Earticle

본 논문은 국제경영 전공, 특히 국제경영전략 분야에서 가장 각광받는 연구 분야 중 하나라고 평가할 수 있는 다국적기업 내 지식관 리/지식경영(knowledge management)과 관련된 선행연구들을 면밀히 조사하고, 이에 대해 체계적이고 면밀한 계량서지학적 (bibliometric) 문헌고찰(literautre review)을 하는 것을 주요 연구목적으로 한다. 특히 지식관리를 지식이전(knowledge transfer), 지식습득(knowledge acquisition), 역지식이전(reverse knowledge transfer)이라는 세 가지 상이한 세부 영역으로 구분하여, 1) 연 도별 발간 논문의 변화, 2) 저널별 게재현황, 3) 각 주제 영역별 실증 추세를 파악하고, 4) 그간 선행연구에 의해 채택되어온 이론 (theory), 5) 주로 실증되어진 연구배경 및 6) 주된 방법론과 데이터 소스(data source)를 조명하고자 한다. 또한, 최근 14년여(2010 년부터 2024년 2월) 기간동안 발간된 영향력 있는 상위 20위 논문들과 해당 논문들의 저자들을 파악하여 주요 연구자 및 논문들을 조 사하고자 하며, 해외학술지와 국내학술지를 망라하여 분석이 수행되었다. 이러한 문헌고찰을 통해 독자들은 그들 연구를 위한 유용한 통찰을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 언급한 조사 분석을 토대로 최근 동향을 명확하게 정리하고, 미래 실증연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

The objective of this study is to examine prior research on knowledge management in multinational enterprises (MNEs), a significant area within the international business domain. This field is especially favored by researchers focused on global strategies for MNEs. The study conducts a literature review based on bibliometric analysis and categorizes knowledge management in MNEs into three distinct areas: knowledge transfer (from headquarters to overseas subsidiaries), knowledge acquisition (by overseas subsidiaries from headquarters), and reverse knowledge transfer (from overseas subsidiaries to headquarters). For this analysis, 11 internationally renowned journals and 6 domestic journals were selected. Then, the study identifies several aspects: 1) distribution of prior research publications by year, 2) allocation of previous research articles by journal, 3) frequency trends of each topic, 4) theoretical foundations employed, 5) research contexts, 6) methods and data used. Additionally, it highlights the top 20 most-cited papers over the past 14 years (from 2010 to February 2024) and the most influential authors in this field. This comprehensive analysis includes both international and domestic publications. The author is of the opinion that the results garnered from this comprehensive analysis will furnish readers with significant insights and implications, enriching their understanding of the subject matter. Based on investigation outcomes, this study clearly summarizes the recent research trends and offers directions for future empirical experiments.

이 연구는 비영리 조직과 영리조직 내 특성들과 인센티브의 상호작용효과가 지 식이전 프로세스에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 비교하는 연구이다. 비영리조직에서 는 개인정보역량, 지식품질, 구성품질이 지식획득을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으 며, 비공식커뮤니케이션, 구성품질이 지식공유를 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 개 인정보역량, 비공식커뮤니케이션, 지식품질, 구성품질은 지식활용을 향상시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 지식획득과 물리적 인센티브, 지식공유와 물리적 인센티브와 상 호작용이 지식활용을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 영리조직에서는 개인정보역량, 비공식커뮤니케이션, 지식품질, 구성품질이 지식획득을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났 으며, 지식품질, 구성품질이 지식공유를 향상시키는 것으로 나타났고, 개인정보역 량, 비공식커뮤니케이션, 공식커뮤니케이션이 지식활용을 향상시키는 것으로 밝혀 졌다. 지식획득과 심리적 인센티브와 상호작용과, 지식획득과 물질적 인센티브와 의 상호작용이 지식활용을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다.

