Earticle

텍스타일 디자인은 시대의 패러다임 변화에 따라 그 영향을 받으며 지속적인 발전을 이루고 있다. 4차 산업혁명 이후 텍스타일 디자인 분야는 인공지능, 웨어러블, 3D 프린 팅, 디지털 인쇄 기술 등이 활용되고 있지만, 여전히 전통적인 텍스타일 스크린 인쇄는 텍스타일 인쇄 분야에 있어 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 특히, 최근 글로벌 텍스타일 인 쇄 시장은 섬유와 그 부자재들에 대한 친환경, 바이오, 리사이클에 대한 요구가 매년 상향되고 있으며, 유해 물질에 대한 검출 기준(MDL) 또한 매년 낮아지고 있어 친환경 제품에 대한 수요가 지속적으로 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 텍스타일 디자인 패러다임의 변화에 따라 친환경 텍스타일 인쇄잉크와 비드 부자재를 연구하여, 이를 활용 한 전통적인 친환경 스크린 인쇄 기법 및 디자인 연구를 위한 기초 자료를 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 분석하기 위해 다음의 세 가지 연구 문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 친환경 플라스티 졸 잉크와 친환경 비드와의 호환성 및 섬유인쇄 효과는 어떠한가? 둘째, 친환경 수성 잉크와 친환경 비드와의 호환성 및 섬유인쇄 효과는 어떠한가? 셋째, 친환경 실리콘 잉 크와 친환경 비드와의 호환성 및 섬유인쇄 효과는 어떠한가? 또한, 연구 문제 1∼3에서 도출된 결과를 통해 디자인 개선이 가능한가에 대한 답을 얻기 위해 문제별 내용을 비 교 검토하고 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 친환경 Non-PVC 플라스티졸과 Non-PVC 비드와의 호환성이 가장 우수 하였다. 비드와 호일의 융합 디자인도 매우 긍정적인 결과를 확인하였다. 상기 조합은 글로벌 친환경 기준에 적합하며, 현업에도 바로 적용이 가능하다. 하지만, 본 연구는 전 통적인 텍스타일 스크린 인쇄에 사용 중인 플라스티졸, 수성, 실리콘만 진행하였기에 그 한계점이 있을 수 있다. 향후 연구자는 다양한 산업분야의 적용을 위해 상기 제품 외 친환경 잉크 제품들에 대한 추가적인 검토가 필요하다고 생각한다.

Textile design has been influenced and constantly evolved by the paradigm shift of the times. Since the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the textile design field has been using AI, wearables, 3D printing and digital printing technologies, but traditional textile screen printing still occupies a large proportion of the textile screen printing field. In recent years, the global textile printing market has experienced an increasing demand for eco-friendly, bio-based and recycled textiles and their auxiliary materials, and the MDL for harmful substances has been lowered every year. The purpose of this study is to investigate eco-friendly textile printing inks and bead materials according to the changing paradigm of textile design, and to provide a basis for research on traditional eco-friendly screen printing techniques and designs using them. Three research questions were set to analyse this. Firstly, what is the compatibility and textile printing effect of eco-friendly Plastisol ink and beads? Second, what is the compatibility and textile printing effect of eco-friendly Water-based ink and beads? Thirdly, what is the compatibility and textile printing effect of eco-friendly Silicone ink and beads? To answer the above research questions, a comparative review of the three research questions was conducted. The analysis showed the best compatibility with Eco-friendly Non-PVC Plastisols and beads. The fusion design of beads and foil also confirmed very positive results. The above combination meets global environmental standards and is ready to be applied in the field. However, this study is limited to the Plastisol, Water-based and Silicone inks used in traditional textile screen printing. Future researchers should further investigate other environmentally friendly ink products for use in various industries.

