Earticle

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the distance and location of the rescuer to patient for the effective chest compressions qualities. Methods: The subjects were 42 students who earned the basic lifesaving technique and had informed consents to participate in the study from May 1 to 20 in 2013. The position of the rescuers included model-0(reference point), model-1(10 cm distance), model-2(20 cm distance), and model-kn(kneeling up). Results: The mean depth of compression was 50.6±6.6 mm in Model-0, 48.7±8.2 mm in Model-1, 44.2±10.4 mm in Model-2, and 51.8±6.0 mm in Model-kn. There were statistically significant differences between each Model(p<.001). Conclusion: The closer distance between rescuer and patient could provide more effective chest compressions. Kneeling on the bed stance provided the deeper chest compression consistently than the stool stance.

연구 목적 : 한국에서 일반인의 의한 AED의 사용 사례를 극히 드물다. 병원 전 심정지 상황에서 특히 제세동이 필요한 환자의 소생률을 높이기 위해서는 일반인에 의한 AED 사용이 요구된다. 본 연구의 목적은 AED사용에 영 향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는 것이며, 한일 비교를 통해 사회적 특성이 있는지를 확인하는 것이다. 연구 방법 : 2013년 2월 25일부터 3월 4일까지 설문 조사를 실시했다. 한국에서 517명, 일본에서 520명의 데이터 를 회수했다. 설문지를 통해 파악한 사회인구학적 요인과 AED에 관한 지식 요인이 AED사용의도에 영향을 미치는 지를 알기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시했다. 연구 결과 : 한국의 517 명의 응답자 중 220명, 42.6%만이, 그리고 일본의 520명의 응답자 중 387 명, 74.4%가 AED를 사용해 환자를 도우려는 의사를 가지고 있었다. 한국과 일본 모두 성별은 유의한 요인이었다(한국 odd ratio[OR] = 0.419, 일본 OR = 0.582). 양국 모두에서 여성은 남성에 비해 AED를 사용해 환자를 도우려고 하지 않았다. AED에 관한 지식은 양국 모두에서 가장 큰 영향을 끼치는 요인이었다. 국가 간의 차가 있었던 요인은 우 선 연령이었다. 연령 요인이 한국에서는 유의하지 않았지만 일본에서는 젊을수록 AED 사용의사가 높았다(OR = 0.968). 또한 일본에서는 심장병력이 유의한 요인(OR=2.099)이었다. 결 론: 본 연구는 AED사용의도에 가장 큰 영향을 끼치는 요인이 AED에 관한 지식임을 밝혔다. 따라서, 병원 전 심정지 상황에서 제세동을 장려하기 위해서는 AED 설치와 함께 사회적 요인을 반영한 교육 프로그램이 필요하다.

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors influencing using AED use in South Korea and Japan. Methods : I conducted a questionnaire survey from February 25 to March 4, 2013, receiving responses from 517 people in Korea and 520 people in Japan. The questionnaire included sociodemographic factors, history of heart disease, AED knowledge, and other variables. A logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results : Among the 517 Korean respondents, 220 (42.6%) intended to use AEDs. Among the 520 Japanese respondents, 384 (74.4%) had similar intentions. Multiple logistic regression analysis found the following significant predictors of intent to use AEDs: gender (odds ratio [OR]=0.419), household income (OR=0.991), and AED knowledge (OR=2.833) in Korea; and gender (OR=0.582), age (OR= 0.968), cardiac disease history (OR=2.099), and AED knowledge (OR=2.984) in Japan. Conclusion : It would be helpful to teach AED use to encourage performing public access defibrillation. In addition, it is necessary to design AED education programs based on country-specific factors.

