Earticle

PFPS (Patellofemoral pain syndrome) is caused by the imbalance of the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL). Lunge exercise for PFPS have focused on selectively strengthening VMO. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of knee joint angle 45°, 60° and 90° on electromyographic (EMG) activities of the rectus femoris (RF), VL, VMO and ratio of VMO and VL during lunge exercise. Twenty persons (male 10, female 10) with PFPS were participated in this study. All participants performed Lunge exercise all knee joint angles, and this angle was randomly chosen. The EMG activities of the RF, VL and VMO were recorded in three angles by surface EMG system and normalized into %MVIC values. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVIC) of the RF, VL and VMO were compared using one-way ANOVA with repeated measure. There was no significant difference between the VL and VMO in every knee joint angles (p>.05). There was no significant difference on VMO/VL ratio of EMG activities (p>.05). However, EMG activities in RF, VL and VMO increased significantly knee joint angle 45° 60° and 90° orderly (p<.05). These findings suggest that lunge exercise at knee flexion at 90° is the most effective way on strengthening the VL and VMO.

In this current medical world that mechanized and purpose-oriented by development of medical knowledge, to find out whether the nurses knowing their work in some degree and identifying the problems and to figure out the way that induce social change by solving that problems, I tried to analyze concepts of emancipatory knowledge. Method: This study used Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis. The precedent of emancipatory knowledge was realizing the social/political problems, awareness of unfairness and inequality, critical and reflective nursing practice. And the result by those precedent was ability that can improved life by continuous reflection and practice to change the world. To practice and continuously reflect this process, nurse’s awareness of problems and understanding of minority and strategy for improve their life is needed. And the effort to change their life by practicing and continuously reflecting this process is needed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nursing professionalism and career identity on nursing students' career preparation behavior. Methods: Data were collected from 388 students by self-reported questionnaires consisted of nursing professionalism, career identity, and career preparation behavior from May 7 to May 25, 2012. The SPSS 18.0 Window program was used for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson`s correlational coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average score of nursing professionalism, career identity, and career preparation behavior was 3.76, 2.59, and 2.38 respectively. There were positive correlations between nursing professionalism and career identity, between career preparation behavior and nursing professionalism, and between career preparation behavior and career identity. Nursing professionalism and career identity were significant predictors of career preparation behavior. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a comprehensive intervention program to improve the nursing professionalism and career identity for inducing the effective career preparation behavior in nursing students.

The purpose of this study was to identify general population’s perception and attitude on euthanasia, which will be used as basic data for developing promotion. Data were collected from 231 adults in community. Data collection using face to face interview was done between the June and July in 2012. The descriptive statistics and Chi-square were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows 19.0 program. The results of this study showed that 182 people (78.8%) think that euthanasia should be legislated, 85 people (41.1%) permit euthanasia to the rage of voluntary one, and 122 people (58.9%) permit passive euthanasia. When the subject of voluntary euthanasia is the respondent of himself, people whose economic power is middle range(p=0.042) responded that they will undertake euthanasia. And related to the passive euthanasia, arrangement showed meaningful differences by age(p=0.031). When the subject of voluntary euthanasia is the respondent of other people, survey participant’s age(p<0.001), married state(p<0.001), religion(p=0.007), and economic state(p=0.024) created meaningful difference. For the subject of passive euthanasia, participant’s age(p,0.001), married state(p=0.006) created meaningful difference. In conclusion these results show that most general public responded that the legislation on euthanasia is required. And, age, economic state, married state, and religion seem to have an influence on their decision on euthanasia. Not only such a study of demographic and sociological correlation but various basic data on the legislation of euthanasia are need.

The purpose of this study was to explore the nurse image and job recognition of the male students in nursing. The research design was a descriptive study with a structured questionnaire. The participants included 172 male students in nursing by a convenience sample method and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected from September, to October, 2012, and analysed using SPSS/PC Win 17.0 program. Male nurse image of the male nurse students in nursing is professional career, pressing. Job recognition about the male nurse of the male students in nursing is physical strength and male nurse students want to work in special part at hospital. In conclusion, it is need to level up the nursing professionalism of male nurse and nursing education system should concern about male nursing student's specificity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate laughter index, self esteem, subjective happiness, quality of life in nursing college students. Method: The data were collected from 267 nursing college students by means of structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS version 18. Results: The measuring of respondents' laughter index revealed they scored an average of 88(±10.07) of the full score 120. The measuring of respondents' self esteem showed they marked an average of 30.72(±2.64) of the full score 50. The measuring of respondents' subjective happiness showed they marked an average of 15.09(±2.82) of the full score 20. The measuring of respondents' quality of life showed they marked an average of 132(±19.04) of the full score 235. The laughter index related to subjective happiness and quality of life in nursing college students were significantly correlated. Conclusion: This study showed that laughter index in nursing college students were correlated positively subjective happiness and quality of life. Further research is regarded as necessary to evaluate and to compare effects of laughter with physical health status.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image characteristics, self-esteem, and the tendency of interpersonal relations. Methods: The data was collected as a self-administered questionnaire survey method by the 443 men and women college students from 1st of April to 20th of April 2013 in a college located in Daejeon city. It was used by SPSSWIN 18.0 and analyzed by frequency and descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and multi regression analysis. Results: 1) In case of women students, perceived body-shape as obesity, body dissatisfaction, body-shape stress was high. In case of men students, perceived body-shape as thin was high. 2) The higher over weight, perceived body-shape as obesity, body satisfaction, the tendency of interpersonal relations was high in men students. 3) The factors that related to the tendency of interpersonal relations were self-esteem in men and women students and body-shape stress in women students. Conclusions: Since it was certified that body image characteristics and self-esteem were related with the tendency of interpersonal relations, therefore it necessarily should study more on these factors in detail afterward.

This study has shown that a leg crossed posture has an effect on pelvic alignment and low back muscle activity. Subjects are thirty healthy female. They divided into leg crossed group of 15 people and non leg crossed group of 15 people. Pelvic alignment have examined the difference between anatomical leg length and functional leg length, low back muscle activity have examined quadratus lumborum muscle and erector spinae muscle activity. Method of analysis was independent t-test (p<.05). As a result, anatomical leg length (p<.05) did not observed significant difference and Functional leg length (p<.05) did observed significant difference. Low back muscle activity shows significant difference in quadratus lumborum muscle and erector spinae muscle (p=.00). In conclusion, this study has you know that cross-legged sitting posture can cause to increase the length of opposite side of functional leg that is crossed. Also it can lead to the rise of muscle vitality in lumbar quadrate muscle and erector spinae muscle. Therefore the cross-legged sitting posture can cause differences in the length of both legs and it will lead to the tilting of the pelvis. As it tilts, it can break the alignment of the pelvis and cause imbalance of muscle vitality in our waist muscles. These results can be a factor of a disorder in muscle structure.