Earticle

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality-based activities of daily living (ADL) training on ADL and rehabilitative motivation in patients with traumatic brain injury. Methods : This study was performed using a pre-post design with seven traumatically brain injured patients. Subjects were subjected to virtual reality-based ADL training for 30 minutes a day, 2 to 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Evaluation was conducted before and after the intervention using the Korean Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), Cognitive Functional Independence Measure (C-FIM), and Volitional Questionnaire (VQ). Changes before and after intervention were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and correlations were analyzed using Spearman’s coefficient. Results : After intervention, patients with traumatic brain injury showed significant improvements in K-MBI (p<.05). There was no significant change in total C-FIM score and VQ score (p>.05). Total C-FIM score correlated significantly with VQ score (p<.05, r=.755). The social cognition domain of C-FIM had a significant correlation with VQ score (p<.05, r=826). Conclusions : Virtual reality-based ADL training can improve ADL performance, but further research is needed to determine whether improvements in social cognition and rehabilitative motivation are possible.

Due to the development of technology even in learning and education area, many studies have begun to make a new attempts to research by using SNS, breaking away from traditional learning methods. However, the limitations of these studies are restricted only to the use of wireless Internet and writing on Web sites. This study aims to conduct a research on English learning activities that utilize various technologies such as Bigdata, Facebook, Social Network Services (SNS) and English applications. In addition, this study looks into how these modern technologies can be integrated in the classrooms and which activities can be applied in the English classroom. This research is to suggest effective English learning methods through a thorough investigation on the effectivity of various technologies based on the Web 2.0 such as Flickr, blogs, MySpace, and online discussion board within the context of the English learning. To verify the effect of the study, the subjects are divided into experimental and control group. The experiment is proceeded with pre- and post-test. The experimental group is designed to verify the effects using SNS tools such as Facebook, Bigdata, and Online Massive Learning. A survey is conducted to determine the preference of utilizing social networking sites and to analyze the effects in class. The result is that the average scores for experimental group have improved more than the average of control group. The comparison of pre and post-test of the experimental group shows that the significance of the higher and median group was statistically significant at the p<0.01.

본 연구는 부루마블 게임판 기반의 직무 점검표 제작 활동이 지적장애 성인의 반찬포장 및 배달 직무기술에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 목적을 두었다. 연구 참여자는 지적장애 특수학교를 졸업한 후 미취업의 상태로 가정에서 거주하는 지적장애 성인 세 명이다. 연구 설계는 단일대상연구의 참여자간 중다간헐 기초선 설계로 구성되었으며, 그룹홈 내 학습실 과 반찬 전문 사업체가 실험 환경으로 구성되었다. 독립변인은 참여자들이 반찬의 개수, 명칭, 이미지를 비롯한 배달 아파트 구역을 단서로 하여 부루마블 게임판으로 제작하고, 이와 연계하여 참여자들이 아파트에 직접 배달을 나가는 가상 시연의 절차가 구성되었다. 종속변인은 참여자들이 반찬 전문 사업체에서 직접 반찬을 포장하여 해당 구역의 아파트 로 배달을 수행하는 과제로 구성되었다. 연구 결과, 참여자들은 중재 활동을 통해 반찬포 장 및 배달 직무기술을 효과적으로 습득 및 일반화한 결과를 나타냈다. 이를 통해, 중재 활동과 종속변인 간에 유의미한 기능적 정합성을 결론지을 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of job checklist production activities based on the Blue Marble game board on side dish packaging and delivery job skills of adults with intellectual disabilities. Participants in the study were three adults with intellectual disabilities living at home without employment after graduating from a special school for intellectual disabilities. The research design was composed of a multiple probe design across participants in a single subject research, and the learning room in the group home and the side dish specialized business were composed of an experimental environment. The independent variable was made into a Blue Marble game board based on the number of side dishes, names, and images of delivery apartments, and in connection with this, a virtual demonstration procedure was organized in which participants delivered directly to the apartment. The dependent variable consisted of a tasks in which participants packaged side dishes directly from a side dish specialty business and delivered them to apartments in the area. As a result of the study, participants effectively acquired and generalized side dish packaging and delivery job skills through intervention activities. Through this, it was possible to conclude significant functional consistency between the intervention activity and the dependent variable.