This study is to comparate on impact factors and moderator of incentives of knowledge transfer between Nonprofit and Profit organization. In nonprofit organization, the results founded that individual information capability, quality of knowledge, and quality of construct were statistically significant in knowledge acquisition, informal communication and quality of construct were statistically significant knowledge sharing, and individual information capability, informal communication, quality of knowledge and quality of construct were statistically significant knowledge use. Also interactive effect of knowledge sharing and Psychological․Physical incentive was statistically significant knowledge use. In profit organization, the results founded that individual information capability, informal communication, quality of knowledge, and quality of construct were statistically significant in knowledge acquisition, quality of knowledge and quality of construct were statistically significant knowledge sharing, and individual information capability, informal communication, and formal communication were statistically significant knowledge use. Also interactive effect of knowledge acquisition and Psychological․Physical incentive was statistically significant knowledge use.

일본에서는 일찍부터 인쇄 기술의 진보로 인하여 출판 산업이 발달하였으며, 이는 자연스레 출판업자의 증가로 이어졌다. 그리고 다량의 서적이 출판되면서 서적 유통이 활발해지게 되었고 많은 서적이 판매되고 대여되면서 근세적 독자의 형태가 등장하였다. 에도시대에는 출판업자에 따라 간행되는 서적의 종류가 달라졌으며, 그 중에서 스하라야 모헤(須原屋茂兵衛)는 공적인 출판물을 주로 간행하였다. 또한 스하라야 모헤의 밑에서 업무 수행을 하고 분가한 여러 출판업자는 ‘스하라야’라고 하는 상호를 물려받아 그 명맥을 이어나갔다. ‘스하라야’의 상호를 물려받은 업자는 의학, 양학, 어학, 지리 등 다양한 분야의 서적을 간행하였다. 에도시대의 출판 산업의 발달은 서적의 증가로 이어졌으며 이는 생계형 작가를 탄생시키는 계기가 되었다. 출판업자는 이러한 생계형 작가와 함께 서적 간행을 계속하였고, 점차 출판업자에 따라 간행되는 서적의 분야가 나누어졌다. 따라서 서적으로 전달되는 지식의 종류 또한 달라졌으며, 출판업자에 따른 지식과 정보의 차이가 현격하게 드러나게 되었다.

In Japan, the publishing industry developed early due to the development of printing technology, which naturally led to an increase in the number of publishers. And as a large number of books were published, book distribution became active, and as many books were sold and rented, a form of modern reader appeared. In the Edo period, the types of books published were different depending on the publisher, and among them, Suharaya Mohee published public publications mainly. In addition, several publishers who worked and divided under Suharaya Mohee inherited the name of ‘Suharaya’ and continued its name. The company inherited the name of ‘Suharaya’ published books in various fields such as medicine, Western learning, linguistics, and geography. The development of the publishing industry in the Edo period led to an increase in books, which gave birth to livelihood writers. Publishers continued to publish books with these livelihood writers, and gradually the fields of books published were divided according to publishers. Therefore, the type of knowledge delivered in books also changed, and the difference between knowledge and information according to publishers was remarkably revealed.

日本では早くから印刷の技術の進歩によって出版産業が発達し、これは自然に出版業者の増加につながった。そして多量の書物が出版されることによって書物の流通が活発になり、多くの書物が販売されて貸し出されることになると近世的読者の形態が登場した。 江戸時代には出版業者によって刊行される書物の種類が変わったが、その中で須原屋茂兵衛は公的な出版物を主に刊行した。また、須原屋茂兵衛の下で業務の修行を行い分家した出版業者は、｢須原屋｣という商号を継承してその命脈を保った。｢須原屋｣の称号を継承した業者は、医学、洋学、語学、地理などの様々な分野の書物を刊行した。 江戸時代の出版産業の発達は書物の増加につながり、これは原稿料で生計を支える作者を誕生させるきっかけとなった。出版業者はこのような生計型作者とともに書物の刊行を続け、次第に出版業者によって刊行される書物の分野が分けられた。したがって、書物で伝わる知識の種類もまた変わってきたのであり、出版業者による知識と情報の差が懸隔に表れるようになった。