텍스타일 스크린 인쇄 분야는 글로벌 고객들의 니즈에 맞춰 다양하게 성장해왔다. 이 는 잉크의 수지 유형별(solvent-based, water-based, UV-curable, silicone-based), 용도 별, 산업별, 색상 유형별 및 지역별 등 다양한 요인들에 따라 글로벌 텍스타일 스크린 인쇄 분야가 세분화하며 발전하였다. 최근 글로벌 텍스타일 스크린 인쇄 시장은 기존보다 높은 수준의 친환경 소재, 접착 력, 유연성, 내구성, 다양한 인쇄효과 등을 요구하고 있으며, 이에 가장 부합하는 실리 콘 잉크를 활용한 텍스타일 스크린 인쇄가 부각되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 의류 및 섬유 산업(스포츠웨어, 기능성 의류, 가방 등)에 적용되고 있는 친환경 실리콘 잉크를 활용한 텍스타일 전사 인쇄를 연구하여, 이를 활용한 인쇄, 전사 기법 및 디자인 연구를 위한 기초 자료를 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 분석하기 위해 두 가지 연구 문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, ‘친환경 실리콘 잉크를 이용한 배면 전사 프로세스와 전사 효과는 어떠한가?’ 둘째, ‘친환경 실리콘 잉크를 이 용한 정전사 프로세스와 전사 효과는 어떠한가?’에 대한 답을 얻기 위해 문제별 내용을 비교 검토하였다. 분석 결과, 친환경 실리콘 잉크를 활용한 배면 전사와 정전사 적용 시, 모두 우수한 텍스타일 디자인 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 상기 결과는 글로벌 시장이 요구하는 친환 경, 일반 및 특수 텍스타일 스크린 인쇄 및 전사 기준에 적합함으로 관련 산업에 적용 이 가능하다. 하지만, 본 연구는 실리콘 전사 인쇄에 대한 부분만 진행하였기에 그 한계점이 있을 수 있다. 향후 연구자는 다양한 산업 분야의 적용을 위해 잉크의 수지 유형별 및 피인 쇄체 종류에 대한 추가적인 검토가 필요하다고 생각한다.

The textile screen printing field has grown in various ways to meet the needs of global customers. The global textile screen printing field developed by subdividing according to various factors such as resin type of ink(Solvent-Based, Water-Based, UV-Curable, Silicone-Based), use, industry, color type, and region. Recently, the global textile screen printing market has been demanding higher levels of eco-friendly materials, adhesive strength, flexibility, durability, and diverse printing effects. In response to these needs, textile screen printing using silicone ink, which best aligns with these requirements, has gained prominence. The purpose of this study is to research textile transfer printing using eco-friendly silicone ink applied in the apparel and textile industries (sportswear, functional clothing, bags, etc.), and to provide basic data for studying printing and transfer techniques and design improvements. To analyze this, two research questions were established. First, What is the reverse transfer process and transfer effect using eco-friendly silicone ink? Second, What is the direct transfer process and transfer effect using eco-friendly silicone ink? These questions were compared and reviewed to draw conclusions. The analysis revealed that when using eco-friendly silicone ink for both reverse and direct transfer, excellent design effects were observed on knit. These findings align with the global market's requirements for eco-friendly, standard, and special textile screen printing and transfer standards, making them applicable to related industries. However, as this study focused solely on silicone transfer printing, it may have some limitations. Future research should consider additional evaluations based on resin types of inks and several fabrics for application across various industries.

Need color separation process to appear number of minimum printing plate waterway maximum printing color at printing process. This time, printing plate is separated three primary colors of C(cyan), M(magenta), Y(yellow). Appear all colors of printing such three primary colors. But, three primary color ink appears 100% dark gray that is not clean as chroma is neared color to 0 because is not pure. As well as, the ink area rate that is whole by over print amount increase of three primary is expanded. As a result, influence in secondary printablity set-off growth by inaccurate color reproduction and ink dry badness, trapping efficiency decline etc.. Apply ink saving method that is replaced as K ink in consisted dark color constituent because three primary colors are over print each other adding one more K(black) plate by method to improve these problem. Therefore, can reduce extension of the total ink area rate, and help in correct color appearance control. As well as, eco-friendly printing process attains improving printablity at the same time curtailment of printing expense by reducing requirement of total ink. Usually, there are UCR(under color removal) and GCR(gray component replacement) to ink saving application method. But, the practical use limit is insufficient state to tribe of technological investigation or field application about these method in domestic printing field. Therefore, in this research, ink saving been bringing by one method of eco-friendly printing confirmed that is applicable in usual domestic printing environment. Also, searched result getting in printablity by ink saving application.