The contributions of teachers in building foundation of social processes, promoting learners’ agency and engagements have been constantly highlighted. This study explores language socialization of English Language Learners (ELLs) in an elementary school in U.S., focusing on the role of an ESL teacher. It examines how the ESL teacher provides linguistic and cultural scaffolding, and creates a learning environment conducive to ELLs’ socialization into American school academic discourse (Gee, 1999). A prevalent approach for linguistic scaffolding was through using questions. Questions were used for assessment, identifying prior knowledge, current understanding level, and potential level for future development, and to train ELLs to think critically and analytically. Cultural scaffolding was made through classroom scripts, such as whole group and small group activities, individual work with teacher assistance, and working locations in the classrooms. The classroom script projected American values of power functioning, respect for individuals, and freedom of choice. The findings imply that ESL learners need more than linguistic scaffolding and having the knowledge of cultural learning dynamics could be crucial in multicultural students’ socialization into the mainstream American school discourse.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of game-based reading activities on the reading fluency and attitudes of elementary school students from multicultural families with reading difficulties. A multiple probe baseline design across subjects was used with three second-grade elementary school students from multicultural families struggling with reading in order to investigate the effect of game-utilized reading activities on their reading fluency and attitude. After the intervention, it was found that the reading fluency of all participating students had improved compared to the baseline, and their reading attitudes had also changed positively. These results indicate that game-based reading activities are an effective instructional method for improving reading in elementary students from multicultural families with reading difficulties. Furthermore, it suggests that game-based reading activities can be used as a useful instructional method to enhance the reading abilities of these students.

Task–based reading activities are of crucial value today, and consequently learners’ proficiency is more important than their abstract knowledge of language rules. It seems that learners’ familiarity with task-based reading activities may increase learners’ proficiency. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of task-based reading activities such as text completion and pupil generated questions on vocabulary learning and retention of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To conduct the study, three intact classes of learners who had already finished Top Notch Fundamental A and B (Saslow & Ausher, 2011) in previous semesters in an English language institute were selected as the participants of the study. To ensure the homogeneity of the participants, those who got a score between 30-47 from the total score of 60 in OPT were selected as the intermediate level for main participants of the study (N=47). As the data were normally distributed, one way ANOVA and repeated measure ANOVA were employed for the statistical analyses of the study. The findings indicated that using task-based reading activities such as text completion and pupil-generated questions has significant and meaningful impacts on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and retention. The implementations of the study are discussed.

For nearly two years, virtual learning has been employed by most Korean university instructors and students in online teaching environment. A major negative result of prior research on this issue has been a feeling of isolation and desire for more interactions by students. Therefore, this study was conducted to elicit student insights and feelings related to their satisfaction, self-ratings, and advantages and disadvantages of online Teacher-led (TL) versus Student-led (SL) team activities in their online learning environment. A total of 53 freshman students in two general English classes took part in four Zoom group meetings. The surveys and reflection essay were analyzed through qualitative methods. Major findings included: students from both the TL and SL groups reported relatively higher satisfaction and self-ratings of English skills through the four team activities. However, the TL group indicated that there was a lack of emphasis on reading skills, and an overreliance on teacher interventions led to a lack of team cooperation. While the SL group reported that a lack of teacher interaction led to confusion, poor time management, increased Korean use, and fewer listening comprehension opportunities. Implications and a discussion of team activity use in general English programs are included.

The purpose of this study stressed on the challenge of developing context-based enrichment activities that will make connections between the concepts taught in the General and Inorganic Chemistry course taken by the General Engineering students at the Bulacan State University-Bustos Campus. The sample of the study included 50 second year General Engineering students from Bulacan State University – Bustos Campus as well as 10 chemistry instructors from the Meneses, Bustos and Malolos campuses of Bulacan State University. A need analysis and evaluation sheet of the developed contextbased enrichment activities in General and Inorganic Chemistry adapted in the study of Basilio (2006) and in consonance to the characteristics of Contextual Teaching and Learning defined by Wilson and Clifford (2000) were used to collect data related to the needs of the students to come up with an instructional material that will connect chemistry concepts to their lives and to validate the developed enrichment activities respectively. Results revealed the topics that has high relevance to the students were, gas laws, physical changes, conversion of units, factors affecting rate of solution, factors affecting solubility, types of solution, properties of solutions, variables in gases, chemical changes, substances and mixtures, states of matter, factors affecting reaction rates, types of chemical reactions, compounds, elements, ways of separating mixtures, pH and pOH, rate of reaction, colloids and concentration of solution, and these are the topics contained in the enrichment activities. The students also replied that there is a need to come up with an instructional material that will connect these concepts to their lives since these are fundamental concepts and the contextual approach will aid the convenience of learning such concepts and to enhance enduring knowledge. The evaluation of the instructors to the enrichment activities scored an acceptable mark and was commended as useful and applicable.

Background/Objectives: This research aspires to develop context-based enrichment activities that will make an interrelation between the concepts taught in Grade 9 Mathematics in Angat National High School at Taboc, Angat, Bulacan to the lives of the students. Methods/Statistical analysis: The sample of the study included 35 students. Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach can be used to address this study. Using the survey questionnaires, results revealed the topics that has perceived low relevance to the students were, law of sine, law of cosine, angle of elevation and depression, quadratic inequalities, applications on quadratic function, equations transformable into quadratic equation, oblique triangles, trigonometric ratios and special angle, solving quadratic equations by completing the square and graphs of quadratic function, and these are the topics contained in the enrichment activities. Findings: The students also replied that there is a need to come up with an instructional material that will connect these concepts to their lives and to improve their knowledge, abilities and skills, to monitor their assimilation of information, and to contribute to their overall development and upbringing. Improvements/Applications: The evaluation of the instructors to the enrichment activities scored an admissible mark and was complimented as useful and applicable.