Purpose : The purpose of the study is investigate the images towards emergency medical technician(EMT) perceived by secondary school teachers. Methods : The data was collected from July 30 to 31, 2012. The subjects were 337 secondary school teachers. SPSS Statistics 18.0 was used for internal consistency reliability, descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis. Results : Those who contacted with EMT consisted of 57.6% which was higher than those who had not(42.4%). Before contact, the gender and teaching subject showed a significant difference of p=.027 and p=.002, respectively. The average on the image towards EMT showed a positive points of 5.68(±0.73) out of 7 and the most positive image was ‘practical-theoretical’ of 6.33(±1.12). Factor analysis of EMT image was analyzed based on 3 factors including sincerity(5.89±0.89), professionalism(6.02±0.89) and familia‐rity(4.51±1.42) (p<.000). The degree of familiarity showed significant differences in gender(pmajoring(teaching subjects) (p=.049) and prior contact(p=.020). Conclusion : In conclusion, previous contact and recognition towards EMT could make good image making in secondary school teachers by getting well-organized promotions and professional services. This contact will make a good future counseling to the students who want to be EMTs.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide appropriate direction for triage education by investigating the knowledge level of triage in 119 EMTs before and after the triage education. Methods : The questionnaire was filled out by newly assigned 33 EMTs in the fire service academy in I metropolitan city from November 1, 2013. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. Results : The lowest knowledge level by 119 triage was the potential emergency related question, but that by case-based triage was the semi-emergency related questions. The knowledge score by case-based triage before education was 51.14 points. This was lower than knowledge score by 119 triage, that is, 75.70 points. After education, the knowledge level by 119 triage was significantly improved(p=.000). However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge level by case-based triage(p=.236). Conclusion : It is necessary to provide systematic and periodic education and training for 119 EMTs toward triage to improve triage accuracy and efficient circulation of the emergency medical service system. Especially, it is very important to provide case-based triage education for field application.

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude, confidence, and experiences of community health practitioner(CHP) regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Methods : The subjects were 333 CHP in G Province, C Province, and I Metropolitan City. A structured self- reported questionnaire was filled out by 209 participants from July 29, 2013 to September 30, 2013. Results : Confidence level toward CPR was intermediate, and knowledge and attitude level was very low. Seventeen participants performed CPR to cardiac arrest victim. Eleven patients among 25 patients had spontaneous recovery of circulation (ROSC). So the rate was very high. Conclusion : It is necessary to perform the efficient CPR in CHP. In order to improve the positive attitude and confidence in CHP, the renewal system must maintain every two years.

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to provide the basic data for preceptorship education program development by analyzing the recognition and acceptance concerning the introduction of preceptorship to ambulance ride practice of 119 EMT-paramedics in Korea. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 157 paramedics in the fire fighters from December 21, 2013 to February 12, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results : Most of the subjects answered the positive choice and were very interested in the introduction of preceptorship in the prehospital settings. Mean of preceptorship acceptance level was 3.64 points in 5 points Likert scale and 75.4% of the subjects were able to explain the preceptorship. 57.4% of the subjects considered that preceptorship was an effective training method. Conclusion : Most of the subjects agreed that the preceptorship is very important to the education of paramedic students. The preceptorship education program development will be the basis of ambulance ride practice.

