Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 학교상담 맥락에 적합한 사례개념화 구성요소를 도출하고, 이를 토대로 학 교상담 장면에서 활용 가능한 사례개념화 기반 개입모형을 개발하며, 그 타당성과 현장 적용 가능성을 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 국내외 상담․임상․교육심리 및 학교상담 관련 문헌 을 분석하여 핵심 요소를 추출하고, 델파이 기법을 활용한 전문가 타당화와 모의 적용 및 현 장 평가 절차를 실시하였다. 선행연구 분석을 통해 152개의 요소를 도출한 뒤 예비 분류로 76개 요소로 축약하였고, 두 차례의 델파이 조사 결과 최종적으로 ‘학생이해, 문제사정, 상담 목표 설정, 개입전략 수립, 평가 및 재개념화’의 5개 상위유목과 21개 하위요소로 구성된 목 록이 확정되었다. 모든 하위요소는 CVR .73 이상, 상위유목은 평균 평정치 4.50점 이상, 평정 자 간 일치도는 ICC .872로 높은 타당도가 확인되었다. 이어 초․중․고 상담교사 및 학교상 담사를 대상으로 한 자유형․구성요소 기반 작성 비교에서 구성요소 기반 사례개념화가 사 례이해의 구체성, 상담목표의 명료성, 개입전략의 실용성, 기록의 체계성을 모두 향상시켰으 며 Cohen’s κ 역시 ‘보통 이상의 일치도’ 수준을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 본 연구의 사례개념 화 기반 개입모형이 학교상담 기록의 표준화, 협력적 개입, 과정평가 및 재개념화 강화, 교육 데이터-상담데이터 통합 등 근거기반 학교상담체계 구축에 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study aimed to identify case conceptualization components appropriate for school counseling, develop a case conceptualization-based intervention model applicable to school settings, and examine its validity and field applicability. To this end, relevant domestic and international literature in counseling, clinical psychology, educational psychology, and school counseling was analyzed to extract key components, followed by expert validation using the Delphi technique and simulation-based field evaluation. An initial pool of 152 elements covering major school counseling domains—such as school violence, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and academic maladjustment—was generated and reduced to 76 elements through preliminary classification. Two rounds of Delphi review by 12 experts in school counseling and counseling/clinical psychology yielded a final list of six higher-order domains and 21 subcomponents: student understanding, problem assessment, goal setting, intervention planning, and evaluation and reconceptualization. All subcomponents demonstrated content validity ratios (CVR) of .73 or higher, with higher-order domains rated above 4.50 on average and inter-rater reliability (ICC) reaching .872, indicating high content validity. A comparative analysis of free-form versus component-based case conceptualizations written by five school counselors and counseling specialists (elementary, middle, and high schools) showed that the component-based format improved specificity in case understanding, clarity of goals, practicality of intervention strategies, and coherence of documentation. Expert ratings also indicated moderate agreement (Cohen’s κ ≈ .47-.50). These findings suggest that the proposed case conceptualization-based intervention model contributes to standardized school counseling documentation, collaborative intervention among teachers, parents, and community resources, strengthened process evaluation and reconceptualization, and the integration of educational and counseling data to support evidence-based school counseling systems.

본 연구에서는 새마을ㆍ무궁화 열차의 주요 5개노선(경부선, 호남선, 전라선, 장항선, 중앙선)의 단기수송수요의 예측 모형 선정방안을 제시하고 유용성을 확인하기 위한 검증결과를 제시하였다. 분석을 위해 계절별 특성이 반영된 SARIMA 모형을 이용하였으며, 주중/주말 통행 특성 및 대체근무제 등과 같은 공휴일 특성을 반영하고자 각 노선별 주 중/주말 일평균 모형을 각각 구축하였다. 또한 모형의 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 EXPO 개최, 새로운 노선의 개통 등 노선 별 개입요소를 고려하여 수송수요의 예측모형에 반영하였으며 모형 예측력의 검증을 통해 정도 높은 모형을 구축하였 음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 모형은 열차 노선별 단기운행계획 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것 으로 기대된다.

