Earticle

주의력결핍ㆍ과잉행동장애(ADHD)는 소아청소년기에 흔히 나타나는 장애질환으로 초등학교 아동들의 교육적, 사 회적 적응에 어려움을 불러일으키는 요인 중의 하나이다. ADHD 증상아동들은 다른 학생들과 함께 가르치는 교사들의 태 도와 행동을 결정하는 요인에 대한 분석은 효율적인 통합교육을 위한 교육방법의 개선과 교사 교육을 위해 필요한 과정이 다. 본 연구에서는 ADHD 아동을 경험한 적이 있는 227명의 초등교사 설문조사를 바탕으로 나이, 성별, 교직경력, 연수시 간 등이 지식, 태도, 스트레스 및 교실에서의 통합교육 의지에 미치는 영향 정도를 살펴보고자 하였다. 회귀분석 결과, 5% 유의수준에서 성별은 스트레스에, 연수시간은 ADHD 관련지식수준에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그렇지만 ADHD 학생의 지도경험, 나이, 성별, 교직경력, 연수시간 등의 요인은 통합교육 의지에 별다른 영향을 미치는 않는 것으로 분석되 었다. 결론으로 교사들의 정책적 지원요구사항도 간략히 요약하여 제시하였다.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common condition of childhood onset and is of significant educational and social concern in elementary school. Investigating the determinants of teachers’ attitudes and behavior and their relative importance is crucial for improving teaching practices and initial teacher education for effective inclusion of ADHD children. Based on two hundred and twenty seven survey responses from elementary school teachers, having experienced in dealing with ADHD students, this paper examines the age, gender, career and training-hours effects on the knowledge, attitude, stress and inclusive education involving ADHD children. The regression analysis shows that the gender influences the level of stress and that the training hours has some impact on the knowledge about ADHD at 5% significance level. However, the number of ADHD children experienced, age, gender, career and training-hours were identified as the non-significant predictors of teaching behavior in relation to ADHD children. As a conclusion, a brief discussion concerning the critical needs of elementary school teachers is also presented.

본 연구는 소비자들의 의사결정 모드가 확장제품 평가에 미치는 영향에 대해 지각된 적합성 의 매개 효과와 소비자 지식수준 및 확장제품의 유사수준의 조절 효과를 확인하는데 목 적이 있다. 이를 검증하기 위해 2(의사결정 모드: 심사숙고 vs. 직관) × 2(확장제품의 유사수준: 낮음 vs. 높음) 집단 간 실험설계를 활용하였다. 실험결과 직관 모드를 사용한 소비자들은 심사 숙고 모드를 사용한 소비자들에 비해 확장제품에 대한 브랜드 평가를 더 높게 평가했다. 그리고 지각된 적합성이 의사결정 모드가 확장제품에 대한 브랜드 평가에 미치는 영향에 대해 지각된 적합성의 매개 효과가 검증되었다. 다음으로 가설 1의 효과에 대한 소비자의 지식수준과 확장제 품의 유사수준에 대한 조절적 역할 또한 검증되었다. 이러한 결과는 소비자가 심사숙고하는 방 식으로 확장제품을 평가하게 하는 것보다는 직관적 평가를 할 수 있도록 유도하는 것이 유리하 며, 특히 비 유사확장일 때 그 효과가 극대화됨을 알 수 있다. 결과적으로 계산을 하거나 스펙을 비교하는 방식은 결국 심사숙고를 유발할 수 있기에 계산적·분석적 큐(cue)를 제거할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 의사결정 모드를 활용한 브랜드 확장평가의 긍정적 효과가 발생하 는 상황을 제시하고, 이와 같은 의사결정 모드의 효과를 높일 수 있는 방법에 대해 새로운 시각 을 제공해준다.

