Earticle

When discussing world mission at present time, the buzzword is "change". In 21st century, the way on how to properly respond on the rapid changing environment in the world has been determined and that will depend whether it will succeed or not. There are numerous areas changed in the world caused by mission works. Of those many changes, that is the greatest influence caused by today's mission, is the change in population and migration. Many senior Christians are anticipating to spend the rest of their lives actively using their gifts and time for the Kingdom of God rather than just to relax and enjoy their leisure hours. Thus, the problem on how to mobilize the increase in numbers of the top-level human resources in their forties~ eighties in the mission work has emerged as an important task. Now there are various forms in identifying a ministry and at the same time training of senior missionaries, and create a better position for the numerous credible retirees. Furthermore, it is not just a field work for senior missionaries, but also a diverse group of infrastructures will be backed-up as to be able to support a field work.

It was amended several times the long term care insurance in Japan since 2000. This study reviewed the overall contents of the revision in 2005 and 2012. We researched the relationship between the revision of the contents in 2005 and the revision of the contents in 2012. The revision in 2005, it was increased medical payment of mild patients for preventive rehabilitation program in long term care insurance. The revision in 2012, it was increased medical payment of severe patients for home-based care. It was emphasized to establish community comprehensive care system maintaining severe patients' life in 2012. Therefore, it will be introduced system which can be caring all the long term care services in the near area. We suggested the challenges problem among the elderly due to the revision of the long term care insurance system. Finally we suggested the its implication in Korea through changes of the long term care insurance in Japan 2012.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nursing professionalism and career identity on nursing students' career preparation behavior. Methods: Data were collected from 388 students by self-reported questionnaires consisted of nursing professionalism, career identity, and career preparation behavior from May 7 to May 25, 2012. The SPSS 18.0 Window program was used for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson`s correlational coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average score of nursing professionalism, career identity, and career preparation behavior was 3.76, 2.59, and 2.38 respectively. There were positive correlations between nursing professionalism and career identity, between career preparation behavior and nursing professionalism, and between career preparation behavior and career identity. Nursing professionalism and career identity were significant predictors of career preparation behavior. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a comprehensive intervention program to improve the nursing professionalism and career identity for inducing the effective career preparation behavior in nursing students.

By analyzing the meaning of community service activities depending on decision to re-participate to volunteer program for the aged with an objective of practicing love to neighbors, important conditions and supportive itemsrequired for practice, the study aimed to provide a basic data for invigoration of voluntary participation. From March 2007 to June 2011, 60 visual optics students, who participated in the volunteer program was linked major for the elderly lived in Cheonan. A participant was received education for visual function examination and neighborliness before the volunteer program. The volunteer program was created the 4 hours a day except make-ready time, discussion and movement. Sex, age, religion, mportance of volunteer program, motive of participation, meaning of volunteer program, important conditions for volunteer program, supportive items required for practice and re-participation were investigated. 51.7% of the participants answered that they joined the volunteer program to experience various lives and 78.3% were recognizing the importance of volunteer program as ‘Important’ or ‘Very Important’. 60% of the participants made positive decisions for re-participation. The students who showed positive response answered that they could have an opportunity to meet people with same interests through volunteer program activities, and sharing experience among participants worked as an important condition. Also, it was observed that students were aware of the importance of provision of related information and training program after participating in volunteer program. Conclusion: The students who participated in the volunteer program for the aged as a practice of loving neighbors were likely to show positive response for re-participation as they consider the meeting with other participants and sharing experience important. Also, those students with positive response considered provision of related information or training more important thus showing difference from those students with negative response.