This research aims to study and confirm enabling factors affecting the knowledge transfer and business process of community enterprise groups in Pattani province, Thailand. Key informants were community enterprise entrepreneurs; 30 people were selected purposively with criteria. This study used a mixed-methods approach and conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and classification, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Moreover, inferential statistics chi-square value, Phi Cramer's V, and multiple regression analysis with the R program for statistical computing were employed to analyze the relationship between the variables, test the research hypothesis, and create forecasting equations. The research results revealed that the overview of enabling factors had a very high relationship (Cramer's V=0.965). Regarding community enterprise, it was found that enabling factors related to the knowledge transfer and business process consisted of four factors: regulations and administrative guidelines, business plan, reinforcement, and brainstorming. Reinforcement was the factor with the highest degree of correlation (Cramer's V=0.873) and predictor of influence on the knowledge transfer and business process (R₂=0.670, p<0.05). This study's findings can lead to the developing of guidelines for promoting community enterprises properly and timely. These guidelines are expected to be used to develop knowledge about business models for community enterprises, which will help to improve their competency and competitiveness.

Despite the growing interest in using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for drone control, several challenges remain to be addressed, including issues with generalization across task variations and agent training (which requires significant computational power and time). When the agent’s input changes owing to the drone’s sensors or mission variations, significant retraining overhead is required to handle the changes in the input data pattern and the neural network architecture to accommodate the input data. These difficulties severely limit their applicability in dynamic real-world environments. In this paper, we propose an efficient DRL method that leverages the knowledge of the source agent to accelerate the training of the target agent under task variations. The proposed method consists of three phases: collecting training data for the target agent using the source agent, supervised pre-training of the target agent, and DRL-based fine-tuning. Experimental validation demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the training time (up to 94.29%), suggesting a potential avenue for the successful and efficient application of DRL in drone control.

다국적기업의 경쟁우위를 강화할 수 있는 중요한 수단으로 제기되고 있는 것이 기업 내 지식 이전이다. 글로벌 학습을 통해 본사의 기업 특유 (firm-specific) 지식뿐 아니라 해외자회사 특유 (subsidiary-specific)의 지식을 국제간에 이전함으로써 새로운 경쟁우위를 창출하는 것이 글로벌 경영활동에 참가하는 기업의 이점이다. 이런 관점에서 본 연구는 다음과 같은 세 가지 목적을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 지난 15년간 (2000년 – 2014년)에 이루어진 관련연구들을 분석하여, 다국적기업의 국제간 지식이전에 영향을 주는 다양한 영향요인을 도출하는 것이다. 둘째, 문헌연구를 통해 도출한 다양한 영향요인들을 종합적으로 고려하여 국제간 지식이전에 관한 보다 간결하면서 체계적인 모형 (일명 a two-gap mode)을 개발하는 것이다. 셋째, 투 갭 모형에 근거하여 본사와 해외자회사간에 존재하는 지식 갭 (knowledge gap)을 줄일 수 있는 명제들을 제시하는 것이다.

Knowledge transfer has become one of the most important means to create and sustain the competitiveness of MNCs. It is MNCs’ another advantage that they can enhance global competitiveness through the intra-transfer of not only HQs’ firm-specific knowledge but also foreign subsidiaries-specific knowledge developed from global learning. This paper has three purposes that can be summarized as follows. First, to better understand international knowledge transfer within a MNC, we reviewed top management and international business journal during 2000∼2014 and found 12 key determining factors of international knowledge transfer. Second, based on these 12 key factors, we designed a conceptual model (called two-gap model) explaining an intra-MNC’s knowledge transfer. It's more concise and systematic than the Knowledge Transfer Analysis (KTA) framework. Third, based on a two-gap model, we put forward several propositions which depicted how to reduce knowledge gap between HQs and overseas subsidiaries. We believe that the two-gap model could help a MNC’s knowledge transfer process and can be utilized for the successful outcome of knowledge transfer.

The purpose of this research is to explore whether social network sites (SNS) increases individual creativity by social network user characteristics through knowledge transfer antecedents. Date is collected through an online questionnaire from 220 SNS users and structural equation modeling is employed to analyze data. Results indicate that user characteristics including social interaction and social relationship positively were positively related to knowledge transfer antecedents namely, knowledge sharing and collective collaboration, however, social influence was positively related to only knowledge sharing. The study also introduces SNS user playfulness as a moderator between knowledge transfer antecedents and individual creativity. The study offer a new research model to explore the impact of SNS based knowledge transfer on SNS user outcome based on SNS user characteristics. The finding of study provide guidance to SNS practitioners on enhancing individual creativity.

