Earticle

이 연구는 트레킹 참여자의 운동을 통한 신체적 ·정신적 변화와 지속 요인을 찾아보고, 그들의 삶에서 트레킹이 갖는 의미를 탐색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이 연구에서는 연구목적에 부합하고 심층적인 정보를 제공해줄 수 있는 참여자를 선정하기 위하여 의도적 표본추출방법을 활용하여 연구 참여자 4명을 선정하였다. 질적 연구의 주요자료로 사용되는 심층면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였으며, 귀납적 범주분석을 통해 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 처음 트레킹을 시작하 게 되는 동기인 초행길, 둘째, 트레킹을 시작하면서 경험하게 되는 낯선 두려움의 낯선 길, 셋째, 트레킹을 통해 얻게 디는 즐거움인 익숙한 길, 넷째, 트레킹을 통한 삶의 의미를 담은 새로운 길의 4가지 대영역이 도출되었다.

The purpose of this study is to find out tracking participants physical/psychological changes after exercise and factors influencing the maintenance of them, and to explore the tracking’s implication for their life. To recruit participant who are fit for the purpose of this study and can provide in-depth information, it selected four participants by using purposive sampling method. It collected data from in-depth interviews, which are often used for qualitative research, and conducted an inductive categorical analysis on them. From the findings, four big categories were drawn: 1) roads new to one, a motivation to first begin the tracking, 2)strange and scared roads one may experience in the beginning of tracking, 3) familiar roads one may enjoy through tracking, and 4) fresh roads containing the meaning of life derived from tracking.

본 연구에서는 강아지 사회화 교육의 중요성 관점에서 미국과 영국의 켄넬클럽의 강아지 사회화 교육을 살펴보 고 국내에 적용 가능한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 첫째, 보호자가 참여하는 강아지 사회화 교육은 보호자의 책임감과 유대감을 향상시킨다. 둘째, 교육은 국내에 적합한 프로그램으로 보호자와 강아지가 쉽게 따라할 수 있는 수준으로 구성 되어야 한다. 셋째, 강아지 사회화 교육을 쉽게 받을 수 있는 환경이 필요하다. 넷째, 강아지 사회화 시기에 반려견 훈련 사와 수의사와의 협력이 중요하다. 결론적으로 보호자가 함께 참여하는 강아지 사회화 교육이 필요하며, 국내 실정에 맞는 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다. 이러한 결과는 국내 올바른 반려동물 문화를 조성하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the puppy socialization class of American Kennel Club and Kennel Club of U.K., and to suggest the implications in Korea. First, puppy socialization class with owner enhance the owner-puppy bond and owner's responsibility. Second, it have to be composed of levels that owner and puppy can learn easily. Third, it need an environment which can access this program easily. Fourth, it is important a cooperation with veterinarians and handler. As a results, it shows to need to participate in puppy socialization class with owner and program considering Korea state should be developed. These results can be useful as basic data for making the correct companion animal culture of Korea.

It was amended several times the long term care insurance in Japan since 2000. This study reviewed the overall contents of the revision in 2005 and 2012. We researched the relationship between the revision of the contents in 2005 and the revision of the contents in 2012. The revision in 2005, it was increased medical payment of mild patients for preventive rehabilitation program in long term care insurance. The revision in 2012, it was increased medical payment of severe patients for home-based care. It was emphasized to establish community comprehensive care system maintaining severe patients' life in 2012. Therefore, it will be introduced system which can be caring all the long term care services in the near area. We suggested the challenges problem among the elderly due to the revision of the long term care insurance system. Finally we suggested the its implication in Korea through changes of the long term care insurance in Japan 2012.

It has been more than 30 years since Chinese IP legal system reestablished in 1978, after China's reform and opening up. In more than 3o years, the construction of Chinese IP legal system experienced changing process of reestablishment, development and gradually perfection. Especially after entrying into WTO, Chinese IP legal system has taken place huge new changes again. The purpose of this dissertation is to introduce and discuss these new changes and its implication.