This study is a fundamental research to suggest a forecasting model for short-term railway passenger demand focusing on major lines (Gyeungbu, Honam, Jeonla, Janghang, Jungang) of Saemaeul rail and Mugunghwa rail. Also the author tried to verify the potential application of the proposed models. For this study, SARIMA model considering characteristics of seasonal trip is basically used, and daily mean forecasting models are independently constructed depending on weekday/weekend in order to consider characteristics of weekday/weekend trip and a legal holiday trip. Furthermore, intervention events having an impact on using the train such as introduction of new lines or EXPO are reflected in the model to increase reliability of the model. Finally, proposed models are confirmed to have high accuracy and reliability by verifying predictability of models. The proposed models of this research will be expected to utilize for establishing a plan for short-term operation of lines.

The purpose of this study is like below. First, research examples of sister cities relationship which being used on tourism industry and find possibility to flouring tourism. Second, based on the example of the sister cities relationship between Jeonju city and Kanajawa city, I have researched exchange activities and effects on the sight of tourism. Third, in this measurement result, the sister cities relationship and international exchange is significant and it should be emphasized. To reach to the goal of this study, I researched the intention and effort of Japanese local government agencies utilizing sister cities relationship in tourism based on the year 2005 report from the ministry of land, infrastructure and transport in Japan and measured the effect of cities in sister cities relationship by the number of tourists in Jeonju city in Korea and Kanajawa city in Japan. By the result, city mutual agreement has not affected to the number of tourist. That means international exchanges did not bring the positive result for tourism industry. This result shows that most of local government agencies don’t have enough willing and effort to relate international exchanges to tourism industry. According to the report from the ministry of land, infrastructure and transport in Japan, lots of local government agencies are willing to utilize international exchanges on tourism industry. The international exchange should not be used for only exchange. It should be used by many different kinds of industries and it is required many efforts. For further studies, I’ll add the quality evaluation of sisterhood relationship and it will make more detail and more objective. And it will be used and make elevation for advanced international exchanges.

To evolve a management plan for rheumatoid arthritis, it is necessary to understand the patient's symptom experience and disablement process. This paper aims to introduce and critique two models as a conceptual foundation from which to construct a new model for arthritis care. A Disability Intervention Model for Older Adults with Arthritis includes three interrelated concepts of symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and symptom outcomes that correspond to the Theory of Symptom Management. These main concepts influence or are influenced by contextual factors that are situated within the domains of person, environment, and health/illness. It accepts the bidirectional, complex, dynamic interactions among all components within the model representing the comprehensive aspects of the disablement process and its interventions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis. In spite of some limitations such as confusion or complexity within the model, the Disability Intervention Model for Older Adults with Arthritis has strengths in that it encompasses the majority of the concepts of the twomodels, attempts to compensate for the limitations of the two models, and aims to understand the impact of rheumatoid arthritis on a patient's physical, cognitive, and emotional health status, socioeconomic status, and well-being. Therefore, it can be utilized as a guiding theoretical framework for arthritis care and research to improve the functional status of older adults with rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: The transtheoretical model (TTM) was used to provide tailored nursing for lifestyle management such as diet, physical activity, and smoking cessation. The present study aims to assess the provision of intervention delivery methods, intervention elements, and stage-matched interventions, in order to identify ways in which information technology is used in the TTM-based research. Methods: The relevant literature was selected by two researchers using inclusion criteria after searching for “TTM (transtheoretical or stage of change)” and “nursing” from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. The selected studies were categorized in terms of study characteristics, intervention delivery method, intervention element, and use and level of stage-matched intervention. Results: A total of 35 studies were selected including eight studies that used information communication technology (ICT). Nine different intervention delivery methods were used, of which “face-to-face” was the most common at 24 times. Of the 35 studies, 26 provided stage-matched interventions. Seven different intervention elements were used, of which “counseling” was the most common at 27 times. Of all the intervention elements, tailored feedback used ICT the most at seven instances out of nine, and there was a significant difference in the rate of ICT usage among intervention elements. Conclusions: ICT is not yet actively used in the TTM-based nursing interventions. Stage-matched interventions and TTM concepts were shown to be in partial use also in the TTM-based interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a variety of ways to use ICT in tailored nursing interventions and to use TTM frameworks and concepts.

