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This study has shown that a leg crossed posture has an effect on pelvic alignment and low back muscle activity. Subjects are thirty healthy female. They divided into leg crossed group of 15 people and non leg crossed group of 15 people. Pelvic alignment have examined the difference between anatomical leg length and functional leg length, low back muscle activity have examined quadratus lumborum muscle and erector spinae muscle activity. Method of analysis was independent t-test (p<.05). As a result, anatomical leg length (p<.05) did not observed significant difference and Functional leg length (p<.05) did observed significant difference. Low back muscle activity shows significant difference in quadratus lumborum muscle and erector spinae muscle (p=.00). In conclusion, this study has you know that cross-legged sitting posture can cause to increase the length of opposite side of functional leg that is crossed. Also it can lead to the rise of muscle vitality in lumbar quadrate muscle and erector spinae muscle. Therefore the cross-legged sitting posture can cause differences in the length of both legs and it will lead to the tilting of the pelvis. As it tilts, it can break the alignment of the pelvis and cause imbalance of muscle vitality in our waist muscles. These results can be a factor of a disorder in muscle structure.

This study was performed to health and medical radiological imaging of human spirituality in the field of scientific experiments based on reliable biological imaging can provide a basis for determining how the brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate about techniques. Survey of the major areas of medical radiation targeted at students who are majoring in worship, the state of mind at the time Frank was investigated by questionnaire to investigate. The results obtained in this questionnaire are as follows; Christians, non-Christians, for 37 people 63 people separated by a comparative analysis of these correlations were .516 (p <.01) with a statistically significant correlation appeared to be, Christians and non-Christians, .237 (p <.01) showed a significant correlation. College of Christian worship and Christian ethics lectures students in the hope my wish and will ensure the qualitative sincere prayers are with all of the 59.19 points, saying that God had promised to have the full faith and covenant to pray with thanksgiving that represented by 56.37 points, Christian students worship times compared to the non-Christian students focus on a very high interest is expected degrees. In conclusion, mental concentration during prayer, the true attitude changes in the brain of the brain fMRI techniques applied to compare the observed experimental studies we believe are worth.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change the muscle activity of the sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius during a walking with the backpack of different weight. We recruited 20 healthy volunteers of male 11 and female 9. Backpack weight were prepared 10％, 15％ and 2 0％. the volunteers completed to walk at a speed of 4 ㎞/h on a treadmill for 1 min with the backpack of three different weight at three time. Surface electromyograms were recorded from sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius for the change of muscle activity. EMG values were normalized by maximum muscle contractions (％maximum voluntary isometric contraction, MVIC). One-way repeated of ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni's correlation was used to compare activities according to the weight of backpack. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 19.0. The muscle activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle was significantly increased with backpack weight between 15％ and 20％(p<.05). The muscle activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle increased during walking with backpack weight between 10% and 15%. But there is no statistically difference( p>.05). The muscle activity of upper trapezius muscle was significantly decreased as backpack weight increases (p<.05). According to the results of this study, the muscle activity of neck flexor muscle was significantly increased as backpack weight increases. Therefore forward head posture is likely to be made by heavy backpack weight.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate laughter index, self esteem, subjective happiness, quality of life in nursing college students. Method: The data were collected from 267 nursing college students by means of structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS version 18. Results: The measuring of respondents' laughter index revealed they scored an average of 88(±10.07) of the full score 120. The measuring of respondents' self esteem showed they marked an average of 30.72(±2.64) of the full score 50. The measuring of respondents' subjective happiness showed they marked an average of 15.09(±2.82) of the full score 20. The measuring of respondents' quality of life showed they marked an average of 132(±19.04) of the full score 235. The laughter index related to subjective happiness and quality of life in nursing college students were significantly correlated. Conclusion: This study showed that laughter index in nursing college students were correlated positively subjective happiness and quality of life. Further research is regarded as necessary to evaluate and to compare effects of laughter with physical health status.

Objectives: To ascertain the indoor air quality of school buildings and to suggest the strategies for school environment management, some air pollutants were measured and analysed in 2012. Methods: The study subjects were 13 schools in Gyeonggi-do. PM10, CO2, formaldehyde, TAB(Total airborne bacteria), CO, VOCs were measured according to the 『School Health Act』of Korea. Results: The average total air borne bacteria 163.1CFU/m3, PM10 0.06mg/m3, CO2 1312ppm, formaldehyde 0.016ppm. Humidity is the amount of formaldehyde and(+) relationship, statistically significant differences(p<0.01), the humidity fine dust(PM10) and negative(-) relationship, showed a statistical significant difference(p<0.05). Conclusions: In a few schools, air pollutants exceeded the acceptable limits. Because nobody in schools complained discomfort over indoor air pollution, and most school members had little understanding of the school environment control, it was not easy to carried out the role as a school environment manager. Annual audit of all air pollutions designated in 『School Health Act』is inefficient in the light of cost and the human resources. Further study on the guideline for specific situations and the pollutants to audit, and the standards would be required.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and classify the effect of Christian Logotherapy. This study arranged types and effects of Christian Logotherapy according to method of P, I, C, and O and suggested basic data to use. The studies used in this study searched all of them using key words “logotherapy”, “christian”, “program” by KERIS, and analyzed 4 studies finally. As the result of study, the most using interventions were three basic philosophy and view of humanity in Christian Logotherapy. All interventions were effective and positive, but these programs were made of not realistic practice of activities of daily living but (Group) Counseling. Therefore, It is necessary to develop Christian Logo-Occupational therapy to help finding out the meaning of life through purposeful activity(“occupation”) with counseling.