This thesis attempts to study ink transition for on the polycarbonate multicalculator plate for automobile. For this study, the change of weight by screen printed ink transition on polycarbonate material by ink viscosity(be diluted ; 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%) was observed. The weight by screen printed ink is depended on amount of added solvent. We have studied change of the weight by the transition of the ink that was screen-printed on polycarbonate which is to be printed according to the viscosity of the ink (diluent: undiluted solution 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). This shows that ink transition become activated since the amount of ink(or/and the viscosity of ink) is increased.

The photosensitive properties and carrier transport in the organic photoconductor with the carrier transport layers(CTL) of polymer matrix doped with two carrier transport materials above carrier generation layer(CGL) containing oxotitanium phthalocyanine (TiOPc) were investigated. The CGL of TiOPc dispersed in poly(vinylbutyral) was formed as thickness of 0.1and the carrier transport layer was prepared by coating polycarbonate and polyester doped with oxadiazoly(OXD), polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), trinitro fluorenone(TNF) as thickness of 10~15, respectively. We have measured half decay exposure,sensitivity and xerographic gain from the photo-induced discharge curve(PIDC). In this work, it was found that the characteristics of carrier transport were mainly caused by the ionization potential difference of constitutive materials in molecularly doped polymer.

중국 수묵화는 당송시대에 가장 발달하였고, 대표적인 문화 장르 중 하나이며, 중국 수묵화를 표현하는 방 식은 여러 가지가 있다. 오늘날 게임과 애니메이션 제작기술이 발전함에 따라 기존 수묵화 표현방법을 게임 에 적용하여 표현효과를 고양하려는 시도가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 3D 게임 환경에서 중국 수묵화를 표현하는 방법에 대해 연구를 하였으며 기존 게임 엔진에서 PBR 기술을 이용하여 중국 수묵화를 표현하고 실제 게임 제작에 적용하였다. 이를 통해 중국 수묵화의 표현효과를 게임에 재현하였다.

With the development of digital contents technology, various expression technologies are used in game production. Computer games are exploding today with the spread of the Internet and mobile devices. In this paper, the traditional Chinese ink painting technique is expressed by PBR technology and applied to game production. Chinese ink painting was the most advanced in the Tang Dynasty period, and the diversity and characteristics of the expression technique were examined. PBR is a technique used in the Unreal engine and expresses Chinese ink painting technique using it. And the object of Chinese traditional ink painting technique expressed using PBR technology was applied to real game and evaluated.

본 연구는 스트레스 수준이 높은 여대생을 대상으로 한국 전통 수묵화 미술치료를 통해 스트레스 감소 과정을 살펴보는 사례연구이다. 연구대상은 A지역의 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 20세 신입학한 여대생이다. 사전-사후 검사를 제외하고 주 1회, 60분씩 총 17회기에 걸쳐 개인 수묵화 미술치료를 진행하였다. 연구자는 수묵화 미술치료 과정과 각 회기별 작품 분석하였다. 스트레스 수준을 평가하기 위해 사전, 사후 검사로 Goldberg의 심리사 회 웰빙척도와 빗속의사람검사(PITR)를 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수 묵화를 활용한 미술치료를 통해 우울 및 불안이 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 빗속의사 람검사 그림분석을 통해 스트레스가 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 끝으로 한국 전통 매체를 활용한 수묵화 미술치료의 기초자료를 제공했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study is a case study that understand the process of stress reduction through traditional Korean ink painting art therapy for female university students with high stress levels. The research subject was a 20-year-old freshman enrolled in a four-year university in A city. She received ink painting art therapy for 60 minutes once a week for 17 sessions, excluding pre- and post-tests. The researcher analyzed the Korean ink painting art therapy process and work analysis for each session. To assess stress levels, the Goldberg Psycho-social Well-Being Scale and Person-in-the-Rain(PITR) were administered as preand post-tests. The results of this study are as follows. First, depression and anxiety were reduced through art therapy using Korean ink painting. Second, stress was reduced through picture analysis of PITR. Finally, this study is significant in that it provides basic data on ink painting art therapy using traditional Korean media.

