Earticle

본 연구는 모조품에 대해 사람들이 가질 수 있는 위험 또는 수익이 점화되었을 때 그들이 자신을 어떻게 추론하는 지에 따라 구매의도가 상이함을 밝히고자 하였다. 실존하는 브랜드의 모조품을 활용하였고 358명의 대학생이 피험자로 참여한 실험의 결과, 위험의 도메인 하에서는 독립적인 자아추론을 할 경우 재정적인 위험이 크다고 지각할 때 사회적인 위험이 크다고 지각할 때보다 구매의도가 낮았으며, 상호보완적인 자아추론을 할 때는 반대의 양상이 나타났다. 한편, 수 익의 도메인 하에서는 비대칭의 양상이 나타났는데, 독립적인 자아추론을 할 경우 재정적인 수익이 크다고 지각할 때 사회 적인 수익이 크다고 지각할 때보다 구매의도가 낮았으며, 상호보완적인 자아추론을 할 때는 사회적인(vs. 재정적인) 수익 이 크다고 지각할 때가 높은 구매의도를 보였다. 이 같은 연구결과는 모조품에 대한 지각과 행동적 반응에 대한 다양한 각도의 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.

The objective of this research is to investigate how consumers react differently to financial and social risk/return, referred to as an ‘asymmetric effect’. A lab-based experiment using a counterfeit but real-branded product examined the robustness of the statement that priming the interdependent versus independent self can result in differences in financial and social risk taking behavior in the context of counterfeit product purchase choice. Three hundred fifty-eight participants took part in the experiment. They were primed with different self-construal and evaluated purchase intention to the counterfeit product. As predicted, when evaluate in the context of loss claim of counterfeit product, risks were more activated, however, there was an asymmetric effect that self-construal priming had on financial and social risks. Interdependence primed participants were more likely to take a financial risk thus perform more purchase intention of counterfeit product and less likely to take a social risk than their independence primed counterparts, which led to lower purchase intention. The results of this research shed light on the various directions of future studies on the responses toward counterfeit product.

사할린은 일본 홋카이도 북쪽에 위치한 섬으로 러시아와 일본과의 조약에 의해 러시아의 영토로 확정 되었다. 사할린의 역사는 1905년 러·일전쟁에서 일본이 승리함으로써 사할린 남쪽을 일본이 점령 하면서 시작 되었다. 사할린으로 한인들이 이주하게 된 것은 일본이 중일전쟁과 태평양전쟁을 수행하면서 일본에 의하여 강제 동원되면서 본격 화 되었다. 사할린에 강제 동원된 한인들은 주로 탄광에서 근무했는데 마치 노예와 같 은 생활처럼 비참했다. 1945년 8월 15일 일본이 항복하면서 일본을 점령하고 있던 미국 은 소련과 협상하여 사할린에 있는 일본인을 일본으로 귀환 시켰으나 한인은 그 대상에 서 제외 되었다. 일본인 처를 따라 일본으로 귀환된 한인들은 박노학을 중심으로 1966 년 화태억류귀환한국인회를 조직하고 귀국을 희망하는 한인 7,000명의 명단을 입수해 일본, 한국 그리고 소련정부에 발송하고 귀국조치를 호소했다. 1989년 6월 한국의 국회 통일외교위원들이 한국 최초로 사할린을 공식 방문했으며 같은 해 9월 서울에서 개최된 한민족체전에 사할린에서 189명의 노인이 서울에 왔다. 당시에 민주당의 김영진 의원이 사할린동포 지원법을 발의했다. 식민지와 냉전체제가 남겨놓은 사할린 한인동포 문제는 그들만의 문제가 아니라 우리 국민의 문제이고 정부의 문제라는 것을 정부가 인식하고 근본적 해결을 서둘러야 할 것이 다. 이 문제는 시간이 지나면 해결의 의미가 없다. 사할린동포 1세들이 죽기 전에 하루 빨 리 마무리되어야 하기 때문이다. 그리고 일본과의 청구권 협상을 통해 유가족과 동포2세 3세에 대한 보상이 충분히 이루어질 수 있도록 정부가 나서야 할 것이다. 지금까지 무관 심과 냉대를 반성하는 자세로 정부는 최선을 다해야 하며 우리 사회의 지속적 관심도 중 요하다고 본다. 우선 정부는 사할린한인동포의 귀환과 정착을 체계적으로 지원할 법안을 지체 없이 통과시켜야 할 것이다. 사할린동포 문제에 대한 정부의 태도는 대한민국의 정 통성의 확립과 자국민에 대한 정책적 입장을 판단하는 시금석이 될 것이다. 탈 냉전시대 과거 역사의 유산을 청산하고 동북아의 다양한 이슈를 주도적으로 해결해야 하는 시점에 서도 정부의 전향적 태도는 그 의미가 높다고 하겠다. 이 논문에서는 사할린동포들의 처 음 처절한 삶을 살펴보고 한인들의 50%가 무국적자로 살아야만 했던 원인을 파악하였다. 또한 사할린 한인동포들의 영구적인 귀환과 그들의 정착과제에 대해 살펴보았다.