이 글은 한강의 『작별하지 않는다』를 제도화된 기념이 포착하지 못하는 자리에서 4 ‧ 3의 기억이 어떻게 지속되는지를 묻는 애도의 실천으로 읽고자 하였다. 이를 위해 팀 잉골드의 ‘조응(correspondence)’ 개념과 제주 무속 의례 가운데 일상적 기원 행위인 ‘비념’에 주목 하였다. 더하여 임흥순의 다큐멘터리 <비념>과의 겹쳐 읽기를 통해, 사건의 자리이자 현재 의 일상 공간이 된 장소와 제주를 둘러싼 자연이 기억의 배경을 넘어 산 자와 죽은 자의 관계가 연루되는 장(場)으로 작동하는 방식을 분석하였다. 소설에서 정심의 유해 추적은 공적 승인으로 봉합되지 않는 ‘애도의 유예’를 보여주며, 이는 인선과 경하에게로 이어져 타자의 목소리와 몸, 기억과 장소가 서로에게 연루되는 과정으로 확장된다. 이때 눈, 바람, 물의 순환은 과거의 고통이 현재의 감각 안에서 작동하 도록 만드는 매질로 나타난다. 이 글은 이러한 조응의 과정 속에서 소설이 제시하는 ‘구하 려는 마음’이 타자의 부름에 기꺼이 응답하는 돌봄의 윤리로 형상화됨을 밝히고자 하였다. 요컨대, 『작별하지 않는다』는 4 ‧ 3의 기억을 고착된 과거가 아니라 현재의 삶 속에서 끊임 없이 생성되고 흐르는 것으로 다시 놓으며, ‘작별하지 않는’ 애도의 방식과 사랑의 가능성 을 끝까지 열어두는 소설이다.

This study reads Han Kang’s We Do Not Part as a practice of mourning that asks how the memory of April 3 endures in spaces that institutionalized commemoration cannot fully capture. To this end, it draws on Tim Ingold’s concept of “correspondence” and binyeom— an everyday act of prayer within Jeju shamanic practice. Furthermore, through a comparative reading with Im Heung-soon’s documentary Binyeom, it examines how the site of violence—now an ordinary space of daily life—and Jeju’s surrounding natural environment function not merely as a backdrop for memory but as a field of implication in which relations between the living and the dead are continually reconfigured. In the novel, Jeong-sim’s search for remains figures a “suspension of mourning” that cannot be sealed by public recognition; this suspension is carried forward by In-seon and Gyeong-ha, unfolding into a process in which voices and bodies, memory and place, become mutually implicated. In this context, the cycles of snow, wind, and water appear as a medium through which past suffering operates within present sensation. The study argues that, through this process of correspondence, the novel’s “will to save” is shaped as an ethics of care—an attunement that willingly responds to the call of the other. Ultimately, We Do Not Part repositions the memory of April 3 not as a fossilized past but as something continually generated and flowing within the texture of present life, keeping open the modes of mourning and the possibilities of love that do not “part.”

본 연구는 「さえ」와 「からして」의 호환성을 분석하여 양자의 의미적 특징을 분명히 하는 데에 목적이 있다. 연구 방법으로는 누마타(2000)의 이론을 바탕으로 특립조사(とりたて詞) 의미 분석의 키워드를 이용하여 「타자(他者)」의 특징을 분석했다. 「さえ」와 「からして」는 호환성이 있어 의외성을 나타낸다는 점에서 유의 관계에 있지만, 양자의 차이는 문장에 드러나는 「자자(自者)」가 아닌 암시 부분의 「타자」에 있다. 분석 결과, 「さえ」는, 문중(文中)의 「자자」가 그로 인해 유추되는 여러 「타자」의 시작점에 있는 경우에 「からして」와 호환성을 갖게 됨이 밝혀졌다. 또한 「さえ」의 암시 부분의 「타자」의 특징은 「단정(断定)」이 아닌 「～라고 생각했다」라는 의미의 「상정(想定)」이고 「타자군(他者群)」에는「배열(配列)」이 형성된다. 그에 반해 「からして」의 「타자」는 「단정」임과 동시에 여러 「타자」가 「서열(序列)」을 나타낸다는 점도 다르다. 이 차이에 근거하여, 양자의 「타자」에는 실제로 존재하지 않는 가공성(架空性)의 허용에 관한 조건이 도출되었다. 즉, 「さえ」의 「타자」는 실재(実在)하는 경우도 있고 그렇지 않은 경우도 있을 수 있다. 그에 반해, 「からして」의 타자는 반드시 실재해야 하는 조건이 따른다. 「さえ」의 「타자」는 실재하지 않는 가공의 것일 때도 허용되지만, 일정한 방향성과 「서열」을 이루지 않는 것에 반해, 「からして」의 「타자」는 가공의 것에서는 허용되지 않고, 실재함과 동시에 정해진 방향성과 「서열」이 존재한다는 것을 확인했다. 향후의 과제로는 「からして」와 의미적으로 대극 관계에 있는 「まで」와 「からして」의 호환성에 대해 고찰함으로써 「からして」가 다른 의외성의 특립조사와 어떤 차이가 있는지 명확히 밝히고자 한다.