Purpose: To examine the effects of a spousal participation health promotion program (health promotion program, HPP) based on Cox’s Interaction Model of supporting husbands’ health behavior compliance following a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 52 participants (26 in each group) completed the study. The researchers conducted pretest and posttest at 12-week intervals on 26 control groups. Those in the 26 experimental groups attended in the entire 12-week program with pretest and posttest. Also, 10 control groups who wished to receive the intervention were given the opportunity to participate in the HPP for 3 weeks and were provided with the materials used from weeks 4 through 12 after completion of the study. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and a Wilcoxon signed rank test were conducted. Results: Spousal participation HPP was effective in promoting participants’ marital compatibility and health behavior compliance. Conclusion: Spousal participation HPP was an effective intervention for reducing body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein, enhancing marital harmony, and promoting health behavior compliance among middle-aged and older men who underwent PCI. Therefore, it is recommended to actively utilize the spousal participation HPP as an effective intervention strategy for health management of this population.

Purpose: This study systematically reviewed research on behavioral interventions based on theinformation-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model to investigate specific intervention strategies thatfocus on information, motivation, and behavioral skills and to evaluate their effectiveness for people withchronic diseases. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of both the NationalEvidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency and Im and Chang. A literature search was conductedusing electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials that tested behavioral interventions based onthe IMB model for promoting health behaviors among people with chronic diseases were included. Fourinvestigators independently reviewed the studies and assessed the quality of each study. A narrativesynthesis was used. Results: A total of 12 studies were included in the review.Nine studies investigated patients with HIV/AIDS. The most frequently used intervention strategies were instructional pamphlets for the informationconstruct, motivational interviewing techniques for the motivation construct, and instruction or roleplaying for the behavioral skills construct. Ten studies reported significant behavior changes at the firstpost-intervention assessment. Conclusion: This review indicates the potential strength of the IMB model as a theoretical framework todevelop behavioral interventions. The specific integration strategies delineated for each construct of themodel can be utilized to design model-based interventions.

Purpose Pediatric cancer is a serious problem and still becomes a global challenge today. Various complex stressors due to diagnosis, disease symptoms, and various side-effects from the treatment that children with cancer undergo will cause problems in the child's psychoneuroimmunological aspects. Psychological interventions designed to modulate the stress response include psychoneuroimmunological markers. Unfortunately, there is little evidence to support the effect of psychological interventions on psychoneuroimmunological markers. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions on psychoneuroimmunological markers in children with cancer and to provide a new integrative model for further research. Methods This systematic review uses four main databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest). The guideline used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Selecting articles used the Rayyan application. The quality study was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)'s critical appraisal tools. The data were analyzed using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICO) Synthesis based on similarities and differences in study characteristics to interpret the results. Results The search results in this systematic review found 1653 articles, 21 of which matched the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the designs used were randomized controlled trials (57.1%). Massage therapy was the most common type of psychological intervention (14.2%). Almost half of the studies measured psychological responses (38.0%), and psycho-physiological responses (42.9%), and only a small proportion assessed the effectiveness of psychological interventions on neuroimmunological markers in pediatric cancer. Conclusions We recommend the use of psychological interventions as an additional intervention in managing psychoneuroimmunological markers of pediatric cancer. This study offers a new integrative model demonstrating the interaction between stress and psychological intervention involving neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms. However, future researchers need to test all domains of these new integrative models. This will reveal the complex interactions among these components and understand their relevance to health outcomes.

While the literature includes an abundance of descriptive reports on health care delivery models, a dearth of information exists on the evaluation of the models. In addressing that need, this paper examines the Sickness Prevention Achieved through Regional Collaboration (SPARC) model that was customized for Fulton County, Georgia. The model centers on an innovative and collaborative approach in addressing health disparities. With the information available to us, our goal was to assess the implementation and evaluation of the intervention – the latter centering on whether or not the program’s implied intent (sickness prevention) was actually achieved. Much effort was made toward that end, but although there is convincing evidence for the effectiveness of grouped interventions, the CDC’s report on Community Guide to Preventive Services, which informs direction and resources for “evidence-based” community interventions, has not yet evaluated models of delivery that provide multiple interventions. Evidence exists in this, and other similar programs, for services provided which are intended to achieve sickness prevention (the obvious intent of SPARC). We examine the goals, implementation and, using Pressman and Wildavsky’s model on program implementation, the methodological aspects of SPARC-Fulton County and provide an assessment on data and summary information which is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such programs.