The purpose of this study is to grasp the cause which had to examine the life of the fellow Korean in Sakhalin and which they have to live as the stateless person. Also, the permanent return and on their settlement assignments will be examined. Sakhalin's history started while Japan occupied with Japanese victory in the Russia and Japan war in 1905. Immigration of Sakhalin koreans began in earnest while Japan mobilized them in the China-Japan War and Pacific War with the force. Sakhalin koreans who the force is migrated spent the life like the slave in the coal mine. Sakhalin Japanese were returned to Japan but the Sakhalin koreans was excluded due to Japanese defeat from the object at August 15th in 1945. Because their problem is not and sakhalin Korean countrymen problem is the problem of our people and government, it has to hurry the solution. The attitude of the government about the Sakhalin Koreans problem will be the standard judging the political position about the establishment of the legitimacy of the Republic of Korea and people. In Conclusion, the history is paid off and the meaning the positive attitude of the Korean government is the various issue about the Northeast Asia deep in the initiative situation where it has to solve.

박완서 소설은 고향을 출발점으로 삼아 현재, 인물이 살아가고 있는 탈향의 현실을 충실히 재현한다. 이를 미국 이민 서사로 확장할 때 박완서 소설은 인물들의 이민 계기, 정착 과정 등에 주로 집중하면서 한국 내의 문제점을 더 명징하게 드러내고 탈주와 회귀의 인물들을 통해 한국계 미국인으로서 정체성 구축의 모습을 보여준다. 1970년대 불온자, 무산자, 양공주 등 한국 사회에서 배제된 비국민 타자들은 적극적인 생존 의지 혹은 안정에 대한 욕망을 한국 사회 내에 뿌리 내리지 못해 미국 이민을 꿈꾸게 된다. 불온의 비정상성은 미국 이민이라는 탈주조차 불가능하고 무산자의 아메리칸 드림은 실패로 귀결된다. 양공주였던 인물은 한국 사회의 낙인을 피해 이민을 가지만 미국 한인 사회에서조차 지탄의 대상이 된다. 이 과정에서 박완서 소설은 한국인으로서의 정체성에 집착하는 이민 1세대와 자신의 정체성을 미국인으로 전환하려는 2세대, 인종차별에 대응하기 위해 한국인의 정체성으로 회귀하는 3세대의 분화를 제시하지만 이민자의 세대교체 중 전개되는 세대 간의 갈등은 드러나지 않는다. 자발적인 미국 이민 서사의 다른 축은 신분 상승을 계획하는 중산층으로 학력과 사회적 위치, 생활 여건이 비국민으로 분류된 인물들과 대조된다. 그러나 박완서는 미국 이민의 결정에서 소외되었던 여성이 노동 현장에 투입되어 계급, 소수자, 이민 여성의 젠더라는 중층의 억압 상태에 놓인 과정을 묘사한다. 이들은 외부로 대응하지 못한 저항을 내부로 철회하면서 이들에게 내재되었던 멜랑콜리 감성이 치매의 병증으로 진행되기도 한다. 미국의 상류 사회로 진출하고자 하는 희망이 소거되고 비교적 안정된 생활을 누리게 된 이민 1세대는 외부와 내부 저항의 경계가 무화된 권태와 무기력의 멜랑콜리에 빠진다. 생존의 허기로 생활의 안정이 결여되었던 한국 사회가 상대적으로 빠르게 발전하자 변화 없는 미국 생활 속에서 가치 절하의 대타항이 부재하게 된다. 이를 경험하는 이민자들은 한국인도 미국인도 아닌 부유하는 정체성의 혼란을 느낀다. 결국 이들의 일시적인 한국 귀환은 막연히 잃어버린 대상을 찾으려는 멜랑콜리의 감성으로 생의 최초의 기억까지 거슬러 가기 위한 발로이다. 근원을 향한 이민자들의 지향은 코리안 아메리칸(Korean-American)의 정체성을 재구축하기 위한 과정으로서 가치를 갖는다.

Park Wan-seo’s novels faithfully reproduces the reality of hometown escape that the character is living at present starting from the hometown. When expanding it to the US immigration narration, Park’s novel clearly reveals the problems in Korea while focusing on the immigration reason and settlement process of characters. His novel shows Korean-American’s identity building through the characters of escape and return. Unpatriotic persons excluded from the Korean society such as alleged communists, proletarian, and foreigners’ whore dream of the immigration to US because they cannot adapt to the Korean society in spite of the will to survive or desire for stability. Rebellious nonstationary cannot immigrate to US and low-class, proletarians, prepare for the employment immigration dreaming the American dream after time to be parasitic on US soldiers ends, but it fails. A character, foreigners’ whore immigrates with her family away from the Korean society’s stigma but she is denounced even by Korean society in US. In this process, Park’s novel shows the division into the 1st immigration generation sticking to the identity as a Korean, 2nd generation converting their identity in to American, and 3rd generation returning to the Korean identity to respond to the racism. Another axis of voluntary US immigration narration is characters who plan the status rise with the dream of middle-class and who are well-educated and do not have the social status or desperation of life. However, Park describes a process that female immigrants to US are sent in the labor field without the preparation for the language and employment to be in the suppression state called the class, minorities, gender of female immigrant. As the resistance not responding to the outside is withdrawn to the inside, the Korean culture they got accustomed to is revealed as the dementia and melancholy. The hope to advance to the US upper class is removed and the 1st-generation immigrants who enjoy the stable life in the block of colored race fall in the melancholy of weariness and lethargy as the boundary between the outside resistance and inside resistance is collapsed. As the Korean society develops fast, the substitute for comparison does not exist in the US life without the change of development. Accordingly, immigrants feel confused about their identity. Finally, their temporary return to Korea is the emotion of melancholy to find the lost target, which goes back to the first memory in their life. Immigrants’ orientation toward the root is valuable as a process of rebuilding the identity of Korean-American.