디지털 정보 기술의 급속한 발전에 따라 사람들은 점점 더 자연스럽고 편리한 방식으로 인간과 컴퓨터의 상호작용을 실현하는 경향이 있습니다. 본고에서는 Leap Motion 센서를 하드웨어 플랫폼으로 하고 Unity3D 와 Leap Motion 플러그인을 소프트웨어 플랫폼으로 하여 가상 거문고의 상호작용 설계를 개발합니다. 또한 Leap Motion 장치의 개발과 연구를 통해 Leap Motion 센서에서 수집된 제스처 정보의 처리와 인식을 알고리 즘으로 구현하고, 제스처 인식 알고리즘을 이용하여 서로 다른 제스처를 분리하여 서로 다른 응답을 가능하 게 합니다.

This article aims at the interactive expression of guqin music and landscape painting art, expounds the creativity and technical connotation of Ink-and-wash style audio-visual interactive design, conducts an art experience test and cultural identity measurement on ink-style sound-paint interaction design, and discusses ink-style sound and painting The cultural cognition and identity effect of the school space landscaping design of Interaction University. Ink-and-wash style audio-visual interactive design is an attempt of interactive creation of traditional music art and painting art in the era of new media. Feel the charm of guqin music while experiencing the art of painting. The combined audio-visual experience fully mobilizes aesthetic synesthesia. Under the background of the continuous development of digital technology, human perception and experience have also undergone subtle changes. The ink-and-wash style audio-visual interaction design is in line with human beings. The demand for sensory experience brings pleasant interactive effects to the experiencer. The interactive design of ink-and-wash sound and picture meets the communication needs of traditional culture in the age of science and technology. Ink-and-wash style audio-visual interactive design is composed of a three-dimensional scene module built by Unity3D, a virtual guqin module built by Leap motion, and a sound and picture interaction module based on spectrum visualization calculations. The interaction of the three modules combines the artistic image of traditional architecture painting and guqin music relevance is expressed interactively through intuitive audio-visual perception. The interactive creation of multiple art forms not only satisfies the interactive appeal of multi-channel perception of art, but also satisfies the intuitive expression of artistic imagery. The space architecture design of the ink-and-wash style, sound and picture interactive space has a progressive logical identity to the cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions of traditional culture. By experiencing the interactive design of ink-and-wash style sound and painting, the identity of traditional guqin and architecture painting art theory has been significantly improved, and the understanding of music imagery and architecture imagery has been inspired.

수묵화는 동방 문화에서 중요한 예술 제작 방식 중 하나이다. 수묵화는 서양화보다 현실감이 다소 떨어지는 면이 있지만, 수묵화가 가지는 특별한 화법을 포함해서 동방 문화의 전파와 발전에 크게 기여하였다. 수묵화 화법을 활용한 3D 애니메이션이나 게임 등은 수묵화에서 파생한 콘텐츠이다. 본 논문에서는 3D 수묵화 콘텐츠의 역사와 전통 적인 수묵화법 연구를 통하여 전통 수묵화 작품의 예술적 특징과 3D 수묵화 콘텐츠 제작 방법을 연구하였다. 또한 수묵화법을 활용한 디지털 콘텐츠의 확장성을 제시하였다. 모바일 게임, VR, AR 등 새로운 융합콘텐츠로서의 가능성 에 대한 연구 가치가 높다고 생각하며, 따라서 수묵화법을 활용한 다양한 영상 콘텐츠는 향후 큰 발전을 기대할 수 있다고 사료된다.