We propose that decision mode, especially intuition increases the brand extension evaluation more favorably. In accord with this proposition, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of consumers' decision mode on their evaluation of a brand extension product and to find the mediating role of perceived fit. This study also considers the moderating effect of the consumers' knowledge level and the similarity level of a brand evaluation product. To test our predictions, we conducted a 2(decision mode: deliberation vs. intuition) X 2(similarity level: low vs. high) between-subjects design. The results confirm that consumers using intuition mode evaluated extensions more positively than consumers who primed deliberation mode when decision-making. In addition, we hypothesized that perceived fit would mediate the effect of decision mode on their evaluation of a brand extension product and the mediating effect of perceived fit is supported. Related to hypothesis 1, the moderating role of the consumers' knowledge level and the similarity level of a brand extension product is supported. The results provide managerial implications that it is more favorable for marketers to induce an intuitive evaluation rather than let the consumer evaluate the product in a deliberate way. Especially, this effect is maximized when it is far extension. As a result, these results suggest that the computational and analytical cues need to be eliminated because the method of calculating or comparing specifications can eventually lead to deliberate thinking. This study addressed a marketing context to demonstrate positive effects generated by employing decision mode in brand extension situation and provided a perspective to increase the effect of decision mode.

Fall accidents are increasing, and monitoring them using real-time CCTV systems remains challenging. This paper compares the performance of YOLOv11 and RT-DETRv2 models for real-time fall detection. Experimental results show that YOLOv11 outperforms RT-DETRv2 in terms of inference speed, making it more suitable for real-time applications. Unlike earlier studies, we propose feature map-based knowledge distillation during the model training process to improve model performance. The proposed YOLO-based fall detection system transfers intermediate representations from a teacher to a student network and optimises two complementary objectives: spatial alignment via Mean-Squared-Error (MSE) loss and channel-wise distribution alignment via Kullback?Leibler (KL) divergence. Experiments improved the mean Average Precision (mAP) and reduced processing time by 0.8ms. Evaluation on AI-hub abnormal behavior datasets confirmed a 0.02 increase in accuracy and F1-score, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed distillation method in real-time environments.

Purpose: This study investigated the relationships between mothers' knowledge and practice level of cough etiquette and their children's practice level of cough etiquette as perceived by their mothers. Methods: This study was a descriptive correlational study. The data were collected from 160 mothers with preschoolers attending daycare centers and kindergartens in Gwangju, South Korea using self-reported questionnaires. Results: The correct answer rate for cough etiquette knowledge in mothers was 86.0%, mothers' average practice score was 33.65ㅁ4.14, and their children's average practice score was 28.39ㅁ4.85 out of 48. The correlation between mothers' cough etiquette knowledge and practice level was not statistically significant. However, mothers' cough etiquette practice was positively correlated with children's cough etiquette level as perceived by mothers (r=.35, p<.001). Conclusion: The development of a systematic cough etiquette education program and measurements for both mothers and children according to their developmental stages is important to effectively prevent respiratory infections.

Purpose: The study was aimed to investigate the level of diabetes knowledge and related factors among patientswith Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Hyderabad, India. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at CARE Hospital,Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, and Magna Hospital in Hyderabad from July to August in 2014. A convenient sample of 200 hospitalized adult patients with DM was recruited. The Michigan Diabetes KnowledgeTest with 23 multiple choice items to measure general, insulin, and total DM knowledge was used. Each correctlyanswered item earns 1 point. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 23.0program were used for analysis. Results: The average age of the 200 study participants was 57.3 years; half ofthem were female and 81% were married. General DM knowledge was 7.64±2.69 out of 14, insulin knowledgewas 3.48±1.92 out of 9, and total DM knowledge was 11.12±4.11 out of 23. Men scored higher than women ingeneral DM knowledge (p=.004), insulin knowledge (p=.062), and total DM knowledge (p=.005). Moreover, significantdifferences in general, insulin, and total DM knowledge were found in education, incomes, and maritalstatus. The knowledge scores of those performing exercises, having regular physician visits, and having prior diabeteseducation were significantly higher than those of non-exercisers. Conclusion: The knowledge scores of diabetespatients in India were reported to be low, but several related factors found in this study warranted a developmentof diabetes self-management program in the future.