This study was conducted to examine the 160th anniversary of Korean migration to Russia and the meaning of their return to their historical homeland. To this end, we used various research methods, such as literature review and interviews, and focused on the return of Koreans who immigrated to Russia. Chapter 1 is devoted to the history of Korean migration to Russia and explores the migration background, migration route, and early life after migration. Chapter 2 is devoted to the meaning of return and explores the return to the historical homeland, the motivation for return, and life in Korea after return. Chapter 3 examines the problems of return, examining cultural differences, language barriers, and economic difficulties. Chapter 4 examines successful cases of return, including a description of successful cases of return and an analysis of success factors. The conclusion summarizes the results of this study and presents the meaning and consequences of return.

Данное исследование было проведено с целью изучения 160-летия миграции корейцев в Россию и Центральную Азию и значения их возвращения на историческую родину. С этой целью мы использовали различные методы исследования, такие как обзор литературы и интервью, и сосредоточили внимание на возвращении корейцев, иммигрировавших в Россию. Глава 1 посвящена истории корейской миграции в Россию и Центральную Азию и исследует миграционный фон, путь миграции и ранние годы жизни после миграции. Глава 2 посвящена значению возвращения и исследует возвращение на историческую родную родину, мотивацию возвращения и жизнь в Корее после возвращения. В главе 3 рассматриваются проблемы возвращения, рассматриваются культурные различия, языковые барьеры и экономические трудности. В главе 4 рассматриваются успешные случаи возвращения, включая описание успешных случаев возвращения и анализ факторов успеха. В заключении обобщены результаты этого исследования и представлены значение и последствия возвращения.

Born in Ireland, the ninth century theologian and philosopher, John the Scot, Eriugena (810-877), left behind several commentaries, translations, books, and poems (Patrologia Latina, vol. 122). Eriugena was initially a translator and commentator of Dionysius via the footsteps of Maximus. Eriugena illustrates an unrivalled breadth of theological ingenuity in early medieval Christianity. First, he received, digested, and appropriated the theme of procession and return, which had developed from the Neo-Platonists, including Proclus, and the legendary theologian, Pseudo-Dionysius. Second, the Periphyseon was one of the earliest theological masterpieces in medieval Christianity, anticipating the Summa Theologiae of Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century. Lastly, as a faithful student of the early Fathers, Eriugena was a genuine scholar who both synthesized Eastern and Western Christian thought in philosophy and theology and also creatively reconstructed the theological discourses and themes of his predecessors, especially those pertaining to the concept of procession and return. In this article, I explored how Eriugena articulated the theological pattern of procession and return in his major works including Periphyseon and Expositiones in ierarchiam coelestem. My analysis consists of three parts: Creation and Procession from God-Creatio ex nihilo and Creatio de se ipsa; Vermicular Christology-from Worm to Phoenix; Lamp and Tallow-Double Returns in the Ten Virgins. Creation and Procession show how God multiplies everything in the world from nihilo and also God-self, 영문 Eriugena, Procession, Return, Nature, Periphyseon, Expositiones which is best summarized in God’s works of procession. Vermicular Christology symbolically illustrates the crucial turning point from procession to return in Eriugena’s skillful use of theological principles. Lamp and Tallow portrays how everything is consummated in the final stage of return. These three examples provide us with a broad pattern of procession and return which constitutes the Eriugenian theology.

본 연구는 신라 말기 崔致遠이 중국 동진 시기 陶淵明을 수용한 양상에 대해 연구하였다. 도연명은 중국 전원시의 창시자이며 최치원은 신라 시대의 가장 유명한 문인이다. 비록 두 사람은 서로 다른 시대에 살았지만, 이러한 시대적 차이는 최치원이 도연명의 영향을 받는 것에 문제가 되지 않았다. 최치원은 여러 가지 방식으로 도연명을 수용했으며, 대부분이 간접 적인 방식의 수용이다. 본 논문은 최치원의 도연명 수용 양상에 대한 새로운 관점에서 도연명 을 수용한 상황을 분석했다. 최치원은 견당(遣唐) 유학생으로 당나라에 유학하여 만당 시기의 문인들과 친분을 쌓았다. 만당 시기에는 정권이 흔들리고 전란이 이어져 당시 문인들은 도연 명의 “田園生活”을 동경하기 시작, 學陶하고 仰陶하며 和陶하였다. 최치원은 만당 시인들과 교류하며 그들 시풍의 영향을 받아 도연명에 대한 인식이 더욱 깊어지게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 비교문학의 연구방법을 채택해, 최치원과 교류가 있던 杜荀鶴, 張喬, 羅隱세 명의 만 당 시인을 착안점으로 하여, 도연명이 이들 시인에 미친 영향 및 최치원과 만당 시인의 수창 (酬唱) 과정을 분석한 후 최종적으로 “歸去”와 “氣節” 두 가지 측면에서 도연명에 대한 최치 원의 수용 양상을 연구하였다. 최치원의 도연명 수용 양상 연구는 도연명 문학이 한국에서 전 파된 양상과 최치원의 중국 고대 문학 수용 양상을 연구하는 데 그 의의가 있다.