Ink painting is an important art creation method in oriental culture. Although ink painting lacks of sense of reality compared to western painting, it contains its unique drawing skills, which is of great significance to the inheritance and development of Oriental culture. Animation or game utilizing by ink painting technique are derivative contents from ink painting. This paper will through research the brief history of 3D ink contents works and traditional drawing skills to research existing ink works' art characters and the general production method. Also describe the extensibility of 3D ink animation contents. There has extremely high research value of new convergence contents as mobile game, VR / AR etc. And according to those research ink style image contents can be assumed get further development in the future.

This study takes the topic of Flowers in Vases of the exhibition ‘Pure Offerings of a Myriad Plants: Paintings on Flower Vases and Potted Scenes’ which hold by National Palace Museum, Taiwan, 2018 as main axis. The thought process and construction of the aesthetics of Meticulous Ink Painting about Flowers in Vases and its charm factors were analyzed. By understanding these charm factors, the appropriate countermeasures for the application can be taken. In this study, we applied the evaluation structure method of charm engineering, interviewed with nine high-art-involved people(five males and four females). The questionnaire survey had been created to find out the satisfactory quality. Applying Kano Model and Refined Kano Model to classify quality and the results were analyzed, we highlight the importance of each quality and suggestions for improvement. The attributes of the charm factors that affect the audience’s appreciation which also have been explored and summarized. In this study, we established the foundation of the charm factors of Meticulous Ink Painting about Flowers in Vases which can be used as a reference for painting or product design.

본 연구에서는 인화성액체를 제조하는 그라비아잉크 제조사업장의 화재, 폭발 영향범위 검토 시 환기량이 미치는 영향 을 연구하여 폭발범위의 최소화를 위해 연구하였다. 환기량의 변화요소는 사업장내 강제환기팬 설치를 설정하였으며, 영 향범위 검토는 ‘KS C IEC 60079-10-1:2015의 2nd 에디션’을 활용한 폭발범위 산정과 한국산업안전보건공단에서 배포 한 E-CA 정량적평가 프로그램을 활용하여 화재범위를 산정하였다. 사업장 기본정보는 실제 그라비아잉크 제조사업장의 건축도면 및 설비배치도면을 활용하여 검토하였다. 다양한 인화성액체 제조사업장중 신규 제조소를 설립하는 화성의 그 라비아잉크 제조사업장을 선택하였으며, 강제환기팬 미설치 시의 화재, 폭발 영향범위 검토결과와 강제환기팬 설치 후의 변화되는 영향범위 검토결과를 비교·분석하였다. 사업장에 실제 설치가능한 강제환기팬의 풍량은 최소 1.25 m3/s에서 최 대 13.8 m3/s로 적용하였다. KS C IEC의 폭발범위 계산식에 따른 환기희석 등급은 소폭 증가하였으며, E-CA 프로그램 에 따른 가연성 확산 범위의 정량적평가 결과값은 소폭 감소되었다. 본 연구를 통해 인화성액체 제조사업장의 화재, 폭발 영향범위 검토 시 강제환기팬을 설치하여 환기량을 변화시킨다면 영향범위의 축소를 통한 근로자의 안전성 향상이 가능 한 것으로 판단된다.

In this study the effect of ventilation volume on the review of fire and explosion impact range of graviaink manufacturing plant that manufactures flammable liquid was studied to minimize explosion range. The elements of change in ventilation volume were set up for installation of forced ventilation fans in the workplace, and the scope of the fire was determined by calculating the explosion range using '2nd Edition of KS C IEC 60079-10-1:2015' and using the ECA quantitative assessment program distributed by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The basic information of the plant establishment was reviewed using the construction drawings and facility layout drawings of the actual Graviaink manufacturing plant. Among the various flammable liquid manufacturing plant, the Graviaink Manufacturing Plant in Hwa-seong, which established a new manufacturing plant, was selected, and the results of the review of the scope of fire and explosion impact when not installing the forced ventilation fan and the results of the review of the scope of impact that changes after installing forced ventilation fans were compared and analyzed. The maximum wind volume of the actual installed forced ventilation fan at the workplace was applied to the maximum air volume of 1.25 m3/s at a minimum of 13.8 m3/s. The ventilation dilution class according to the KS C IEC explosion range calculation formula was slightly increased, and the quantitative evaluation of the flammable diffusion range under the E-CA program was slightly reduced. Through this study, it is judged that it is possible to improve the safety of workers by reducing the scope of ventilation by installing forced ventilation fans when reviewing the scope of fire and explosion effects at a flammable liquid manufacturing plant.