This study aims to clarify the semantic characteristics of the two expressions by analyzing the compatibility between “Sa–e” and “Karashite”. As a research method, the characteristics of the implied part were analyzed using the semantic analysis keyword of “TORITE” based on the theory of Numata (2000). “Sa–e” and “Karashite” have similarities in that they are compatible and indicate surprise, but the difference between the two expressions appears in the implied part, not the part specified in the sentence. As a result of the analysis, it was found that “Sa–e” is compatible with “Karashite” when the elements of the sentence are at the starting point of several hints. In addition, the characteristic of the implied part of “Sa–e” is not a conclusion, but a “thought that...” It also means that the sequence does not appear in the implied things. On the other hand, there is a difference in that the sequence appears in the implied part of “Karashite.” Based on this difference, it was derived that the implied elements of the two expressions are related to the acceptable conditions of machinability that do not actually exist. In other words, the implied element of “Sa–e” may or may not exist. On the other hand, it is subject to the condition that the implied element of “Karashite” must exist. As a future task, the compatibility of “Made” and “Karashite,” which are in a confrontational relationship with “Karashite,” is considered to clarify how “Karashite” differs from other unexpected surveys.

This study attempts to present a new framework by grasping the expression of invitation more broadly. If you grasp the meaning of superficial characters, there are expressions that cannot be said to be invitation. However, in actual communication, it functions as a invitation. Through this discourse, we analyzed what factors made ‘making into invitation’. As a result, ‘Asking about the listener’s situation’, ‘Asking listeners for their hopes and preferences’, ‘the communication of the speaker’s opinion’, ‘the communication of the speaker’s hopes and preferences’,‘the communication of the situation around you’five elements appeared. Through the same consciousness, the listener can grasp the meaning of the invitation hidden in the speaker’s speech. The reason why ‘making invitation’ is established is that they have the same consciousness. Through the same consciousness, the listener can grasp the meaning of the invitation hidden in the speaker’s speech.

본 연구는 2022~2023년 2년간 「기업경영연구」에 게재된 논문들을 분석하여 「기업경영연구」를 통해 만들어지 는 지식과 정보가 경영학계 연구에 기여하는 바를 확인하고 시사점을 제공하는 데에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 2년간 게재된 논문을 학문영역, 연구유형, 자료원천에 따라 구분하여 분석하였으며, 학문영역별 논문들의 내용 을 정리하였다. 2022~2023년 「기업경영연구」에는 95편의 논문이 게재되었다. 학문영역별로 보면, 인사·조직 31 편, 재무·회계 29편, 생산·MIS·기술경영 7편, 창업·기업가정신 3편, 마케팅 5편, 국제경영 3편, 경영일반 17편이 게재되었다. 연구방법으로는 실증연구가 67편으로 가장 많았고, 이론연구 3편, 방법론연구 3편, 사례연구 3편, 그 외 19편이었다. 자료원천을 보면, 인사·조직 분야에서는 설문조사에 의한 연구가 많았고, 재무·회계 분야에서 는 2차 자료에 의한 연구가 많았다. 이러한 분석결과를 기반으로 향후 연구를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다.