Tao Yuanming, Choi Chi-won, Late Tang Poets, Contentment in Poverty and Pursuit of the Way, Reclusiveness and Nature, Indirect Reception. This paper primarily explores the reception of Tao Yuanming, a Chinese poet of the Eastern Jin period, by Choi Chi-won, a scholar from the late Silla period. The two poets share many similarities in their life experiences, spiritual pursuits, and poetic creations, which are reflected in Choi Chi-won's poetry. Previous research indicates that Choi Chi-won had multiple pathways of indirect reception of Tao Yuanming’s works. This study aims to analyze Choi Chi-won’s reception of Tao Yuanming from a new perspective. Choi Chi-won, who studied in the Tang Dynasty as a foreign student, interacted with many contemporary literati, thereby inevitably being influenced by their poetic styles. This paper will examine the process of poetic exchange between Choi Chi-won and late Tang poets such as Zhang Qiao, Du Xunhe, and Luo Yin, exploring Tao Yuanming’s influence on late Tang poets and ultimately investigating Choi Chi-won’s reception of Tao Yuanming. Understanding Choi Chi-won’s reception of Tao Yuanming will contribute to the study of the transmission of Tao Yuanming’s literature in Korea and the reception of Chinese classical literature by Choi Chi-won.

과거 주가 데이터와 금융 관련 빅 데이터를 사용해 머신러닝 기법으로 주식시장을 예측하는 연구는 다양하게 있어 왔지만, HTS와 MTS를 통해 거래가 가능한 주가지수 연동 ETF가 생기면서 주가지수를 예측하는 연구가 최근 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 KOSPI 연동 ETF를 거래할 목적으로 KOSPI의 상승 예측을 위한 머신러닝 모델과 하락 예측을 위한 모델을 각각 구현한다. 이들 모델은 매개변수의 그리드 탐색을 통해 최적화 된다. 또한 정밀도를 개선해 ETF 거래 수익률을 높일 수 있도록 개별 모델들을 조합한 하이브리드 머신러닝 모델을 제안한다. 예측 모델의 성능은 정확도와 ETF 거래 수익률에 큰 영향을 미치는 정밀도로 평가된다. 하이브리드 상승 예측 모델의 정확도와 정밀도는 72.1 %와 63.8 %이고 하락 예측 모델은 79.8 %와 64.3 %이다. 하이브리드 하락 예측 모델에서 정밀도는 개별 모델 보다 최소 14.3 %, 최대 20.5 % 개선되었다. 테스트 기간에 하이브리드 모델은 하락에서 10.49 %, 상승에서 25.91 %의 ETF 거래 수익률을 보였다. 인버스×2와 레버리지 ETF로 거래하면 수익률을 1.5 ~ 2배로 높일 수 있다. 하락 예측 머신러닝 모델에 대한 추가 연구로 수익률을 더 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

In the past, there have been various studies on predicting the stock market by machine learning techniques using stock price data and financial big data. As stock index ETFs that can be traded through HTS and MTS are created, research on predicting stock indices has recently attracted attention. In this paper, machine learning models for KOSPI's up and down predictions are implemented separately. These models are optimized through a grid search of their control parameters. In addition, a hybrid machine learning model that combines individual models is proposed to improve the precision and increase the ETF trading return. The performance of the predictiion models is evaluated by the accuracy and the precision that determines the ETF trading return. The accuracy and precision of the hybrid up prediction model are 72.1 % and 63.8 %, and those of the down prediction model are 79.8% and 64.3%. The precision of the hybrid down prediction model is improved by at least 14.3 % and at most 20.5 %. The hybrid up and down prediction models show an ETF trading return of 10.49%, and 25.91%, respectively. Trading inverse×2 and leverage ETF can increase the return by 1.5 to 2 times. Further research on a down prediction machine learning model is expected to increase the rate of return.