본 연구는 남종화의 용묵적 전위성에 대하여 조명하였다. 남종수묵화는 수많은 색채를 배제하고 먹과 바탕의 餘白이라는 단순한 조건으로 무한한 상징과 사유적 깊이 를 寫意的경지로 표현한다. 기존의 색채관을 과감하게 깨버리는 수묵의 색채관은 그 자체로 전위적인 미학적 논제이다. 南宗禪과 남종수묵화의 사상적 전위성은 상호성을 띈다. 남종선의 돈오는 직관 적이고도 단박에 깨닫는 방식으로 당·송대이래 수많은 문인들의 정신에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 선종사상은 모든 형식적인 것을 배격하고, 정신적 이상에 도달함을 추구함으 로써 수묵화의 발전에 중추적인 촉매 역할을 하였다. 이는 곧 用心적 작용이 用墨의 변 화를 불러온 것이며 정신의 해방이 인위적 회화형식으로부터의 해방으로 이어진 것이 다. 남종수묵화의 전위적 표현방식을 가능하게 한 재료는 油煙墨이다. 유연묵의 재 료가 되는 극도로 미세한 油煙煤의 탄소(C) 미립자는 그 전시대에 주로 사용되던 송연 묵보다 훨씬 더 우수한 번짐과 발묵의 효과를 가져왔다. 그리고 그 번짐의 극대화를 위 해 바탕재를 熟紙가 아닌 生紙를 사용함으로써 풍부한 선염의 수묵적 표현이 가능하게 되었다. 이러한 재료의 기술적 혁신은 먹의 농담 변화와 발묵의 자유로움을 가능하게 하였다. 이처럼 재료의 기술적 혁신과 남종선의 사상적 혁신이 맞물려 구습을 뒤엎는 전위적이고 새로운 창신지향의 남종수묵화가 태동된 것이다. 특히 유연묵의 특성인 發墨과 渲染은 맑고 평담한 산수의 정경을 표현하기에 용 이하였다. 평담사상과 남종산수화는 물욕과 속기를 배제하고 자유롭고 주체적인 삶을 지향하려는 문인들의 反俗정신과 견자정신을 나타낸다는 점에서 그 전위성을 찾을 수 있다. 또한 남종화의 또 다른 화풍인 逸品畵는 먹과 화선지의 즉흥적인 찰나 간의 만 남이 표현된다. 이는 연기법의 禪적 직관의 표현방식이라 할 수 있다. 기운생동하는 일 품화에는 자유자재한 일필휘지의 속도감과 기세와 용묵적 추상성이 생생하게 남아있 다. 일품화는 노·장사상의 逸철학과 남종선의 돈오사상이 반영되어 나타난 회화의 일 대 혁명이다. 즉 남종화의 본래성은 전위정신에 있으며 남종화의 용묵적 변환은 그 전 위정신의 표현을 더욱 자유롭고 용이하게 만들었다.