The study examined the perceived benefits and knowledge level of the mushroom farmers on mushroom production in selected local governments area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 143 respondents using questionnaire and interview schedule. From the result it was affirmed that the majority (63.0%) of the respondents were males, also about 81.8% of the farmers were married. Radio (96.5%) was the most common source of information available to farmers, seconded by family and friends 86.0%. Based on the distribution of the knowledge level of farmers in mushroom production (63.6%) of the farmers had highest knowledge in mushroom production with the mean score (9.28). Majority (64.3%) of the mushroom farmers perceived mushroom production to be of benefit to them, with the mean score (10.35). It was concluded that majority of the farmers that had knowledge of mushroom production needs training in some specific aspects of the production process. It is recommended that research institutes, extension agents and Non-governmental organizations needs to organize training to enlightened and provide necessary information needed to the farmers on mushroom production.

본 연구는 한국어학 및 응용언어학의 지식구조를 분석하고, 이를 초록 수준 담화의 변화와 비교한다. 2005년부터 2024년까지 Web of Science Core Collection에 수록된 논문을 대상으로, 중복 제거와 메타데이터 정제를 거쳐 최종 818편의 코퍼스를 구축하였다. 공출현 단어 분석은 Author Keywords만을 사용하였으며, 일관된 분석 절차 아래 association-strength 정규화와 Louvain 군집화를 적용하였다. 테마 진화는 inclusion index를 이용하여 세 시기에 걸쳐 추적하였고, 영문 초록은 다섯 개 지표 모두에서 유효한 결과가 산출된 796편을 기준으로 다섯 개의 Coh-Metrix 지표로 요약하였다. 분석 결과, ‘korean’ 키워드가 이 분야의 핵심 허브로 확인되었다. 두 개의Basic backbone은 여전히 중심적 위치를 유지하였다. 하나는 multilingualism, identity, heritage language를 중심으로 하고, 다른 하나는 English, South Korea, language ideology를 중심으로 한다. 반면 교육, 코퍼스 방법, stance, 디지털 리터러시를 포함하는 응용 지향 축은 후기에 더욱 두드러지게 나타났다. 최근 시기의 초록에서는 narrativity가 낮아지고, word concreteness와 deep cohesion은 높아졌으며, syntactic difficulty는 다소 완화되어, 보다 압축적이고 정보 중심적인 학술 글쓰기로의 이동을 시사한다.

This study examines the knowledge structure of Korean linguistics and applied linguistics and compares it with changes in abstract-level discourse. Using Web of Science Core Collection records published between 2005 and 2024, the study constructed a final corpus of 818 records after deduplication and metadata cleaning. Co-word analysis was conducted on Author Keywords only, with association-strength normalization and Louvain clustering applied under a consistent analytical procedure. Thematic evolution was traced across three periods with the inclusion index, and English abstracts were summarized with five Coh-Metrix indices based on 796 abstracts with valid outputs across all five measures. The results identify the keyword ‘korean’ as the principal hub of the field. Two Basic backbones remain central: one organized around multilingualism, identity, and heritage language, and the other around English, South Korea, and language ideology. In contrast, an application-oriented axis involving education, corpus methods, stance, and digital literacy becomes more prominent in the later period. Recent abstracts show lower narrativity, higher word concreteness and deep cohesion, and slightly reduced syntactic difficulty, suggesting a shift toward more compact and information-focused academic writing.

Many organizations facilitate a host of online knowledge sharing communities to assist internal knowledge sharing and operation. The permeable boundaries and voluntary structures of online communities allow individuals to span community boundaries and affect member resources and structures. Although much research has been done on members’ knowledge contribution in online communities, relatively little is known about how a member’s contribution to a community is shaped by the cross-level interactions of member’s external boundary spanning and the community’s environmental scanning or membership fluidity. Drawing from the theoretical lens of boundary spanning and the external view of online communities, we take a multi-level approach in the analysis of the activities of 1,992 members of 126 communities internal to a global company. We find that a member’s external boundary spanning activity (e.g., external knowledge acquisition via reading posts) has a positive effect, though at a decreasing rate, on subsequent internal knowledge contribution (e.g., posting replies in the member’s home community). This positive effect is stronger in communities that are more active in environmental scanning or have fluid membership and weaker in communities that are less active in environmental scanning or have stable membership.

