considerable effect on simultaneous interpreting (SI) as it mainly takes place in international conferences. Nevertheless, international conferences have adapted to a new modality benefited by the latest technologies, with online platform tools to overcome the scourge of the pandemic. Numerous online international conferences have provided open access to simultaneously interpreted oral texts, which in the past were mostly kept limited for the on-site participants. This study has analyzed four Source Texts (ST) and their equivalent Target Texts (TT), simultaneously interpreted, through recording and transcription of online open materials. Genre analysis was applied. Specifically, this study focuses on the subgenre of COVID-19 diagnostics, subject to Korean-Spanish SI. Differences between texts were evidenced based on number of words, number of sentences, words in a sentence, word length, Type-Token Ratio (TTR), and most frequented words and terminologies. Results show the strategies adopted by simultaneous interpreters and the difference between Korean and Spanish in its linguistic nature. Also, most frequented words and terminologies were identified to define a pattern and standard in the subgenre of COVID-19 diagnostics texts in Korean-Spanish SI.

This paper aims to provide empirical data on the disfluencyphenomenon observed in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting bytrainee interpreters and identify potential differences in disfluencycharacteristics by interpreting mode. Ten target text(TT)s produced bytrainee interpreters (five consecutive and five simultaneousinterpretations) were collected and compared for their disfluencycharacteristics. Following a literature review, a total of seven disfluencyaspects were chosen as relevant for the analysis of TTs produced bytrainee interpreters. They include total duration ratio, articulation rate,phonation/time ratio, silent pauses, fillers, repetitions and repairs. Theresults showed that the TTs produced in the two modes of interpretingwere similar in terms of the total duration ratios and the averagelengths of silent pauses and fillers. However, the TTs demonstrateddiscrepancies depending on the mode of interpreting in the remainingdisfluency aspects measured in this study. It was found that thesimultaneous TTs showed a higher degree of disfluency than theconsecutive ones with slower rates of articulation, lower phonation/timeratios and more frequent pauses. On the other hand, the consecutiveTTs were marked with higher proportions of more interruptive,intra-meaning unit pauses and had more frequent fillers, repetitions andrepairs than the simultaneous TTs. Such differences in disfluencycharacteristics between the two interpreting modes may lead to a better understanding of the different types of difficulties that traineeinterpreters encounter.

Simultaneous interpretation (SI) is a 'time-saving' mode of interpretation. Viewed from interpreter's perspective, however, simultaneous interpretation is a complex undertaking where listening, speaking and memorizing should take place simultaneously under strict time constraints. In case of a language combination in which Language Typology are markedly different, interpreters work under considerable pressure of having to memorize larger amount of source text information, and process more information accordingly. Pressure is particularly high when simultaneously interpreting between languages that are structurally different in terms of word order-SOV vs. SVO- or information sequencing structure such as location of adnominal phrases and key words. To cope with these difficulties, the author of this paper suggests that anticipation method under the principle of syntactic linearity play more prominent role. The author then moves on to differentiate 'topic anticipation' and 'language anticipation,' classify cues which can trigger anticipation in the process of SI, and see if the cues can be employed by analyzing actual speech scripts.