The present systematic review identified seven studies that have evaluated the SCERTS model as an intervention for a total of 455 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The articles were summarized in terms of study design, participant characteristics, intervention procedures, outcomes, and methodological rigor. Most studies reported positive child and implementer outcomes. The included articles were group and single case-design, but nearly half of the studies were rated as weak in terms of methodological rigor. We conclude that the SCERTS model is a potentially promising intervention but further high-quality studies are required to demonstrate its effectiveness.

1980년 이후 가정폭력은 미국의 전문가들뿐만 아니라 일반시민의 관심을 집중시켰다. 가정폭력은 사회 속에서 깊숙이 침투해 있지만, 사회적 정책과 인식이 그의 심각성을 각인시키기에는 부족한 범죄현상으로 인식된다. 가정폭력은 그것이 어떠한 형태이든지 상당히 위험하다. 현재 연구에 따르면 미국의 3백만 가구들이 적어도 일년에 한번 이상 가정폭력을 경험한다. 인구통계조사에 따르면 전체 기혼 여성, 혹은 동거중인 여성의 4% 이상이 물리적인 폭력을 배우자로부터 겪고 있다고 한다. 그렇지만 최근 그 가정폭력의 희생자 수는 점점 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이 연구의 목적은 가장 활발하게 가정폭력 정책을 펴고 있는 미국의 가정폭력 정책에 대한 정보를 제공하고, 현재까지 진행되고 있는 미국의 아내구타 억제 프로그램에 대한 효율성을 검토해 보고자 한다. 현재 미국에서 선택하여 사용하고 있는 여러 치료모델 중, 인지행동모델(cognitive behavioral model) 과 Duluth 모델을 중점적으로 검토하였다. 인지행동모델은 샌디에고에서 행해진 해군 대상 실험 및 Gondolf의 비교분석을 검토하였고, Duluth 모델은 플로리다와 뉴욕에서 행해진 치료프로그램의 효과성을 비교하였다. 검토 결과 두 모델에 기반한 가정폭력프로그램은 가해자 행동치료에 큰 효과를 거두지 못하고 있다. 각 프로그램 평가 방식에 대한 한계점도 지적되지만, 미국내 가정폭력 치료 프로그램 운영방식에 있어 경찰의 대응방식 및 다국어 제공의 미비와 같은 제도적 문제도 지적된다. 한국내 가정폭력 프로그램의 개발을 위해 적절한 모델의 차용 및 통합 뿐만아니라 미국이 경험하고 있는 다문화 가정을 위한 다양한 문화적 교육 및 언어의 제공역시 고려되어야 할 것이다.

Since the early 1980s, the issues of domestic violence have become an increasing focus of attention for professionals and the general public. Domestic violence is described as a problem embedded in the fabric of society and the change in social policy would be necessary in developing a solution. It is estimated that approximately three million American household experience at least one domestic violence episode each year. Domestic violence in any form is very dangerous. Moreover, domestic violence is a widespread crime that has devastating social and public health cost. Population surveys suggested that about 4% of married and cohabiting women in the U.S. experience serious physical violence from a male partner each year. However, the number of victim battered has increased continually in recent years. The purpose of this study was to provide information about the domestic violence and to review efficacy of current batterer intervention system in the U.S.. In specific, among various programs, mainly, this paper compared effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral model and Duluth model using a literature review. The result of the studies failed to find the significant treatment effect of batterer intervention programs in the U.S. In addition, It could not avoid the limitations on research method of each study. However, it had problems such as no measurement of police attitude and lack of education for racial(cultural) minority in the U.S. For a development for treatment program of partner batterers in Korea, these missing voice which failed to reflect in the U.S. should be considered in the near future. The implications of the current research on policy are also discussed.