During their sojourn in host countries, individuals who are studying abroad must encounter the culture shock, defined as a state of anxiety and frustration resulting from their immersion in a culture distinctly different from their own. After going through the culture shock, they can gradually adapt to the cultural and social environments in host countries, and even establish identification with host environments to a certain degree. When these individuals return to their own countries, they are still exposed to a new type of culture shock, which is termed reverse culture shock. The reverse culture shock, which refers to the difficulties returning individuals may face upon re-entering their own culture, is considered as the extension of these sojourners’ intercultural adjustment beyond their leaving of host countries. Returnees who are subject to reverse culture shock have to re-adapt to their home cultures. If the reverse culture shock lingers too long, it definitely will jeopardize returnees psychologically and functionally. Therefore, the negative impact of reverse culture shock cannot be underestimated or ignored. In this context, it is of great importance for relevant institutions to recognize the value of providing social support to returnees in a systematic way, and offering psychological intervention when necessary. By doing so, it is hoped to weaken the side effect of reverse culture shock on returnees. Since the implementation of the Reform and Opening-up Policy in the 1970s, China has witnessed the year-on-year increase in the number of people who study abroad. With the improvement of China’s national strength on the global stage, more and more Chinese people have chosen to return to China upon the completion of their study abroad. By the end of 2016, there have been nearly 2.7 million Chinese people who returned to China after finishing their studies abroad, occupying 82.23% of total number of people who study abroad. Among all types of returnees, short-term returnees’ reverse culture shock has not received adequate scholarly attention. For this reason, it is worthwhile to study Chinese short-term returnees’ reverse culture shock. In order to fill this gap, this paper conducted systematic analysis of short-term Chinese returnees’ reverse culture shock caused by their return to China. Factors which contribute to these returnees’ reverse culture shock were mapped out, including self-managing capability, communicative capability, personal traits, second language proficiency, age, length of sojourn, preparation to return, and cultural differences. Finally, practical suggestions on how to deal with reverse culture shock were offered.

1930년대는 도시인구가 급격히 증가하면서 전통적인 삶의 방식에서도 변화를 촉구하였다. 근대라는 제도적 장치에 의해 고유한 가치 질서는 인간의 소외와 더불어 금전의 절대적 통치로 변화하였다. 급격한 사회변동과 가치변화의 유동적인 현실 앞에서 당시 지식인들마저도 그러한 흐름을 따라잡기 어려웠다. 최명익의 <비오는 길>과 스저춘의 <장맛비가 내리던 저녁>은 모두 30년대 지식인의 소외감과 외로움을 주인공의 심리 세계를 부각시키는 것과 동시에 ‘비’, ‘방’, ‘우산’이란 이미지를 도입하며 인물 심리를 상황에 맞게 나타낸다. 삶에 대한 불만을 가진 채 살고 있는 지식인은 ‘비’를 계기로 자신들의 마음을 혼란하게 만드는 사람을 만나게 된다. 하지만 서로 의사소통이 되지 않은 것을 통하여 주인공은 자아의식을 확대하고 상대방의 생각을 추측하는 장면이 소설에 흔히 등장하며 인물의 이중적 심리를 여실히 보여준다. 주인공을 흔들고 괴롭히던 이중심리는 어느 순간 꿈에서 깨어난 듯 주인공에게 아무 일도발생하지 않고 다시 원점으로 회귀하는 비슷한 틀을 가진다.

In 1930s, the traditional life-style had to be changed by the gallopingpopulation of the city. The modern times had shaken the traditional valueswith the alienation between people and the absolute domination of money. Evenfor the intellectuals, it was difficult to grasp the mainstream of that changingtimes. In the context of 1930s, <Raining Road> by Choi myong-ik and <OneRainy Evening> by Shi Zhecun both revealed the loneliness and alienationinside of the intellectuals by depicting their psychology. These authors also useimage of “rain”, “room”, and “umbrella” to express the character’s inner emotion. This intensified the sensitivity of psychological novels. In addition, thesenovels have similar structure. Even though, the two intellectuals were at peacethey felt a void in their life till they met the one who shook their peacefulhearts. Due to the failure to communicate openly made the characters toexpand their self-awareness. Besides, there were many scenes about thecharacters’ self-association and speculation which reflected their dualpsychology. Nevertheless, when the rain stopped, their life moved back to thebeginning like nothing had ever happened and it all felt like awakening froma dream.

W. B. 예이츠가 평생을 쏟은 비술연구는 그의 책『환상록』에서 결정체 를 이룬다. 그의 문학작품의 기저를 이루는 중요한 자료가 된 이 책에서, 예이츠는 사 후세계와 영혼의 영원한 환생에 대해 설명한다. 영혼의 환생사이의 기간은 6단계로 나뉘며, 두 번째 단계인 명상은 꿈으로 되돌아보기와 회기를 포함하는데, 이것은 예이 츠의 작품에서 가장 자주 볼 수 있는 단계로, “양치기와 염소치기,” 『연옥』,『뼈다귀 들이 꾸는 꿈』등의 작품 속 영혼들이 지나간 생을 여러 번 살며 존재하는 곳이다. 또한 “마이클 로바티스의 이중비전” 에서 영혼은 축복의 단계에, 다른 영혼들은 마침 내 정화와 예지의 단계에 도달하며, 환생의 영원한 순환 속으로 나아간다.