Recently, many companies have started to manage and support CoPs formally at the organizational level because of strategic usability of CoP. These companies are also seeking ways to motivate CoP members to actively participate in their groups. Accordingly, this paper proposes one way of increasing CoP activities by rearranging CoP members. In practice, active CoP members often lead their groups. Therefore, rearranging members can, eventually, be one method to motivate more individuals to participate in CoP activities. This paper first suggests a new approach in order to improve knowledge sharing activities at the organizational level based on rearranging members of current CoPs. Second, a mathematical model is presented which maximizes total BLS (Balanced Level Score) of company A with several constraints. Then a real world problem is changed to a popular problem, VRP to solve this problem. Third, the solution program was developed to find a meaningful solution.

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 다단계판매에 관련한 지식 정도와 다단계판매에의 노출 정도에 관한 조사연구로, 이를 통하여 대학생 다단계 판매와 관련한 체계적인 방지책 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 본 조사는 한국YMCA연맹과의 공동 작업으로 2009년 5월 1일에서 11월 30일까지 서울 시내 소재 5개 대 학(건국대, 상명대, 서울여대, 성공회대, 성신여대)에 재학 혹은 휴학 중인 대학생을 포함한 984명이 분석대상으 로 하였다. 각 학교를 방문, 임의 추출된 학생들로 하여금 자기기입식으로 답변하도록 하였고, 체계화된 설문지 를 사용하였다. 대학생 응답자들의 다단계 판매에 관한 지식수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 총 13개의 문항이 다단계판매 관련 지식 정도를 측정하기 위해 사용됐는데, 정답을 맞힌 문항은 평균 5.19개이었으며, 10개 이상 맞힌 정답자는 3.8%인 37명에 불과했다. 전체 응답자 중 다단계 판매교육 및 회원가입 권유 경험자는 61명으로 총 응답자의 6.2%로 나타났으며 그중 다단계교육에 직접 참가한 응답자는 23명으로 61명 중 37.7%에 해당하는 비율이었 고, 총 응답자의 2.3%정도 이었다. 대학생 응답자들은 다단계를 통한 재산상의 피해가 가장 크다(83.6%)고 응 답하였으며 부모, 형제간의 인간관계의 깨짐(64.1%)과 건전한 근로의식 저해 및 사행심 조장(62.4%)을 피해 항목으로 꼽았다. 이에 따른 개선방안으로는 정부의 법적 규제 강화(46.0%)의 응답자 수가 많았으며 정부의 홍 보를 통한 올바른 다단계 인식 확산(19.2%)과 다단계 피해예방 교육 확대(15.9%)가 그 뒤를 이어, 정부의 역 할을 강조하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

The purpose of the study was to investigate college students’ knowledge and experience in multi-level marketing. The data included 984 cases of the students from five universities (Konkuk University, Sangmyung University, Seoul Women’s University, Sungkonghoe University, and Sungshin Women’s University) in Seoul on May to November in 2009. SPSS statistics 20 was used for statistical analyses. Major findings were as follows. College students’ knowledge of multi-level marketing tended to be low. A total of 13 questions were asked to measure the knowledge of multi-level marketing, and an average of 6.19 questions were answered right. Only 3.8% (37 people) of the respondents answered more than 10 questions correctly. Respondents who have been educated, or received memberships from Multi-level marketing companies were 61 people which were 6.2% of the total 984 respondents. Of the 61 respondents, twenty three people, 37.7% of the 61 who had experience in multi-level marketing, and approximately 2.3% of total 928 respondents, have had directly experiences in multi-level marketing. From the survey, the main damages of multi-level marketing seen by college students were loss of properties (64.1%), destroying the relationships between family, and friends (62.4%) due to multi-level marketing. Most students agreed that it is a role of the government to provide education, and legislate legal regulations in order to protect consumers to reduce consumer damages in multi-level marketing.