연구 목적 : 우리나라는 인도주의적 차원에서 국제구조대와 한국재난대응팀을 파견하고 있으며 이는 공적개발원조 의 하나인 해외긴급구호활동에 해당하는 것으로 주로 소방대원과 의료인들이 활동하고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 글 로벌 재난 역량 개발 프로그램이 응급구조과와 간호학과 학생들에게 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴보고 이를 통해 서 추후 학부교육에 대한 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 본 프로그램은 ICN에서 제시한 "재난간호역량체계"를 기본 틀로 4개 영역 10개 도메인으로 역량을 구분 하여 프로그램을 설계하였다. 프로그램은 2013년 8월 12일부터 23일까지 2주간 사례학습, 토론, 전문가 특강, 태국 카렌지역 현지방문 등 다양한 방식으로 운영되었으며 참석학생은 총 18명이었다. 프로그램에 대한 만족도는 5점 척도로 측정하였고, 국제재난역량 지식수준은 10점 척도로 측정하여 프로그램 전후 지식수준을 비교분석하였다. 그 외 심층 인터뷰를 진행하여 재난에 대한 학생들의 태도 변화를 보았다. 연구 결과 : 프로그램 만족도는 4.50±0.51로 매우 높았으며 국제재난관련 지식의 변화는 전체 항목 평균 2.18±0.68 에서 6.30±0.84로 상승하였다(p<.001). 그 외 프로그램의 신청 동기는 다중응답으로 다양한 경험을 쌓기 원해서(14명), 해외봉사에 대한 관심(11명), 국제기구에 대한 관심(7명) 등으로 조사되었다. 결 론 : 첫째, 응급구조과와 간호학과 학부 교육과정에서 국제재난에 대한 이해를 증진할 수 있는 교과목이 개설되 거나 기존의 유사한 과목에서 글로벌 환경에 대한 조기 이해가 선행되도록 하여 국제사회에 진출하고자 하는 학생 들에게 다양한 진로를 제시해 주어야 한다. 둘째, 국제재난관리에 대한 교육은 학습효과를 증진하기 위해서 시물레이션 학습 또는 재난현장을 방문한 현장학 습 등 다양한 방법의 적용이 고려되어야 국제사회 및 문화에 대한 이해도모와 태도변화 그리고 어학 학습의 중요성 을 자각하게 할 수 있다. 셋째, 학부 단계에서 국제재난교육을 통해서 이해를 도모하고 진로와 관련한 다양한 정보습득 및 참여기회가 증진 되도록 하여 졸업 후 실무에 적용이 가능하도록 교육하는 것이 필요하다.

Purpose : This study assessed the improvement of competency levels for participants, as well as their satisfaction from completion of the special international disaster response program. Methods : The program structure followed an intensive two-week course that included a combination of lectures, discussions, case studies, and field trips. "ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies” was used for designing the program. A pre-post survey was done to measure the change in the competencies of students and assess their satisfaction after finishing the program. Focus group interviews were also performed to further understand the attitudes of participants toward the disaster issues. Results : The overall pre-program test score for disaster competency was 2.18±0.68 and the post-program test score was 6.30±0.84, which showed statistically significant gains in all competency items (p<.001).The general satisfaction of participants with the program was quite high, demonstrated by a mean score of 4.5± 0.51. The benefits for students from program participation included increased knowledge and better understanding of the important roles of international organizations and NGOs. Conclusion : The international disaster education programs are necessary to provide an opportunity for students to increase their disaster competency. In addition, future development of a unified educational competency framework is also necessary.

Purpose : This study was attempted to check the correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention and to provide the basic information to increase job satisfaction of fire fighters. Methods : A total of 369 questionnaires were distributed and 354 questionnaires were filled out and collected for analysis. Results : There was difference in turnover intention by general characteristics. According to position, group of Fire lieutenant or more is lower than that of Fire sergeant or less (F=3.61, p=.014). The group of rescue & emergency service and administration was significantly lower than other groups(F=4.84, p=.001). In pattern of duties, day service group was significantly lower than shift work group in .05 level(t=2.59, p=.022). Finally, in the correlation, the more job satisfaction increase, the more turnover intention decrease that represents inverse correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention(r=-.523, p<.001). Namely, it represents the results that the higher job satisfaction is low turnover intention. Conclusion : More studies of fire officer in other cities are required to generalize the results. We have to develop program for job satisfaction for fire officer firstly, because program for job satisfaction used in this study was not developed for fire fighters.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using a digital sensor device during CPR by analyzing the results from that chest compressions with a digital sensor device are applied to cardiac arrest patients. Methods : This study analyzed the results from the experiment that 42 people were selected randomly among Korean 119 rescuers, and they divided into the experimental group using a digital sensor device and the control group only using their hands, then they had been observed to conduct chest- compressions to mannequins for 10 minutes. Results : The results were found that compression depth in both the control and experimental group was gradually decreased over time, but the experimental group not only kept the depth but also maintained the speed of chest-compressions close to 100 times a minute. In addition, due to the use of the digital sensor device, the insufficient recoil ratio of chest-compressions was significantly reduced. Conclusion : The results show that conducting chest-compressions with a digital sensor device keeps the compression-death, maintains the speed of chest-compression properly and makes the insufficient relaxation ratio of chest-compressions reduce significantly.