Although knowledge transfer between two different parties occurs in IS development projects, the majority of prior studies focused on knowledge transfer from IT consultants to clients. Considering two parts of knowledge transfer in IS development projects, we must consider both ‘where knowledge is transferred from’ and ‘where it is transferred to’. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to describe two different routes of knowledge transfer, such as knowledge transfer from an IT consultant to a client and knowledge transfer from a client to an IT consultant. In this regard, we have examined the effect of two different routes of knowledge transfer on system implementation success in IS development project. Specifically, we adopted the knowledge stock-flow theory to examine the causal relationship between IT consulting firms and clients in terms of knowledge transfer and eventual system implementation success. Survey data collected from 213 pairs of individuals (both clients and IT consultants) were used to test the model using three different analytic approaches such as PLS (partial least squares) and two types of mediated regression techniques. We found that knowledge transfers partially mediated both the relationships between IT consultants’ IT skills (project members’ business knowledge) and system implementation success. Furthermore, the effects of each knowledge transfer were distinguished by depending on the types of system, such as ERP or groupware. Our attempts have significant implications for both research and practice given the importance of effective knowledge transfer to IT consulting.

Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study develops a comprehensive model to investigate the influence of transformational leadership (TL) on internal knowledge transfer (IKT) within project teams. In this model, TL is considered the independent variable, IKT is the dependent variable, and employee creativity (EC) is the mediating variable. Furthermore, the study examines the moderating effect of power distance (PD) on the relationship between TL and IKT within teams. To address these research objectives, the study adopts a quantitative research design, collecting data through a structured survey questionnaire distributed to employees in manufacturing enterprises. The sample comprises 308 respondents, representing diverse roles and hierarchical levels within project teams, providing a robust dataset for analysis. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed as the primary method to test the proposed hypotheses, allowing the researchers to examine both direct and indirect effects within the model and the moderating influence of power distance. Additionally, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the measurement model, ensuring the constructs were appropriately captured. The findings indicate that TL significantly and positively impacts employees' willingness to participate in IKT processes. It demonstrates that TL fosters a collaborative environment conducive to knowledge sharing among team members. Moreover, EC partially mediates the relationship between TL and IKT, highlighting the importance of creativity as a mechanism through which leadership styles influence knowledge-sharing behaviors. Additionally, the study uncovers that power distance negatively moderates the positive effect of TL on employees' willingness to transfer knowledge. In contexts where PD is higher, the positive influence of TL on knowledge-sharing behaviors may be weakened. These findings contribute to the existing body of literature by offering new insights into the interplay between leadership styles, employee behaviors, and knowledge management processes within organizations. They also provide actionable recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance their IKT practices. Specifically, companies can focus on developing leadership strategies that encourage creativity and reduce hierarchical barriers to foster a culture of knowledge sharing. By understanding these dynamics, businesses can improve employee engagement in knowledge transfer activities and optimize the overall effectiveness of IKT processes within project teams.

The information and communication technology (ICT) value creation process is inherently unobservable. In addition to the direct effect of ICT on productivity, some information or knowledge can create value through other knowledge activities. In this paper, we study the impact of ICT on productivity through R&D. We tested the mediating effect of R&D between ICT and productivity using panel data from 47 US industries from 1987 to 2013 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The results show that R&D partially mediates ICT and productivity. That is, ICT directly increases productivity, and some of its effects can be realized through R&D. Recipients who acquire knowledge through ICT have to interpret codified ideas and apply them to practice. The increased absorptive capacity that can be developed through R&D improves interpretation ability, allowing employees to share more complex ideas. Thus, ICT helps people to effectively communicate, but some information and knowledge can be realized and applied through R&D knowledge activities. This is the first study empirically examining the process of ICT value creation through R&D. It also provides practical guidelines for knowledge management, such as making decisions about ICT and R&D investments that are better done concurrently rather than individually to maximize their impact on productivity.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between IT human capability and knowledge transfer and the role of absorptive capacity between them. From the test of both measurement and structural model using Partial Least Squares (PLS), IT human capability is found to be significant to absorptive capacity and knowledge transfer. Absorptive capacity is also significantly related to knowledge transfer. The interesting result found in this study is that the path of absorptive capacity drawn from IT human capability to knowledge transfer is stronger than the direct relationship between IT human capability and knowledge transfer, indicating that absorptive capacity plays an important role in knowledge transfer. This result indicates that IT personnel with stronger technical skill, interpersonal skill and management capability are more likely to acquire and learn knowledge effectively from outside expertise. Moreover, this study shows that absorptive capacity, the individual’s ability to utilize external knowledge is derived from IT human capability and strongly effects on transferring knowledge from outsourcing vendors. This study suggests IT related managers that the development of IT human capability and absorptive capacity should be recognized for a successful exploitation of outside knowledge within a firm. It is also a necessary condition for a successful IT implementation and maintenance independently and economically from outside vendors.