본 연구는 노인들의 구강보건지식수준과 구강보건교육요구도 및 구강건강평가지수(GOHAI)의 연관성을 파악하여 구강 보건교육의 중요성을 강조하기 위해 실시하였다. 자료조사는 2020년 1월 6일부터 2020년 2월 7일까지 충북지역의 65세 이상 노인 191명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료의 분석을 위해 χ2-test, 독립표본 t검정, Pearson 상관분석, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행 하였다. 조사결과 GOHAI로 측정한 구강건강관련 삶의 질은 구강보건교육경험이 있고, 구강보건지식수준과 구강보건교육요구 도가 높으며, 정기적인 구강검진을 받을수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 노인들의 구강건강관련 삶의 질 향상을 위해서는 구강보건교육의 기회를 다양하게 개발하고 지속적으로 확대하여 구강보건교육의 참여율을 높이는 정책 마련이 요구된다.

This study was conducted to emphasize the importance of oral health education by identifying the relationship between the oral health knowledge level, the oral health education request level, and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index(GOHAI) of the elderly. The survey was conducted on 191 elderly people aged 65 and over living in Chungbuk from January 6, 2020 to February 7, 2020, and for data analysis, χ2-test, t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis were performed. As a result, it was found that the quality of life as measured by GOHAI increased when they had oral health education experience, had a high level of oral health knowledge and oral health education request level, and had regular oral examinations. Based on the above results, in order to improve the quality of life related to oral health of the elderly, it is necessary to prepare policies to increase the participation rate by developing and continuously expanding opportunities for oral health education in various ways.

목적: 임상에서 치과 임플란트 관련 업무를 원활하게 수행하려면 충분한 지식과 교육이 제공되어야 하지만, 현 재 대학교육에서 치과 임플란트에 대한 교육은 충분하지 않다. 이에 본 연구는 임상 치과위생사의 치과 임플란트 관련 지식과 실무 수행 수준을 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 교육 요구도와 우선적으로 필요한 교육 주제를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법: 임상 치과위생사 204명을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 치과 임플란트에 대한 기초, 수술, 보철, 유지관리의 4가지 영역에서 지식 및 실무 수준을 평가하였다. 또한, Borich 우선순위 분석과 The Locus for Focus Model 을 활용하여 교육 요구도 및 우선순위를 결정하였다. 결과: 대상자들의 치과 임플란트 관련 지식 및 실무 관련 현재수준의 평균은 각각 3.91점과 4.14점으로, 필요수 준은 각각 4.22점과 4.41점으로 평가되었다. 두 분석 모델에서 공통적으로 교육 요구도가 높은 항목은 ‘치과 임 플란트 기전', ‘치과 임플란트 지대주 종류', ‘치조골 분할술', ‘보철 종류별 인상채득 재료 및 방법’으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 치과 임플란트에 대한 임상가들의 교육 요구도를 구체적으로 분석하였으며, 이후 교육 과정 개발 및 운영의 기초 자료로 사용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

Background : To competently perform dental implant-related tasks in clinical settings, sufficient knowledge and education must be provided. However, the current university curriculum provides limited education on dental implants. Therefore, this study aims to assess the knowledge and practical proficiency of clinical dental hygienists regarding dental implants, and based on the findings, determine educational needs and prioritize essential training topics. Methods : A survey was conducted among 204 clinical dental hygienists to evaluate their knowledge, clinical skills, and educational needs across four domains: basic principles, surgical implant procedures, prosthodontic techniques and maintenance care. Additionally, the Borich Needs Assessment Model and the Locus for Focus Model were utilized to identify and visualize the priority of educational needs. Results : The participants’ average scores for current knowledge and practical skills were 3.91 and 4.14, respectively, while the perceived required levels were 4.22 and 4.41. The subjects that consistently showed high educational demand across both analysis models were ‘Dental Implant Mechanism,’ ‘Types of Implant Abutments,’ ‘ Ridge Expansion Techniques’ and ‘Impression Materials and Techniques for Different Types of Prostheses.' Conclusion : This study offers a comprehensive analysis of clinical dental hygienists’ educational needs regarding dental implants and is expected to provide foundational data for the design and implementation of future educational curricula.