This study pursues to analyze the papers published in 「Korean Corporation Management Review」 for two years from 2022 to 2023. The papers were classified and analyzed on academic areas, research types, and data sources. In addition the main contents of papers in each academic areas were summarized. In addition, the contents of papers in each academic field were summarzied. From 2022 to 2023, 95 papers were published in the 「Korean Corporation Management Review」. 31 articles were published in HR and organization, 29 articles in finance and accounting, 7 articles in production, MIS and technology management, 3 articles in start-up and entrepreneurship, 5 articles in marketing, 3 articles in international management, and 17 articles in general management. In temrs of the type of study, 67 papers were empirical research studies. There were 3 theoretical studies, 3 methodology studies, 3 case studies, and 19 other articles. Many papers in the field of HR and organization and finance and accounting used empirical research design. Based on these analysis results, implications for future research were derived.

본 연구는 2022년 한 해 동안 기업경영연구에 게재된 논문들을 분석하여 기업경영연구를 통해 생산되는 지 식과 정보가 기업경영에 어떠한 도움을 주고 있는 지를 확인하고 시사점을 찾고자 하는 데에 의의가 있다. 먼 저 한 해 동안 게재된 논문을 학문영역, 연구유형, 자료원천에 따라 구분하여 분석하였다. 또한, 각 학문영역별 논문들의 주요한 내용을 정리하였다. 2022년 기업경영연구에는 48편의 논문이 게재되었다. 인사조직 17편, 재 무회계 14편으로 두 영역에 많은 논문들이 게재되었다. 연구유형을 보면 실증연구가 36편으로 가장 많았으며, 자료원천은 2차 자료 21편 및 설문지 자료 18편이었다. 이러한 분석에 연구를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다.

This study pursues to analyze the papers published in Korean Corporation Management Review for the year of 2022. The papers were classified and analyzed accoridng to academic areas, research types, and data sources. In addition the main contents of papers in each academic areas were summarized. Forty-eight papers were published in 2022. There are 17 papers of management and HR area, fourteen papers of finance and accounting area. In terms of research type, empirical studies were the most common with 36 papers, and the data sources were twenty-one secondary data and eighteen were questionnaire data. Implications were discussed for future studies.

문화재는 우리나라의 역사와 문화를 이해하기 위해 없어서는 안 될 귀중한 국민적 재산임에도 불구하고 크고 작은 화재로 문화재가 소실되는 피해는 지속적으로 발생해왔다. 특히 목조문화재의 경우 화재에 취약하고 화염 확산이 빨라 초기 진화 실패 시 큰 피해로 이어질 위험이 크며, 입지적 특성으로 소방대원의 접근성이 떨어진다는 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에 서는 목조문화재를 중심으로 한국과 일본의 문화재 적용 소방시설의 현황을 파악하고, 소방시설 설치 기준 등 화재예방 대 책을 조사･분석하여 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

Despite the fact that cultural properties are valuable national assets that are indispensable for understanding the history and culture of Korea, there have been continuous damages caused by large and small fires. Wooden cultural properties are vulnerable to fire and have a high risk of causing serious damage in the event of an initial fire extinguishing failure, and have poor accessibility to firefighters due to their location. Therefore, this study will focus on wooden cultural properties, identify the current status of fire protection facility in Korea and Japan, and investigate and analyze fire precautions such as fire protection facility installation standards to derive suggestions.