This study is to examine the avant-garde of ink use in Chinese painting of the Southern School (hereafter, Southern School painting). Rejecting use of diverse colors, Southern School ink-and-wash painting expresses infinite symbols and depth of thoughts in the speculative realm simply with ink and blank spaces in background. A view of colors in ink-and-wash painting which drastically smashes the conventional view is an avant-garde aesthetic thesis per se. Philosophical avant-garde of Southern Zen Buddhism and Southern School ink-and-wash painting is interconnected. Sudden enlightenment in Southern Zen Buddhism refers to intuitive and instant realization, which heavily affected spirits of the literary during Tang and Song Dynasty period. Zen thoughts disapproved everything formal and sought reaching to psychological ideal, acting as the critical catalyst for development of ink-and-wash painting. This means that use of mind brought about change of ink use and; psychological liberation led to that from artificial painting form. It is oil pitch soot ink that enabled the avant-garde expression mode of Southern School ink-and-wash painting. This oil pitch soot ink is made of extremely fine carbon particle, which produces superior smears; in order to maximize the smears, unprocessed paper was used, not alum-coated one, as a base. This technological innovation of materials facilitated variations in light and shade of ink and freedom of ink effect and in line with ideological innovation of Southern Zen Buddhism, it brought about Southern School ink-and-wash painting in a free and new form which overturned old-fashioned practices. Ink effect and ombre dyeing, features of oil pitch soot ink, were particularly appropriate to express clear, pyeongdam (平淡, calm and refreshing) landscape. It eased expressions of Southern School landscape even further which was based on the idea of pyeongdam. This notion of pyeongdam and Southern School landscape have the avant-garde in that they represent unworldliness of the literary who rejected earthly desires and secular affairs and pursued free and independent life. In addition, Yipin painting (逸品畵, painting style for expression of spirituality), another style of Southern School painting, expresses an impromptu and momentary encounter of ink and rice paper. It can be referred to as an expression mode of Zen intuition in the theory of causality. Yipin painting imbued with cheerfulness and vividness clearly demonstrates speed and vigor of unrestricted, dashing stroke and abstractness of ink use. Yipin painting is a revolution in paintings to which the idea of ease (逸) in the thought of Laotzu and the idea of sudden enlightenment in Southern Zen Buddhism are reflected. In other words, the authenticity of Southern School painting lies in the avant-garde spirit and transformation of ink use in Southern School painting further liberated and facilitated expressions of that avant-garde spirit.

As screen printing is changed by automation recently, could print more exactly. However, must suffer great many trial and error to have still gotten perfect result. By the way, at this step, fair time and money should be invested. Therefore, if search for optimum condition in early time visualizing screen printing process using simulator program before progress printing, is judged that may be correct and gets printing result efficiently. In this paper, searched optimum printing speed and ink viscosity using FLOW-3D program. Also, the result could confirm truth that is agreeing almost with experiment contents. Through this, is thought that may expect extension of screen printing wide application that vivify advantage of screen print if use simulation program.

A inorganic powder EL lamp was made by screen printing technique with phosphor ink and dielectric ink. The thickness change of a phosphor ink layer and a dielectric ink layer were not influenced on dielectric content, but rely on phosphor size and vehicle. Once finishing screen printing technique with phosphor ink and dielectric ink, and its surface has been printed again before not drying of phosphor ink and dielectric ink. Then phosphor ink and dielectric ink were not transferred. The electric capacity of inorganic powder EL lamp was more influenced on dielectric content than the thickness of dielectric ink layer, and it was more dependent on the thickness of phosphor ink layer than the thickness of dielectric ink layer.

The ink which is left by sealed more than 6 months, it clogs head nozzle of machine due to precipitation and coagulation. In addition, if you stop printing about 3∼4 hours in the middle of printing work, the head nozzles of printer could be naturally clogged. To prevent of this situation, worker should implement cleaning and checking head nozzle before hands. When the nozzle is clogged in the middle of work, running a head cleaning mode can clear the clogged nozzle. Yet, large amount of waste inks which are passed clogged nozzle will be remained after cleaning. It would be very nice that ink companies take the waste ink back by green marketing, but none of them are doing it currently. The purpose of this research is that making a black water-based recycle ink by waste inks which are left of nozzle clogging or passed expiration date. This recycle ink will improved working environment and reduce cost of disposing waste inks. Furthermore, it is very environment friendly and economical. It is called a recycle ink which is water-based black ink made by waste inks.