In this current medical world that mechanized and purpose-oriented by development of medical knowledge, to find out whether the nurses knowing their work in some degree and identifying the problems and to figure out the way that induce social change by solving that problems, I tried to analyze concepts of emancipatory knowledge. Method: This study used Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis. The precedent of emancipatory knowledge was realizing the social/political problems, awareness of unfairness and inequality, critical and reflective nursing practice. And the result by those precedent was ability that can improved life by continuous reflection and practice to change the world. To practice and continuously reflect this process, nurse’s awareness of problems and understanding of minority and strategy for improve their life is needed. And the effort to change their life by practicing and continuously reflecting this process is needed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of microbial contamination in sponge pad for interferential current therapy, and compare the cleaning and the disinfection for removing bacteria in order to provide fundamental data for the prevention of nosocomial infection at the physical therapy rooms. The data were collected from 20 sponge pads of 7 electrotherapy rooms. 3M Petrifilmtm was used for counting the colonies of general microorganism, and for detection of coli form group bacteria of each sponge pad. For the calculation of the removing bacteria, microorganism after the cleaning and the disinfection was cultured. Data were analysed using Kruscal-Wallis test. The results of this study showed that the average of colonies of sponge pads before the cleaning or the disinfection is 4,989,904 CFU(colony-forming unit)/pad, and coli form group bacteria were detected in the 8 sponge pads out of the 20 sponge pads. There were significant differences between the rate of removing bacteria of the cleaning and the disinfection( p<.01), the group disinfected(99.9%) was more effective for removing bacteria than the group cleaned(60.9%). For this reason, physical therapy departments have to devise the systemed guidelines for cleanliness of physical therapy instruments. In addition, physical therapists should understand the seriousness of nosocomial infection at the physical therapy rooms and direct their efforts to manage the sponge pads in more hygienic way.

The purpose of this study was to identify general population’s perception and attitude on euthanasia, which will be used as basic data for developing promotion. Data were collected from 231 adults in community. Data collection using face to face interview was done between the June and July in 2012. The descriptive statistics and Chi-square were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows 19.0 program. The results of this study showed that 182 people (78.8%) think that euthanasia should be legislated, 85 people (41.1%) permit euthanasia to the rage of voluntary one, and 122 people (58.9%) permit passive euthanasia. When the subject of voluntary euthanasia is the respondent of himself, people whose economic power is middle range(p=0.042) responded that they will undertake euthanasia. And related to the passive euthanasia, arrangement showed meaningful differences by age(p=0.031). When the subject of voluntary euthanasia is the respondent of other people, survey participant’s age(p<0.001), married state(p<0.001), religion(p=0.007), and economic state(p=0.024) created meaningful difference. For the subject of passive euthanasia, participant’s age(p,0.001), married state(p=0.006) created meaningful difference. In conclusion these results show that most general public responded that the legislation on euthanasia is required. And, age, economic state, married state, and religion seem to have an influence on their decision on euthanasia. Not only such a study of demographic and sociological correlation but various basic data on the legislation of euthanasia are need.

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the relationships between the major satisfaction and clinical nursing competency in nursing students. Methods: Data collected from 69 students in nursing department of a university, from May 20 to June 15, 2012. Data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, Anova, Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS program. Results: Major satisfaction was different significantly according to clinical practice satisfaction, positivism toward nursing major, adaptation ability to environments. Clinical nursing competency was different significantly according to clinical practice satisfaction and difficulties in school life. Major satisfaction and clinical nursing competency was correlated positively. Conclusion: How to maximize the nursing major satisfaction is needed to improve the clinical nursing competency in students. Clinical practice satisfaction is regarded to mediate the nursing major satisfaction and clinical nursing competency. Further study about mediation effect and correlation is recomm eucled.

PFPS (Patellofemoral pain syndrome) is caused by the imbalance of the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL). Lunge exercise for PFPS have focused on selectively strengthening VMO. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of knee joint angle 45°, 60° and 90° on electromyographic (EMG) activities of the rectus femoris (RF), VL, VMO and ratio of VMO and VL during lunge exercise. Twenty persons (male 10, female 10) with PFPS were participated in this study. All participants performed Lunge exercise all knee joint angles, and this angle was randomly chosen. The EMG activities of the RF, VL and VMO were recorded in three angles by surface EMG system and normalized into %MVIC values. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVIC) of the RF, VL and VMO were compared using one-way ANOVA with repeated measure. There was no significant difference between the VL and VMO in every knee joint angles (p>.05). There was no significant difference on VMO/VL ratio of EMG activities (p>.05). However, EMG activities in RF, VL and VMO increased significantly knee joint angle 45° 60° and 90° orderly (p<.05). These findings suggest that lunge exercise at knee flexion at 90° is the most effective way on strengthening the VL and VMO.

The purpose of this study was to explore the nurse image and job recognition of the male students in nursing. The research design was a descriptive study with a structured questionnaire. The participants included 172 male students in nursing by a convenience sample method and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected from September, to October, 2012, and analysed using SPSS/PC Win 17.0 program. Male nurse image of the male nurse students in nursing is professional career, pressing. Job recognition about the male nurse of the male students in nursing is physical strength and male nurse students want to work in special part at hospital. In conclusion, it is need to level up the nursing professionalism of male nurse and nursing education system should concern about male nursing student's specificity.