본 연구는 효제문자도와 그 해당 한자에 담긴 함의와 그 신화를 비교 분석하여 연관성을 밝히려는 시도이다. 연구 진행은 선행자료를 토대로 한자의 형성 원리를 이해하고 우리 문자 역사와 한자의 관계에 대해 고찰한 다음, 이를 토대로 한자의 형성 원리에 사용된 모티프들과 효제문자도에 활용된 모티프들을 파악하였다. 이어서 추출된 모티프들에 담긴 함의를 비교 분석하여 연관성 유무를 파악한 후 최종적으로 그 결과를 바탕으로 당시 조정의 정치적 의도와 신화를 도출하였다. 연구 결과 효제문자도의 모티프들과 해당 한자에 활용된 모티프들은 공히 피상적으로 소재들 간의 직접적 연관성은 없었다. 그러나 해당 한자 모티프들은 한자 초기에 만들어졌기에 해당 한자의 본질이 함축적으로 표현된 소재와 행위가 형상화되어 있었고 문자도의 모티프들은 해당 한자의 의미를 수행하기 위한 구체적 행동에 대한 지침을 대부분 비유적으로 표현한 소재들이었다. 그러므로 그 방향성이 전혀 다른 것은 아니기에 최종적으로 각 한자의 철학적 목적성이 효제문자도에 배태되어 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between Hyo-jei Painting of Characters, the meaning contained in the Chinese characters, and the myths by comparative analysis. To proceed with the research, we will understand the principle of formation of Chinese characters based on the preceding data and study the relationship between the history of Korean characters and Chinese characters. And after comparing and analyzing the meanings contained in the identified motifs to confirm the correlation, finally, based on the results, we will understand the political intentions and myths of the government at the time. As a result of the study, the motifs of the Hyo-jei Painting of Characters and the motifs used in the corresponding Chinese characters had no direct relationship between the materials in common. Since the Chinese character motifs were created in the early days of Chinese characters, the material and actions that implicitly expressed the essence of the Chinese characters were embodied, and the motifs in Hyo-jei Painting of Characters are materials that most metaphorically express the methods of specific actions to carry out the meaning of the corresponding Chinese characters. took in However, the direction was not at all different, and the purpose of each Chinese character was implied in Hyo-jei Painting of Characters.

한국의 대표적 여성 극작가로 손꼽히는 정복근은 1990년대 이후 망각된 과거사를 소재로 한 일련의 작품들을 발표해 왔다. 그 가운데, 2007년에 공연되었던 ｢짐｣은 한일 양국 정부는 물론 대중 미디어에서조차 철저히 잊힌, 우키시마호 사건에 주목하고 있다. 이때 연극은 사실적 재현을 통해 사건의 실상을 알리는 데에 주력하기보다는 다양한 연극적 효과를 활용 하여 그것이 지금의 삶에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 보여준다. 과거 침몰 현장을 직접 목격했거나 간접적으로라도 이에 관여된 이들은 평생 트라 우마로 괴로워할 수밖에 없었다. 이러한 인물들의 고통스러운 내면은 배 우들의 군무와 각종 청각적 효과가 동원되면서 더욱 강렬히 표현된다. 또 한 과거를 방관하고 외면하려는 현 세대에게 이 문제는 계속해서 돌아오 는 정체불명의 짐으로 형상화 된다. 양국 사이를 떠도는 짐이라는 상징은 과거사가 비단 가해국 혹은 피해국에 한정된 문제가 아님을 보여준다. 공 간의 분할과 통합을 용이하게 만든 무대 구성 역시 현재와 과거, 일본과 한국을 넘나드는 장치로 공동의 과거를 드러내는 데에 중요한 역할을 한다. ｢짐｣이 발표된 시기를 전후하여 위안부 문제를 비롯한 일본의 과거사 왜곡은 국제사회에서도 큰 이슈가 되었다. 그리고 국내에서는 대선 및 총 선 등이 예정되어 있었기에 그 어느 때보다 각 개인의 정치적 선택과 향 후 이것이 사회에 미칠 영향에 대해 고민하는 때이기도 했다. 결과적으로 ｢짐｣은 과거와 현재를 연결 짓는 효율적 극작술과 연극적 효과의 다양한 고안을 통해 과거에 연루된 자들로서 지어야 할 기억의 책무, 정치적 책 임의 문제를 지금 우리의 현실 안에서 강력히 환기하였다고 볼 수 있다.

Jeong Bok-geun is a representative female playwright in Korea, and since the 1990s, she has published works based on the forgotten past. Among them, Jim first performed in 2007, pay attention to the truth of Ukishima, which was thoroughly forgotten by the public media and the governments of both Korea and Japan. Rather than attempt to realistically reproduce the past, the play shows how the event continuously affects life in the present through various theatrical effects. Those who witnessed the ship's sinking or were indirectly connected to it had no choice but to suffer from the trauma of the past. The play embodies their distress through the movements of actors and various auditory effects on the stage to express hallucination and illusion. In addition, for the present generation who want to turn a blind eye to the past, it is symbolically expressed as an unidentified burden that will continue to return even if they try to shake it off. This is not a limited experience for specific people in the perpetrator or victim country. The stage composition, which facilitates the division and integration of space, is used as a device that crosses the present, past, Japan, and Korea, and is appropriately expressed as a common past. At the time when Jim was first performed Japanese distortion of past history became a big issue. In addition, elections were scheduled in Korea, making people think about individual political choices and their impact. For that reason, this play reminds us once again that, as those involved in the past, we are responsible for memory.