W. B. Yeats’s lifelong study on occultism is crystallized in A Vision, and it is, as many insist, the essential resource underlying his literary work. This book deals with the afterlife and permanent reincarnation of the souls. The period between lives, divided into six states, includes the Meditation which contains the Dreaming Back and the Return most often used in Yeats. In some of Yeats’s works such as “Shepherd and Goatherd,” Purgatory, Dreaming of the Bones, the ghosts are going through these states, reliving lives many times. The soul in “The Double Vision of Michael Robartes” stays at the Beatitude, and some finally reach the Purification and Foreknowledge. The souls are making progress through the perpetual cycles of reincarnations.

We conducted an empirical investigation regarding the correlation between stocks. Specifically, we use methods of random matrix theory (RMT), which originated from the need to understand the interactions between the constituent elements of complex interacting systems, to analyze the correlation matrix C of returns. To analyze correlation between stocks, we used data from Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and Standard and Poor’s 500 (S&P 500). These data are grouped according to sector. The analysis is conducted by using MATLAB. Firstly, we compute a price matrix; return matrix and correlation matrix using time series. Next, we tried to obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Then, we plotted the graph of p( ) i.e. density of eigenvalues of correlation matrix. From the graph, we discover some important information such as the correlation between stocks.

In this article, we want to explore the deeper significance involved in the gesture of returning for Korean adoptees coming back to their country of birth. Around 200.000 Korean babies have been sent to western families since the end of the Korean War. This makes it the largest and oldest post-war transnational adoption program worldwide. By now, the majority of this group has reached adulthood, and many Korean adoptees have returned to search for their biological relatives; some have even settled down in Korean society permanently. In our article, we want to focus on Jane Trenka’s two books The Language of Blood (2003) and Fugitive Visions (2009), and the theoretical framework by Frantz Fanon, especially the one he develops in the work The Wretched of the Earth from 1961. In her most recent book, Jane Jeong Trenka captures the experience of a Korean adoptee returning to and trying to settle down in her native country. The description of this experience has many similarities to, albeit also differences with, Fanon’s theory of the native intellectual returning to his or her colonized country. Trenka’s book offers a perspective which in many ways is uniquely different than the one we typically find in the majority of Korean adoptee autobiographies, in which the protagonist typically lives in the West and travels to Korea on a shorter or longer visit; in Trenka’s new book, there is no intention of leaving Korea again. But what does such a radical re-location involve more specifically, and how does this experience influence the stylistic dimension of Trenka’s writing? Frantz Fanon here offers an insightful reflection on the gesture of returning as a process of emancipation. And yet, as we argue, Trenka’s new book also reformulates the Fanonian vision in unexpected ways. Read alongside, Trenka’s work and Fanon’s theoretical framework reveal some intriguing challenges and perspectives for the adopted subject embarking on the hard and difficult journey back to her native country.

In this article, I analyzed Eriugena’s understanding of return, which culminates in deification with and in God. Metaphysical, cosmological, and anthropological aspects of Eriugena’s theology well demonstrate the pattern of return. Eriugena’s own definition of theology, just as poetry, portrays a broad dimension of procession and return. Multiple aspects of return are portrayed in Eriugena’s unique use of language and terminologies like analytica and harmonia. Eriugena divides the return into two stages, general and special returns. In spite of a certain ambiguity, general return consists of five stages as highlighted in the fivefold division of nature. Special return is another perspective to the return in general. The sevenfold special return is composed of two sub-stages, the fourfold general return reserved for all humanity and the threefold special return reserved only for the elect. They reflect manifold aspects of Eriugena’s theology deeply alluding to the theology of the Fathers. Special return, furthermore, is well demonstrated in the term deification. Deification, the final stage ascent of every natura, is completed in and with God. Relying upon the term theosis of Dionysius and Maximus, John articulated deification within a theological framework of procession and return. John’s two major writings, Periphyseon and Expositiones, succinctly dramatize multiple dimensions of deification. While Eriugena’s interpretation of double returns and deification indicate the conceptual aspects of return, Eriugena’s unique understanding of the Scriptures demonstrates Eriugena as an exegete. Eriugena’s exegetical work so permeates his theology that McGinn labels the Periphyseon a biblical commentary. Eriugena’s specific terms like symbols, signs, and parabolic transition, nicely portray the foundation of allegorical and spiritual interpretations. Among Eriugena’s numerous illustrations of Scriptural passages, I examined one case, the paradise narrative. This story is profoundly related to the two stages of return, general return and special return. The Paradise story stands at the center of the Periphyseon. There are two categories of trees, the tree of knowledge and the Tree of the Life. Eriugena also distinguishes the return to Paradise and the return to the Tree of Life. While the return to Paradise and tasting of all trees there signify the general return of humanity, the return to the Tree of Life represents the special return only reserved for the elect. The parable of the ten virgins is the best poetic and dramatic illustration for the double return. This parable also contains two sets of returns, general and special.