The purpose of this study is to anticipate the air travel demands over the period of 164 months, from January 1997 to August 2010 using ARIMA-Intervention modeling on the selected sample data. The sample data is composed of the number of the passengers who in the domestic route for Jeju route. In the analysis work of this study, the past events which are assumed to have affected the demands for the air travel routes to Jeju in different periods were used as the intervention variables. The impacts of such variables were reflected in the presupposed demand. The intervention variables used in this study are, respectively, the World Cup event in 2002 (from May to June), 2003 SARS outbreak (from April to May), Tsunami in January 2005, and the influenza outbreak from October to December 2009. The result of the above mentioned analysis revealed that the negative intervention events, like a global outbreak of an epidemic did have negative impact on the air travel demands in a risk aversion by the users of the aviation services. However, in case of the negative intervention events in limited area, where there are possible substituting destinations for the tourists, the impact was positive in terms of the air travel demands for substituting destinations due to the rational expectation of the users as they searched for other options. Also in this study, it was discovered that there is not a binding correlation between a nation wide mega-event, such as the World Cup games in 2002, and the increased air travel demands over a short-term period.

This study is a case report to investigate effects of MOHO based occupational therapy intervention on the occupation of a patient with SCI. The subject is a 36-year-old woman with C6 incomplete SCI. The RIC splint and the fishing splint were provided to improve the level of satisfaction and performance in ADL and leisure. The investigator measured performance, satisfaction, competence and value of the occupation by the COPM and the OSA. As result, The level of performance, satisfaction, competence and value increased. In conclusion, MOHO approach in occupational therapy gives the possibility to promote the occupational performance and satisfaction in people with SCI.

Purpose: This study aims to systematically clarify and enhance the understanding of osteoporosis prevention interventions based on Health Belief Model (HBM). The analysis includes HBM constructs, intervention characteristics, and outcomes from prior studies. Methods: We extensively searched eight electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed studies that implemented HBM-based interventions for osteoporosis prevention until June 2023. Results: Initially, 638 articles were identified, and after a rigorous evaluation process, 11 articles were included in the evidence synthesis. The analysis revealed that HBM-based interventions significantly improved likelihood of taking action including knowledge, HBM constructs and adopting preventive behaviors such as calcium intake and exercise. However, most interventions included in this study did not fully encompass all five HBM constructs or specify the particular components adopted. Conclusion: There is a need for additional research and intervention refinement for a more comprehensive understanding of osteoporosis preventive interventions. This should involve a concerted effort to incorporate all HBM constructs into the context of osteoporosis prevention. Thus, more effective interventions promoting optimal preventive behaviors and reducing the burden of osteoporosis can be developed.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined biofeedback and brief emotion regulation (C-BABER) program for sexually abused adolescents. Methods: This study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants included 26 sexually abused adolescents from eight Sunflower Centers of South Korea-with 13 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. The experimental group received four sessions of the individual C-BABER program, each lasting 60 minutes. Results: Compared with the control group, sexually abused adolescents in the experimental group exhibited significant score differences in traumatic symptoms, including depression (Z = - 2.24, p = .025), dissociation (Z = - 2.21, p = .027), anxiety (Z = - 2.02, p = .044), and posttraumatic stress (Z = - 2.01 p = .045); and impulsivity, including positive urgency (Z = - 3.35, p = .001) and negative urgency (Z = - 2.28, p = .023). Additionally, the experimental group exhibited significant score differences in meta-mood, including emotional attention (Z = - 2.45, p = .014), emotional clarity (Z = - 2.30, p = .021), and emotional repair (Z = - 2.28, p = .022); and emotional regulation modes, including emotional suppression (Z = - 2.65, p = .008) and cognitive reappraisal (Z = - 1.98, p = .047). Regarding bio-attention, significant changes were identified in the experimental group for the bio-attention rate and attention maintenance time in the posttest compared to the pretest (p = .001). Conclusion: The C-BABER program for sexually abused adolescents is effective in decreasing traumatic symptoms and impulsivity, and in improving meta-mood, emotional regulation mode, and bio-attention. Therefore, we recommend providing sexually abused adolescents the C-BABER program to help them regulate their emotions and effectively adapt to their lives.