There are new jobs being born and jobs that are disappearing in our world due to changes of social conditions, the 4thindustrial revolution, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, and advancements in information communication technologies. In the future, we might see robots take over the jobs that human had been performing. Recently, new jobs have appeared, based on individuals’ creative abilities or knowledge. Regarding this phenomenon, first, this study attempts to analyze the concepts, terminologies, and cases related to job creation by examining literature reviews and previous studies. Second, this article proposes insightful conclusions by summarizing the characteristics of job creation in the age of digital transformation.

본 연구는 한국어 모어 화자와 베트남인 학습자의 불평 화행에 나타난 함축 표현 사용 양상을 분석하여 한국어 학습자의 화행 습득에 나타난 특징을 파악하고 그 결과를 함축 표현 교육의 기초 자료로 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 객관식 DCT를 통해 실험을 진행하고 사회적 변인에 따른 함축 표현 사용 양상을 분석하였다. 실험을 통해 베트남인 고급 학습자는 청자의 체면을 위협하는 정도가 낮은 함축 표현을 인지하고 있으나 함축 표현 중 ‘모호한 표현’에 편중하여 함축을 매우 한정적으로 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 베트남인 학습자들이 고급 수준의 한국어 능력을 갖추고 있다 하더라도 한국어 모어 화자에 비해 함축 표현을 다양하게 사용할 수 있는 능력은 부족하다는 것을 나타낸다. 그러므로 베트남인 고급 학습자들이 불평 화행을 수행할 때 상대방의 체면을 보호하면서도 자신의 의도를 효과적으로 전달할 수 있는 다양한 함축 표현을 사용할 수 있도록 한국어 모어 화자의 함축 사용 양상을 토대로 교육이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The aim of this study is to analyse the usage of implicative expressions in complaining speech acts of Vietnamese learners of Korean and native Korean speakers in order to understand the speech act acquisition characteristicts of Korean language learners, provide base data for implicative expressions education. For this purpose, the experiment was conducted through multiple choice DCT and the use of implicative expression according to social variables was analyzed. In conclusion, we can say that advanced Vietnamese learners of Korean have limited ability to use implications. They are aware of low-level implicative expressions which threaten the listener’s face, but lean too much towards using ‘vague expressions’. Such a tendency shows that despite their Korean language skills, advanced Vietnamese learners of Korean, in comparison to native Korean speakers, lack the ability to use a variety of implicative expressions. Therefore, following the usage of implications by native Korean speakers, we need to educate advanced Vietnamese speakers of Korean to be able to convey their intent effectively with a variety of implicative expressions, while also protecting the listener’s face.

본 연구는 한국어 모어 화자와 베트남인 학습자의 불평 화행에 나타난 함축 표현 사용 양상을 분석하여 한국어 학습자의 화행 습득에 나타난 특징을 파악하고 그 결과를 함축 표현 교육의 기초 자료로 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 객관식 DCT를 통해 실험을 진행하고 사회적 변인에 따른 함축 표현 사용 양상을 분석하였다. 실험을 통해 베트남인 고급 학습자는 청자의 체면을 위협하는 정도가 낮은 함축 표현을 인지하고 있으나 함축 표현 중 ‘모호한 표현’에 편중하여 함축을 매우 한정적으로 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 베트남인 학습자들이 고급 수준의 한국어 능력을 갖추고 있다 하더라도 한국어 모어 화자에 비해 함축 표현을 다양하게 사용할 수 있는 능력은 부족하다는 것을 나타낸다. 그러므로 베트남인 고급 학습자들이 불평 화행을 수행할 때 상대방의 체면을 보호하면서도 자신의 의도를 효과적으로 전달할 수 있는 다양한 함축 표현을 사용할 수 있도록 한국어 모어 화자의 함축 사용 양상을 토대로 교육이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The aim of this study is to analyse the usage of implicative expressions in complaining speech acts of Vietnamese learners of Korean and native Korean speakers in order to understand the speech act acquisition characteristicts of Korean language learners, provide base data for implicative expressions education. For this purpose, the experiment was conducted through multiple choice DCT and the use of implicative expression according to social variables was analyzed. In conclusion, we can say that advanced Vietnamese learners of Korean have limited ability to use implications. They are aware of low-level implicative expressions which threaten the listener’s face, but lean too much towards using ‘vague expressions’. Such a tendency shows that despite their Korean language skills, advanced Vietnamese learners of Korean, in comparison to native Korean speakers, lack the ability to use a variety of implicative expressions. Therefore, following the usage of implications by native Korean speakers, we need to educate advanced Vietnamese speakers of Korean to be able to convey their intent effectively with a variety of implicative expressions, while also protecting the listener’s face.