연구문제 또는 목적: 본 연구는 작업장 기반의 직업복귀훈련(workplace-based return to work program)을 중심으로 직무디자인(work design)이 적용된 훈련이 일반적 직업복귀훈련(General return to work program)과 어떠한 차이가 있으며 실제 훈련을 참여하는 산재노동자들에게 직업복귀에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2024년 7월부터 대전소재의 D병원에서 직업복귀훈련에 참여한 20명의 산재노동자를 대상으로 실험군과 대조군을 나눠서 훈련을 진행하였다. 훈련은 주 5회 2시간식 8주간 훈련을 진행하였다. 실험군은 직무디자인을 적용한 작업장 기반의 직업복귀훈련을 진행하였고 대조군은 일반적 직업복귀훈련을 진행하였다. 평가도구는 직업능력평가(Functional Capacity Evaluations), 작업수행의 질(Performance quality rating scale), 캐나다 작업수행 측정(Canadian Occupational Performance Measure), 재활동기(Motivation for Rehabilitation), 삶의 질(Short-Form 36)의 도구를 사용하여 전·후 비교를 하였다. 결론 또는 시사점: 훈련 후 실험군과 대조군은 모두 직업능력, 작업수행의 질, 수행도, 만족도, 삶의 질에서는 유의한 변화가 있었으며, 대조군에 비하여 실험군에서 변화량이 높았다. 직업복귀훈련에서 작업장 기반의 직무디자인을 활용한 중재가 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 향후 직업복귀훈련에서 근거적으로 활용될 것으로 제시한다.

Purpose: This study focuses on workplace-based return to work programs to determine how work design training differs from general return to work programs and how it affects the return to work of injured workers who participate in such programs. Methods: From July 2024, 20 injured workers who participated in return to work programs at D Hospital in Daejeon were divided into experimental and control groups. The training was conducted for 8 weeks for 2 hours five times a week. The experimental group received workplace-based vocational rehabilitation training with job design, while the control group received general return to work program. The pre- and post-assessment tools were Functional Capacity Evaluations, Performance quality rating scale, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Motivation for Rehabilitation, and Quality of Life (Short-Form 36). Result: After training, both the experimental and control groups showed significant changes in work skills, quality of work performance, performance, satisfaction, and quality of life, with higher changes in the experimental group than in the control group. The intervention using workplace-based job design in return to work program has a positive impact. It is suggested that it can be used as a basis for future return to work program

금융의 발전 등에 힘입어 파생금융시장은 급속히 성장해 왔고 최근에도 새로운 파 생금융상품 등이 속속 개발되어 등장하고 있다. 스왑계약은 장내에서 표준화된 계약서 에 의해 이루어지는 경우 외에도 얼마든지 당사자들 사이에 새로운 구조로 설계될 수 있는 특징을 지니고 있다. 새로이 설계되는 거래는 다양한 법적 위험으로부터 자유롭 지 못하며 특히, 금융기관과 금융소비자 사이의 정보비대칭성 등으로 인한 분쟁의 가 능성이 존재한다. 본 글에서는 국내에서 계열사를 지원하기 위한 목적 등으로 TRS 계 약이 체결된 경우, 이사의 민사책임과 형사책임 등을 물을 수 있는 지에 대하여 논의하 고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우선 스왑거래의 진화와 TRS 계약의 등장배경, TRS 계약의 특징과 위법적 요소를 살펴보았다. 이어 관계회사 경영권 방어를 위한 행위와 관계회 사에 대한 지원행위에 해당 하는 두 사례를 중심으로 TRS 계약을 체결한 이사의 책임 에 대하여 논의하였다. 계열회사의 경영권 방어나 지원목적으로 TRS 계약을 체결하는 경우, 경영상의 판단으로 보아 계약 자체는 존중받아야 마땅하다. 하지만 이로 인하여 회사에 손해가 발생하였고 이에 대하여 이사가 “고의 또는 과실로 게을리”하여 주의의 무를 위반한 경우에는 이사의 회사에 대한 민사상 책임을 벗어날 수는 없다. 단, 형사 상 책임을 묻는 것에는 신중해야 할 것인바, 이는 경영활동과 금융산업의 발달을 위축 시킬 우려가 있기 때문이다. 만일 TRS 계약을 체결하여 계열사를 부당히 지원하는 것 으로 실정법인 공정거래법을 위반하는 경우라면 이에 대하여는 TRS 계약을 체결한 이사에게 형사상 책임을 묻기 보다는 회사에 대한 과징금 처분을 통하여 지배주주의 사익편취행위를 근절해야 할 것이다.

Thanks to the development of finance, etc., the derivative financial market has grown rapidly, and recently, new derivative financial products are being developed and appearing one after another. Swap contracts have a feature that can be designed as a new structure between the parties as much as possible, in addition to being made by standardized contracts in the market. Newly designed Total Return Transactions are not free from various legal risks. In particular, there is a possibility of disputes due to information asymmetry between financial institutions and financial consumers. In this article, The author tried to discuss whether civil and criminal responsibilities of directors can be held when a TRS contract is concluded for the purpose of supporting affiliates in Korea. To this end, the evolution of swap transactions, the background of the emergence of TRS contracts, and the characteristics and illegal elements of TRS contracts were examined. Then, the responsibilities of the directors who signed the TRS contract were discussed, focusing on two cases of an act to protect management rights of an affiliate and an act to support the affiliate.