생성형 인공지능은 최근에 등장한 기술이지만 강력한 분석 기능과 텍스트 및 이미지 생성 능력을 바탕으로 주목받고 있다. 현재 문화예술, 교육, 의학 등 다양한 분야에서 광범위적으로 활용하고 있다. 심리치료 특히 미술치료 분야에서 생성형 인공지능을 활용하여 사용자의 그림을 인공지능 시스템을 통해 인식·분석하고 이를 바탕으로 텍스트 형태의 심리 평가 보고서를 생성하는 방식이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 인공지능이 개입하는 미술치료의 방식과 형태 또한 점차 변화를 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 중국의 ‘안심(安心)AI’ 그림 심리 평가 시스템을 대상으로 시스템의 구조와 작동 과정을 분석하고 이를 통해 생성형 인공지능의 미술치료 개입 모델을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 해당 시스템의 인공지능 개입 모델은 ‘이미지 인식 → 데이터 분석 → 피드백 생성’의 단계로 정리될 수 있었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 기존 모델의 한계를 보완하기 위해 상호작용 단계와 치료 목적의 ‘그림 작성 유도’ 단계를 추가한 새로운 개입 모델을 제안하였다. 한편, 인공지능 기반 미술치료의 한계점과 향후 과제는 다음과 같이 도출되었다. 첫째, 본 연구는 연구자 본인의 그림 1점에 의존한 단일 사례 연구로서 통계적 신뢰도와 임상적 유효성 검증에 한계가 있으며, 향후 대규모 무작위 대조군 연구(RCT)를 통한 실증적 교차 검증이 필수적이다. 둘째, 알고리즘 편향성 방지를 위한 ‘인간 중심 개입(Human- in-the-Loop)’ 원칙 확립과 결과 해석에 대한 명확한 법적 책임 소재 규명이 요구된다. 셋째, 민감정보를 다루는 심리 서비스 특성에 부합하는 구체적인 데이터 거버넌스와 법적·제도적 기반 정비가 시급하다.

Generative AI has attracted significant attention recently. It is currently being widely applied across various fields, including culture and the arts, education, and medicine. In the field of art therapy—generative AI is increasingly used to recognize and analyze users’ drawings, based on this analysis, generate psychological assessment reports in textual form. Accordingly, the methods and forms of art therapy involving AI are also undergoing gradual transformation. This study takes China’s “Anxin AI” drawing-based psychological assessment system as its subject, analyzing its structure and operational process in order to derive an intervention model for generative AI in art therapy. The results indicate that the system’s AI intervention model can be summarized into three stages: “image recognition → data analysis → feedback generation.” In addition, to address the limitations of existing models, this study proposes a new intervention model that incorporates an interaction stage as well as a “guided drawing” stage aimed at therapeutic purposes. Meanwhile, this study identifies the limitations and future tasks of AI-based art therapy as follows. First, as an exploratory study relying on a single case and one drawing, it has limitations in statistical reliability and clinical validity, necessitating future empirical verification through large-scale Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT). Second, from an AI ethics perspective, establishing a ‘Human-in-the-Loop’ principle to prevent algorithmic bias and clearly defining legal accountability for analytical results are strongly required. Third, specific data governance and legal/institutional frameworks tailored for psychological services handling sensitive information must be comprehensively established.