본 연구는 저출산과 고령화에 따른 일본 노인체육 정책을 살펴보고 한국 노인체육 정책을 위한 시사점을 도출하 기 위한 목적이다. 연구방법은 문헌조사 방법을 사용하였으며 일본의 노인 체육정책은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일본의 노인 체육정책은 정부 주도하에 노인체육을 제도화하여 운영하고 있다. 둘째, 일본의 노인 체육정책은 지역 중심의 스포츠환 경(시설, 프로그램, 지도자)을 정비하는데 주력하고 있다. 셋째, 일본의 노인 체육정책은 지역을 기반으로 종합형지역 스포츠클럽을 지속적으로 지원‧육성하고 있다. 넷째, 일본의 노인 체육정책은 연령별 건강 상태를 고려한 맞춤형 스포츠 종합검진 서비스를 운영하고 있다. 다섯째, 일본의 노인 체육정책은 건강증진의 목적 뿐 아니라 건강저하에 따른 질병 발생이나 낙상과 같은 사고를 예방하는 프로그램으로 운영하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 한국은 노인의 건강증진 과 노인체육 활성화를 위해 일본 노인체육 정책을 면밀히 분석하여 우리 실정에 맞도록 시사점을 활용할 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 노년층의 운동동기와 신체 능력에 맞는 연령 맞춤형 프로그램과 시설, 지도자를 개발하여 적극적인 신체활동 을 유도하고 개인은 물론 국가적으로 노인 문제를 해결할 수 있는 최적의 대안을 마련하여야만 한다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the implications of the comparison between the elderly physical education policy and the elderly physical education policy in Japan. The study method used the literature survey method. The elderly physical education policy in Japan is as follows. FFirst, in Japan, the government has played a leading role in the athletic policy of the elderly, institutionalizing the elderly physical education. Second, the elderly physical education policy in Japan focuses on the improvement of local sports environment (facilities, programs, leaders). Third, Japan's elderly athletic policy continues to support and foster comprehensive sports clubs based on the region. Fourth, the elderly athletic policy in Japan operates a comprehensive sports check - up service that takes into account age - specific health status. Fifth, the elderly sports policy of Japan is not only aiming at health promotion but also a program to prevent accidents such as illness or fall due to health deterioration. Therefore, in order to promote the health of the senior and to stimulate the athletic performance of the senior, Korea needs to analyze the senior sports policy in detail and establish a plan to utilize it appropriately. Through this, it is necessary to develop age-tailored programs, facilities, and leaders that are appropriate for the athletic motivation and physical abilities of the elderly, to induce active physical activity and to provide an optimal alternative to solve the elderly problem nationwide as well as individuals.