Objective To compare the outcomes of a 6-month-long accelerated rehabilitation with a 12-month-long rehabilitation. There is no consensus on the optimal duration of rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Trends in the past decades have shifted towards accelerated programs, often resulting in a return to play (RTP) at 4?6 months, postoperatively. However, longer rehabilitation cycles have recently experienced renaissance due to a greater understanding of graft remodeling. Methods Adult athletes who underwent ACLR between 2015 and 2018 by the same surgeon were included and followed-up prospectively for 24 months. Participants were allocated into two groups based on their RTP (6 months vs. 12 months) and compared with graft elongation, reoperation rate, and sports career (quit or continue) outcomes. Results Fifty-four patients underwent accelerated rehabilitation and 92 completed conventional rehabilitation. The accelerated rehabilitation was significantly associated with graft elongation?the accelerated rehabilitation group (n=9) and the conventional rehabilitation group (n=0), p<0.001?and need for reoperation?the accelerated rehabilitation group (n=5) and the conventional rehabilitation group (n=1), p=0.026. Although the relationship between rehabilitation time and quitting competitive sports did not reach significance at 0.05 level (p=0.063), it was significant when p<0.1, thereby showing a clear trend. Conclusion Accelerated rehabilitation increased graft elongation risk. Knee laxity ≥3 mm measured at 6 months after ACLR should be accompanied by RTP time frame re-evaluation. Arthrometry checkups or routine magnetic resonance imaging shortly after RTP may be considered in cases of accelerated rehabilitation.

Before the scholastic form of systematic theology emerged, the subjects of creation, redemption, and eschatology were frequently illustrated by the pattern of procession (processio) and return (reditus). Processio primarily means division and multiplication from God to every creature as at the creation in the providential developments of the world. Reditus signifies the reversal returning to the origin through the stages of redemption and eschatology. With Paul’s classic statement, “From Him and through Him and to Him are all things” (Rom. 11:36), the theme of procession and return was articulated by the early Fathers, including the Cappadocians and Pseudo-Dionysius, and often was employed philosophically by Neo‐Platonists. It is in the Dionysian corpus that we could find the best example of the framework of procession and return. Through the textual and thematic analysis of the Dionysian corpus, I will explore the way in which Dionysius initiates the illumination and formation of procession and return and cataphatic and apophatic theology as well. My analysis of the Dionysian hermeneutics of procession and return consisted of two parts: structural examination of the five books, and application of procession and return to major theological issues. The structural format of procession and return, found in chapters one and fifteen of Celestial Hierarchy, embraces multiple aspects of celestial hierarchy in a descending order. Procession and return is closely related to returning and uplifting, symbolic theology, and hierarchy. The triple structure of remaining, procession, and return is illustrated within the triple component of each chapter of Ecclesiastical Hierarchy. Unique interpretations of “divine birth” and “synaxis” dramatize Dionysius’s theology of procession and return. Two subjects, “human fragmentation” and “incarnation out of love for humanity,” anticipate further development in Eriugena’s anthropology and Christology. Chapters four and thirteen of the Divine Names introduce an overarching framework of procession and return. Dionysius’s comments on Being, Life, and Wisdom (chapters 5, 6, 7) and on three different types of movement (chapter 9) nicely present a range of aspects of procession and return. Mystical Theology envisages procession and return from the story of Moses at Sinai. Even as the shortest of five books, it presents the theological hermeneutics of literal plurality and simplicity within the framework of procession and return. Letter 9 portrays a distinctive symbolism based on imagery of “a mysterious mixing bowl.” A mixing bowl is a sign of an open and embracing power and the providential activity of God. All the analysis shows the structural application of procession and return and its multiple relationships with the theological principles in Dionysius’s theology. With its apostolic authority and theological subtlety, the Dionysian corpus had a strong impact on later theologians both in the West and the East from the sixth century onward. In the West, it was Eriugena who chiefly introduced Dionysius to Western Christianity. The Dionysian writings, mostly through Eriugena’s translation and commentary, enjoyed a revival around the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

In the United States(U.S.), since 1985 the Social Security Administration(SSA) Disability Insurance(DI) program has experienced significant growth in the number of people receiving disability benefits, such that by 2005, some 6.5 million disabled workers were drawing benefits. Since that time, except for a few years, the number of applications and new benefit awards has continued a constant, often significant growth, with awards tending to keep pace with new applications. As would be expected, this growth has resulted in spiraling expenditures, in large part because once on the benefit rolls, very few ever leave for any reason, but particularly not because of return to work. The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation of the United States public program efforts, particularly those of the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), to promote employment and return to work by Americans with disabilities. The authors focus on the various programmatic and policy changes aimed at encouraging work and reducing existing barriers to employment by persons with disabilities. The context within which Social Security Insurance program for persons with disabilities operates in the U.S. is described, as are SSA’s disability program and definition of disability, Social Security Disability Insurance(SSDI), Supplemental Security Income(SSI), and existing work incentives for each. Also presented are the new work incentives available through the more recent legislation entitled the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act, including expedited reinstatement of benefits, Medicaid Buy-in, and extended Medicare coverage. The article concludes with a description of some complementary government programs to further address these issues, and suggested approaches to research, practice applications, and key policy issues and implications.