라이프스타일-형성 모델(Lifestyle-DEPER [Decision, Execution, Personal Factor, Environment, Resources])은 라이프스타일이 어떻게 형성되는지를 설명해 준다. 라이프스타일은 결정, 실행, 습관화 단계를 거쳐 형성된다. 결정 단계는 무엇을 할 것인가를 결정하는 단계이고, 실행 단계는 실제로 활동과 작업을 수행하는 단계이다. 두 단계가 지속적으로 반복되는 것을 습관화라고 한다. 라이프스타일 형성 단계에 영향을 주는 요소들은 환경, 자원, 개인적 요소로 구분된다. 환경은 우리 주변을 둘러싸고 있는 것으로 사회적 환경, 물리적 환경, 문화적 환경, 가상적 환경이 포함된다. 자원은 개인이 가지고 있는 것으로 건강적 자원, 시간적 자원, 경제적 자원, 사회적 자원 등으로 분류된다. 개인적 요소는 역량, 욕구, 가치가 포함된다. 역량은 할 수 있는 능력, 욕구는 현재 상태와 원하는 상태의 차이, 가치는 개인이 중요하다고 생각되는 것을 뜻한다. 라이프스타일의 형성 단계에서 환경, 자원, 개인적 요소는 각 단계별로 서로간에 영향을 준다. 이러한 전반적 과정을 흔드는 것을 사건이라고 하며, 개인적 사회적 사건을 모두 포함한다. 건강과 관련된 라이프스타일 요소는 신체활동, 식습관, 사회관계, 활동 참여이며, 이것들이 라이프스타일 중재의 목표이다. Lifestyle-DEPER 모델을 기반으로 한 중재 전략 KEEP (지식, 경험, 평가, 계획[Knowledge, Evaluation, Experience, Plan])은 라이프스타일 형성 단계와 영향 요소들을 다면적으로 고려한 건강을 위한 중재 전략이다. 본 문헌을 통해 Lifestyle-DEPER 모델을 소개하고, 건강을 위한 라이프스타일 중재 전략(KEEP)을 제시하였다. 추후 연구를 통해 Lifestyle-DEPER 모델과 KEEP 전략은 타당성과 적용 가능성에 대한 검증이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The Lifestyle-DEPER (Decision, Execution, Personal Factors, Environment, Resources) model explains lifestyle formation. Lifestyles are shaped through the decision, execution, and habituation stages. Factors influencing the establishment of a lifestyle are categorized as environmental, resource, and personal. The environment encompasses our surroundings and social, physical, cultural, and virtual environments. Resources refer to what individuals possess, such as health, time, economic, and social resources. Personal factors include competencies, needs, and values. At the lifestyle establishment stage, each of these factors influences a different stage. These collective processes are referred to as events, encompassing both personal and social events. Health-related lifestyle factors include physical activity, nutrition, social relationships, and occupational participation. These are the goals of lifestyle intervention. The intervention strategy based on the Lifestyle-DEPER model, called KEEP (Knowledge, Evaluation, Experience, Plan), is a comprehensive approach to promoting a healthy lifestyle by considering lifestyle formation stages and their influencing factors. This study introduces the Lifestyle-DEPER model and presents a lifestyle intervention strategy (KEEP) to promote health. Further research is required to validate the practicality of the model after applying interventions based on the lifestyle construction model.

본 연구의 목적은 Cloninger(1987, 2004)가 제안한 기질-성격 모형을 구성하는 기질차원과 성격차원이 심리적 적응, 성격적 강점, 그리고 전통적 성격장애와 어떻게 관련되는지를 탐색하는 것이었다. 또한 본 연구자들은 변화와 수용이라는 주제로 수렴되고 있는 심리치료의 최신동향 및 인간의 행복과 적응에 대한 긍정임상심리학적 관심사를 기질-성격 모형과 접목시킴으로써, 이 모형의 진단적 유용성을 검토하고 더 나아가서 치료적 함의를 도출하려고 시도하였다. 연구 결과, 자극추구와 위험회피 기질차원이 강할수록, 사회적 민감성과 인내력 기질차원이 약할수록, 그리고 자율성과 연대감 및 자기초월 성격차원이 미성숙할수록 심리적 적응에 전반적으로 불리하고 성격장애에 대체적으로 취약하다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한 기질차원은 특정한 성격적 강점들과 상관이 있었으며, 강약의 방향에 따라서 취약성과 탄력성을 모두 내포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로, 본 연구자들은 기질-성격 모형의 의미와 타당성, 그리고 성격의 성숙을 통한 기질의 조절이라는 주제에 대해 이론적 및 경험적으로 논의하였으며, 본 연구의 임상적 의의와 제한점에 대해서 언급하였다.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical implications of Cloninger(1987, 2004)'s temperament-character model of personality through grafting current psychotherapeutic approaches (focusing on change and acceptance) and positive psychological researches (in which examine happiness and adaptation) onto the suggested model. In order to explore the relationships temperament-character dimensions of personality with psychological adaptation, character strengths, and personality disorders, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used. We found that psychological maladaptation and personality disorders were generally related to high novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, low reward dependence, low persistence of temperament dimensions, and low self-directedness, low cooperativeness, low self-transcendence of character dimensions. Furthermore, temperament dimensions were separately related to specific character strengths and specific clusters of personality disorders. These results showed that temperament dimensions operate both vulnerable and resilient manner upon adaptation. Based on the results, the authors discussed the meaning of the temperament regulation through character maturation in theoretical and empirical manner. Finally, the limitations of this study were discussed along with suggestions for further research.