Recent reports claimed that glucosylsphingosine (GS) is highly accumulated and specifically evoking itch-scratch responses in the skins of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. However, it was unclear how GS can trigger itch-scratch responses, since there were no known molecular singling pathways revealed yet. In the present study, it was verified for the first time that GS can activate mouse serotonin receptor 2a (mHtr2a) and 2b (mHtr2b), but not 2c (mHtr2c) that are expressed in HEK293T cells. Specifically, effects of GS on all mouse serotonin receptor 2 subfamily were evaluated by calcium imaging techniques. The GS-induced intracellular calcium increase was dose-dependent, and antagonists such as ketanserin (Htr2a antagonist) and RS-127445 (Htr2b antagonist) significantly blocked the GS-induced responses. Moreover, the proposed GS-induced responses appear to be mediated by phospholipase C (PLC), since pretreatment of a PLC inhibitor U-73122 abolished the GS-induced responses. Additionally, the GS-induced calcium influx is probably mediated by endogenous TRPC ion channels in HEK293T cells, since pretreatment of SKF-96365, an inhibitor for TRPC, significantly suppressed GS-induced response. In conclusion, the present study revealed for the first time that GS can stimulate mHtr2a and mHtr2b to induce calcium influx, by utilizing PLC-dependent pathway afterwards. Considering that GS is regarded as a pruritogen in AD, the present study implicates a novel GS-induced itch signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate alterations in the expression of the main regulators of neuronal survival and death related to astrocytes and neuronal cells in the brain in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Eight-week-old male imprinting control region mice (n=36; 30?35 g) were used in this study and randomly assigned to two groups: the naive control group (n=18) and SCI group (n=18). The mice in both groups were randomly allocated to the following three time points: 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks (n=6 each). The expression levels of regulators such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP 2) in the brain were evaluated following thoracic contusive SCI. In addition, the number of neuronal cells in the motor cortex (M1 and M2 areas) and the number of astrocytes in the hippocampus were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results BDNF expression was significantly elevated at 2 weeks after injury (p=0.024). The GDNF level was significantly elevated at 3 days (p=0.042). The expression of HDAC1 was significantly elevated at 1 week (p=0.026). Following SCI, compared with the control the number of NeuN-positive cells in the M1 and M2 areas gradually and consistently decreased at 2 weeks after injury. In contrast, the number of astrocytes was significantly increased at 1 week (p=0.029).Conclusion These results demonstrate that the upregulation of BDNF, GDNF and HDAC1 might play on important role in brain reorganization after SCI.

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. The VDR binds to active vitamin $D_3$ metabolites, which stimulates downstream transduction signaling involved in various physiological activities such as calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization, and cell differentiation. Quercetin is a widely distributed flavonoid in nature that is known to enhance transactivation of VDR target genes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying VDR activation by quercetin is not well understood. We first demonstrated the interaction between quercetin and the VDR at the molecular level by using fluorescence quenching and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments. The dissociation constant ($K_d$) of quercetin and the VDR was $21.15{\pm}4.31{\mu}M$, and the mapping of quercetin subsites for VDR binding was performed using STD-NMR. The binding mode of quercetin was investigated by a docking study combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Quercetin might serve as a scaffold for the development of VDR modulators with selective biological activities.

Agriculture has played a significant role in the national economy, contributing to food security, driving economic growth, and safeguarding the dietary habits of the population. Korean agriculture has been compelled to focus on intensive farming due to its limited cultivation area, excessive input costs, and the limitations of agricultural mechanization. In the Republic of Korea (R.O.K), the concept of environmentally friendly animal agriculture began to be introduced in the early 2000s. This concept ultimately aims to cultivate sustainable animal agriculture (SAA) through environmentally friendly production practices, ensuring the healthy rearing of animals to supply safe animal products. Despite the government’s efforts, there are still significant challenges in implementing environmentally friendly agriculture and SAA in the R.O.K. Therefore, the objective of this review is to establish the direction that the animal agriculture sector should take in the era of climate crisis, and to develop effective strategies for SAA tailored to the current situation in the R.O.K by examining the trends in SAA in the U.S. The animal agriculture sector in the U.S. has been working towards creating a SAA system where humans, animals, and the environment can coexist through government initiatives, industry research, technological support, and individual efforts. Efforts have been made to reduce emissions like carbon, and improve factors affecting the environment such as the carbon footprint, odor, and greenhouse gases associated with animal agriculture processes for animals such as cattle and pigs. The transition of the U.S. towards SAA appears to be driven by both external goals related to addressing climate change and the primary objectives of responding to the demand for safe animal products, expanding consumption, and securing competitiveness in overseas export markets. The demand for animal welfare, organic animal products, and processed goods has been increasing in the U.S. consumer market. A major factor in the transformation of the U.S. animal agriculture sector in terms of livestock specifications is attributed to environmentally friendly practices such as high-quality feed, heat stress reduction, improvements in reproductive ability and growth period reduction, and efforts in animal genetic enhancement.