본 연구는 소비자가 보험을 통해 효율적인 위험관리를 할 수 있도록 보험지식 수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 보험에 가입하고 있는 금융소비자의 보험지식 수준과 영향 요인을 파악하였다. 이를 위해 현재 보험상품에 가입하고 있는 금융소비자(이하 ‘보험소비자’) 692명을 대상으로 2018년 2월 13일∼2월 23일까지 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보험소비자의 지식수준을 살펴본 결과, 보험용어의 평균 점수는 3.80점, 보험상품의 평균 점수는 6.28점, 보험가입 단계의 평균 점수는 12.07점으로 나타났다. 각 하위 영역별 보험소비자의 상대적 지식수준을 평가하기 위해 백분위 점수로 표준화시킨 결과, 보험용어의 평균 점수는 63.39점, 보험상품의 평균 점수는 52.37점, 보험가입 단계의 평균 점수는 57.50점으로 나타나 보험소비자들은 보험용어에 대한 지식수준은 높지만, 보험상품에 대한 지식수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 보험가입 단계별 지식은 해지․부활(60.12점)>보험가입(58.30점)>계약종료(56.00점)>계약기간(55.49점)의 순으로 나타나 보험가입 단계 중 계약기간에 대한 지식이 가장 취약하였다. 3가지 하위 영역의 점수를 합하여 평균한 값인 보험소비자지식은 100점 만점에 평균 57.75점으로 중간 수준을 약간 넘는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보험소비자의 지식수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 연령이 높을수록, 직업이 경영/전문/사무직인 경우, 배우자가 있는 경우, 월평균 소득이 많을수록, 보험가입 동기가 위험관리인 경우에는 보험소비자의 지식수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

This study set out to investigate the insurance knowledge level of insured financial consumers and its influential factors and thus propose plans to increase their insurance knowledge level for efficient risk management through insurance. For this purpose, the investigator conducted an online survey with 692 financial consumers currently insured with an insurance product (hereinafter, “insurance consumers”) on February 13∼23, 2018. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the study examined the knowledge level of insurance consumers and found that they scored mean 3.80 points in insurance terms, mean 6.28 in insurance products, and mean 12.07 in the stages of purchasing insurance. Their scores were standardized in percentile ranks to assess their relative knowledge level in each subarea. The results reveal that their mean scores were 63.39, 52.37, and 57.50 in insurance terms, insurance products, and stages of purchasing insurance, respectively. The findings indicate that the insurance consumers had a high knowledge level in insurance terms and a low knowledge level in insurance products. As for the stages of purchasing insurance, their knowledge level was the highest in cancelation and revival(60.12), which was followed by purchase of insurance(58.30), termination of contract(56.00), and term of contract(55.49) in the order. These results show that they had the weakest knowledge about the term of contract in the stages of purchasing insurance. Their knowledge as insurance consumers, which was the mean of added scores across the three subareas, was mean 57.75 out of 100, which was a little bit above the middle level.Secondly, the study examined factors influencing the knowledge level of the insurance consumers and found that their knowledge level as insurance consumers was high when they were older, had an occupation in management/professional areas/office jobs, had a spouse, earned higher mean monthly income, and purchased insurance for risk management.

구강영상학 학문은 치과 임상에서 실제 이루어지는 방사선 촬영법을 학부과정에서 이론과 실습을 토대로 교육하는 학문이다. 따라서 방사선 원자력법에서 방사선 안전교육을 필수로 수료한 자에 한하여 실습수업을 하도 록 규정하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 치위생학과 전 학년을 대상으로 원자력안전법 교육 유무에 따른 방사선 안전에 관한 지식정도와 인식도를 비교 분석하였으며 그 결과 일반적인 방사선 지식정도는 큰 차이가 없었으나 원자력 안전법 지식정도와 인식도는 구강영상학 과목을 이수한 3,4학년과 이수하지 않은 1.2학년간 유의한 차이를 나타내 었다. 따라서 원자력 안전법 교육은 구강영상학 실습을 안전하고 효율적으로 하기 위한 필수 과정이라 할 수 있으 며 나아가 치과임상 현장에서도 방사선 위험성에 대한 방어와 예방을 위해 방사선 안전에 관한 주기적인 교육 시 스템 구축이 필요하다고 사료된다.