제주도의 관광 수요는 코로나19 직전까지 지속적인 성장세를 보였다. 해외 여행길 이 막히며 내국인 여행자가 제주도로 몰렸고 이는 제주도 재방문객의 증가와 더불어 제주도 내의 새로운 장소 및 체험에 대한 욕구로 이어졌다. 이는 제주도 부속 섬 여행 으로 이어지며 제주도 부속 섬의 입도객 수 또한 유의미하게 높아지고 있다. 정확한 관광 수요 예측은 제주도의 관광 정책이나 관광객 유치사업 수립을 위한 기 초 지표로 정확한 관광 수요 예측은 필수적이며 실용적인 차원에서 그 중요성이 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. 특히, 오버투어리즘의 부작용으로 제주도의 입도세 추진이 진행되 고 있는 상황에서 지속가능한 관광개발을 위해 정확한 관광 수요 예측은 시의성 측면 에서도 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 그동안 제주도 입도객을 중심으로 다양한 시계열 분석이 진행되었으나 제주도 부속 섬에 관한 시계열 연구는 다루어지지 않았다. 이 연구는 제주도 부속 섬 중 가장 면적 이 넓고, 많은 관광객이 찾는 우도를 중심으로 수요예측을 진행하였다. 계절성을 띠는 제주도의 특성과 코로나 팬데믹의 영향을 고려하여 계절형 ARIMA 개입분석을 통해 2023년부터 2025년까지의 수요를 예측하였다. 선정한 모형으로 얻은 예측 결과, 우 도의 향후 입도객 수는 2023년 1,509,065명, 2024년 1,522,078명, 2025년 1,522,731명으로 2019년에 비해 17% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 질적 성장으로의 관광패러다임 전환을 위한 정부나 제주도 지자체의 정 책 수립에 객관적인 기초 자료로써 활용되고, 관광 관련 사업체들의 마케팅 및 경영전 략 수립에도 이바지할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Until just before the COVID-19 pandemic, tourist demand in Jeju Island showed a consistent growth trend. With international travel restricted, domestic travelers flocked to Jeju Island, leading to an increase in repeat visitors and a desire for new places and experiences within Jeju. This trend extended to the sub-islands of Jeju, with a significant rise in the number of visitors. Accurate tourism demand predictions are essential for establishing tourism policies and attracting tourists, especially in the context of the current situation where the influx of visitors to Jeju is being actively promoted due to concerns about the side effects of over-tourism. Accurate tourism demand predictions are crucial from a practical perspective, emphasizing their high importance. While various time series analyses have been conducted focusing on Jeju Island visitors, there has been a lack of research on the sub-islands. This study conducted demand predictions, focusing on U-do Island, the largest sub-island with many tourists. Considering the seasonal characteristics of Jeju and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, demand was predicted from 2023 to 2025 using seasonal ARIMA intervention analysis. The selected model predicted that the number of Udo’s visitors would decrease by 17% compared to 2019, with 1,509,065 in 2023, 1,522,078 in 2024, and 1,522,731 in 2025. These objective findings can be utilized for government and Jeju local government policy-making for a qualitative shift towards tourism paradigm transition. Additionally, it can be helpful to the marketing and management strategies of tourism-related businesses.