Simultaneous interpreting requires special expertise which distinguishes the conference interpreters from other bilinguals. It is argued in this study that working memory capacity as well as knowledge about topic being discussed are the two factors that constitute the expertise of conference interpreters. Under such assumption, working memory spans of two groups of conference interpreters - seven interpreters in the Experienced Group with more than ten years of working experience and 16 interpreters in the Novice Group with less than three years of experience - were measured. Also, a survey was conducted to assess the topic knowledge of the two groups of interpreters. Then, English into Korean simultaneous interpreting experiment was carried out to investigate the implications of working memory capacity and topic knowledge on the interpreters' ability to transfer information from source language to target language. The interpreters' ability to transfer information was measured in terms of their ability to transfer meaning segments referred to as Idea Units and Essential Idea Units in the texts. The results of the experiment showed that while Experienced Group was able to transfer higher percentage of both Idea Units and Essential Idea Units than Novice Group, Novice Group of interpreters were more influenced by working memory span than knowledge while the Experienced Group was more influenced by the Topic Knowledge in their abilities to transfer information during simultaneous interpreting.

오늘날과 같은 지식기반 산업에 있어서 지식은 기업의 경쟁력을 좌우하는 중요한 요인이라고 할 수 있다. 최근 국내 건설기업의 경우 기술력 제고와 정부의 부동산 규제정책에 따른 건설경기의 하락과 내수시장의 지속적인 불황으로 국내 외의 많은 불안정적인 요인들로 인해 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 국내 건설업체들의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 기업조직이 보유한 조직지식의 속성이 조직 내 지식획득, 이전, 활용과 경영성과에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 국내 건설업체들이 조직지식 속성의 내부 요인들이 지식의 획득, 이전. 활용과 경영 성과에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 실증분석 하였다. 본 연구의 결과 국내 건설업체들의 경우 기업지식의 속성이 지식획득, 이전, 활용에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 지식이전은 경영 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다.

In today's knowledge-based industries, knowledge can be said to be a significant factor that has a decisive impact on corporate competitiveness. Recently, Korean construction companies have been going through a difficult period of time because of various negative domestic and foreign factors, such as economic decline and a continued sluggish domestic construction market, mainly due to the Korean government's real estate regulations and increasing competition from overseas companies with improved technologies. To help domestic construction companies navigate such an environment, this study empirically analyzes how the nature of corporate knowledge impacts the acquisition, transfer and deployment of knowledge within the organization of a company. Through such empirical analysis, we looked into how internal attributes of corporate knowledge affect the acquisition, transfer and application of such knowledge for domestic construction companies, with the application of the structural equation modeling (SEM). According to the results of this study, it is clear that the attributes of corporate knowledge have a significant impact on the acquisition, transfer and application of corporate knowledge, and therefore on the managerial performance of domestic companies.