Oral radiology is an academic discipline that educates students on radiographic techniques that are actually performed in dental clinics based on theory and practice in the undergraduate course. Therefore, the Radiation Atomic Energy Act stipulates that only those who have completed the required radiation safety education should take practical classes. In this study, the knowledge level and awareness level about radiation safety were compared and analyzed for all grades of the Department of Dental Hygiene with or without nuclear safety law education. As a result, there was no significant difference in the general radiation knowledge level. There was a significant difference between the 3rd and 4th graders who completed the course and the 1.2th grades that did not. Therefore, the nuclear safety law education is an essential process for safe and efficient oral imaging practice, and furthermore, it is considered that it is necessary to establish a periodic education system on radiation safety for defense and prevention of radiation risks in dental clinics.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide appropriate direction for triage education by investigating the knowledge level of triage in 119 EMTs before and after the triage education. Methods : The questionnaire was filled out by newly assigned 33 EMTs in the fire service academy in I metropolitan city from November 1, 2013. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. Results : The lowest knowledge level by 119 triage was the potential emergency related question, but that by case-based triage was the semi-emergency related questions. The knowledge score by case-based triage before education was 51.14 points. This was lower than knowledge score by 119 triage, that is, 75.70 points. After education, the knowledge level by 119 triage was significantly improved(p=.000). However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge level by case-based triage(p=.236). Conclusion : It is necessary to provide systematic and periodic education and training for 119 EMTs toward triage to improve triage accuracy and efficient circulation of the emergency medical service system. Especially, it is very important to provide case-based triage education for field application.

The purpose of this study is find out the correlation of level of knowledge of pre-service elementary teacher with space perception ability on 'Earth and Space' of elementary science. During the second semester of 2013, for 15 weeks, the classes were conducted for 3 hours per week and we find out knowledge Understanding degree and select terms offered by 5th grade science courses 'The solar system and the stars', 'Earth and Moon', 'change of seasons' section and measured space perception ability degree of pre-service elementary school teacher with a questionnaire. We analyzed the correlation of understanding level of knowledge in the field of astronomy of pre-service elementary school teacher with space perception ability. The results of the study are presented as follows. First, pre-service elementary school teacher showed a low level of knowledge understanding as it goes the upper grades about upper concept in 'The solar system and the stars', 'Earth and Moon', 'change of seasons' section' of astronomy area of elementary science 'Earth and space sector'. The pre-service elementary school teachers needs to acquire knowledge of astronomy area in elementary school curriculum. Second, pre-service elementary school teacher showed that there are differences individually in 'finding solid body' of sub-element of space perception ability. This shows that 'finding solid body' factor is associated with space perception ability. Third, in the section of 'The earth and the Universe' for elementary education, 'Reflection' and 'Finding solid body' which are low-level components of space perception ability were verified that have a corelationship with general grades in the astronomy conception test.

The purpose of this study was to survey the undergraduate's knowledge level of sex and sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) in order to provide basic were given to one hundred sixty students from four different university located Gyeong-Ju city. The questionnaires were collected from March to April, 2012. One hundred fifty samples were analyzed for the study(50.7% male, 49.3% female). Collected data were analyzed statistically by percentage, integer, mean, t-test with SPSS WIN 19.0 package program. The results of this study were as follows. ; The percentage of subjects that experienced sexual intercourse was 50.0%(male), 1.8%(female) and there was a difference between the gender. Knowledge of sub-items about STDs(0.66), AIDS-related knowledge(0.65), STDs prevention knowledge(0.61) showed the order. The lowest item was knowledge of anatomy physiology(0.47). Significantly higher levels of sexual knowledge items of male than female were the STDs(p=0.040), STDs prevention knowledge(p=0.004). There was significant differences in STDs prevention knowledge item with sexual experience students than no-experience students(p=0.025).