다국적기업 조직들 간 효율적인 지식이전은 다국적기업의 경쟁우위를 향상시킬 수 있다. 최근 해외자회사는 현지에서 획득 및 개발한 지식을 다국적기업 네트워크로 이전시켜 기업의 성과 향상에 큰 역할을 담당하고 있다. 이와 같이 자회사가 다국적기업 네트워크로 지식을 보내고, 이 를 다국적기업이 활용하는 것을 역지식이전이라 하는데, 이를 원활하게 수행하는데 있어 중요한 요인으로 지식이전 커뮤니케이션 채널과 본사 와 자회사 간 사회적 자본이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 다국적기업의 공식적, 비공식적 커뮤니케이션 채널이 본사와 자회사 간 사회적 자본, 그리고 역지식이전에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국에 있는 해외자회사와 그들의 본사들을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였으며, 총 167개의 자료를 실증분석에 사용하였다. 분석결과 다국적기업의 공식적 커뮤니케이션 채널은 역지식이전에는 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤지만, 본사와 자회사 간 사회적 자본에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 비공식적 커뮤니케이션 채널은 본사와 자회사 간 사회적 자본과 역지식이전 모두에 긍정적인 영향을 미치 는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 본사와 자회사 간 사회적 자본은 역지식이전에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 다국 적기업 조직들 간 지식이전에 있어 지식이전 커뮤니케이션 채널의 중요성과 이에 대한 전략적 개발을 제안하였다는데 의의가 있다. 또한 역지식 이전에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 지식이전 커뮤니케이션 채널과 사회적 자본의 관점에서 살펴봄으로써 선행연구들을 한층 더 발전시켰다는데 의의를 둘 수 있다.

Efficient knowledge transfer between MNCs organizations can enhance MNC's competitive advantage. In recent, overseas subsidiaries have played a significant role in improving performance by transferring knowledge acquired and developed locally toMNCs networks. In this way, the transfer of knowledge through subsidiaries to MNCs network and the use of MNCs is called reverse knowledge transfer(RKT). The important factors in the smooth implementation of RKT are the knowledge transfer communication channel and the social capital betweenHQ and subsidiaries. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how the formal and informal communication channels of MNCs affect social capital betweenHQand subsidiaries and RKT. For this, a questionnairewas conducted for overseas subsidiaries in Korea and their headquarters, and a total of 167 datawere used for empirical analysis. The results showed that the formal communication channels had a positive effect RKT, but did not affect social capital between HQ and subsidiaries. On the other hand, informal communication channels have been found to have a positive effect on both social capital and RKT. And social capital betweenHQand subsidiaries was found to have a positive effect RKT. The results of this study are significant in suggesting the importance and strategic development of the knowledge transfer communication channel in the transfer of knowledge among MNCs. In addition, by looking at the factors influencing RKT fromthe viewpoint of knowledge transfer communication channel and social capital, it can bemeaningful to further develop previous studies.

본 연구는 한국 모기업으로부터 해외자회사에게 이전되는 지식의 정도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 지식특성과 조직특성을 중심으로 실증적으로 분석하였다. 128개의 해외자회사들로부터 이 메일을 통해 자료를 수집하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과에 의하면, 지식특성 중에서 지식의 복잡성과 암묵성이 지식이전에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났으며 조직특성 중에서는 자회사의 흡수역량이 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 하지만 조직특성 중에서 자회사의 경영자율성과 커뮤니케이션 효율성은 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 통제변수로서 문화적 거리, 자회사의 설립연한, 모기업의 해외투자 경험, 자회사의 소유형태를 포함한 회귀분석 결과에서는 문화적 거리만 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 그러나 일반적인 예상과는 달리, 문화적 거리가 멀수록(즉 한국과 문화적으로 차이가 큰 나라일수록) 지식이전의 정도가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

This study empirically analyzed the determinants of knowledge transfer from Korean parents to their foreign subsidiaries with a specific emphasis on knowledge and organization characteristics. Using the data collected from 129 subsidiaries through e-mail, a multiple regression analysis was carried out. The regression results showed that tacitness and complexity of knowledge negatively influence knowledge transfer while absorptive capacity of subsidiary employees have a positive impact on it. However. such organizational characteristics as subsidiary autonomy and communication efficiency are statistically insignificant as determinants of knowledge transfer. Among control variables, only cultural distance turned out statistically significant. Contrary to the hypothesis, however, cultural distance showed a negative relationship with knowledge transfer.