본 연구는 환경, 사회, 지배구조(ESG) 위험, 재벌기업 및 기부활동 사이의 상관관계를 분석하 였다. 2010부터 2020년까지 11년의 연구 기간 동안 한국거래소 유가증권 시장에 상장 되어있 는 기업의 기부활동 비용 데이터를 활용하여 ESG위험이 높은 재벌기업이 기부활동에 더 많이 참여하는지 살펴본다. ESG위험과 기부활동사이에는 전반적으로 긍정적인 관계가 보이지만, ESG 관련 부정적인 뉴스에 노출된 재벌기업은 오히려 기부금 지출을 줄인다는 사실을 발견하였다. 게다가 재벌기업의 기부활동은 장기적으로 기업가치를 하락 시킨다는 것을 확인했다. 이는 재벌 의 기부활동이 ESG위험을 관리하기 위한 효과적인 수단이 아니며 자본시장의 이해관계자들은 재벌기업의 기부활동을 긍정적으로 평가하지 않는 다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 재벌 기업의 기부활동이 일종의 ‘한국형 그린워싱’일 수 있으며, 소비자와 투자자가 재벌기업의 기부활의 진 실성에 대해 의심할 필요가 있음을 지적하고 있다.

This study examines the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk, chaebol firms, and donation activities. Using the measure of donation expenses seen in 2010~2020 Korea Exchange-listed firms, we examine whether chaebol firms with high ESG risk engage in more donation activities for sustainable management. We find that chaebol firms exposed to ESG-related negative events reduce donation expenditure, despite the positive relation between ESG risk and donation activities in general. Moreover, the donation activities of chaebol firms have a negative effect on firm value. This indicates that the chaebol’s donation activities are not an effective means for ESG risk management and do not seem to be evaluated positively in the capital market. This study points out that chaebol firms’ donation activities may be a form of “Korean greenwashing,” and it contributes to the existing literature by implying how consumers and investors should view donation activities.

The value of Chasity, Purelove or Absolute Sex is crucial in Unification Movement. Marital love is located at the center of the ideal of true family in the teachings of Family Federation for World Peace and Unity, and this marital love is maintained through chastity before marriage and fidelity after marriage. Since sexual purity is an important value of the FFWPU, the Purelove movement is one of the many social movements developed by the FFWPU. The purpose of this study is to review activities of ‘Korea Youth Purelove Movement’ and suggest policy implication of the movement. I chose ‘Korea Youth Purelove Movement’ as a case, since the Founder of FFWPU used the KYPM for providential reasons on the importance of youth chastity based on Unification Principle and Unification Thought. In addition, KYPM is one of the places where the Founder’s ideology of Purelove met with public. Therefore, this KYPM’s activities are organically linked to the establishment of department of Pure Love and the development of ‘Pure Love Studies’ Also, I reckon there are still KYPM has contributions left in the school-based sex education in Korea. This study reviews the contents of activities of the KYPM in the three dimensions of structure, culture, and teacher-student interaction derived from previous research. It also suggests a direction of future activities as a venue that can apply Purelove studies to real life. Previous studies on the subject of Purelove studies have been developed at the general level. They researched the academic definition of Purelove on the Unification Thought and the Founder’s teachings. Some studies have applied its practical application. More concrete and specified researches in the field of Purelove should be conducted.􀀅 In particular, compared to international research trends, Purelove is devalued as an outdated value linked to patriarchy in the research of school-based sex education. Purelove needs to be thoroughly studied and given meaning again as a value that establishes the safety and health of adolescents.

This study aims to investigate how reading texts and activities are presented in the 6th grade English textbooks of the 2015 revised national curriculum, concerning students’ cognitive process and knowledge dimension based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy. One hundred and forty-one (141) reading text types and 291 reading activities are examined from 5 English textbooks. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the overall distribution of cognitive process dimension is found in the ‘Remember section’ with 50.52% which indicate the primary students’ learning is focused on retrieving or identifying simple information of the written text or the patterned English expressions embedded in the text. Second, similarly, for knowledge dimension, factual knowledge is found to be the predominant category with 84.19%, which is relevant to lexical knowledge or knowledge of specific details. Third, according to these converged dimensions of knowledge and cognitive process in primary English reading activities and reading texts, the study suggests to provide diverse reading texts and activities which could facilitate other cognitive processes and knowledge in primary English textbooks.

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the Home-based Multi-component Activity Program (Home-MAP) for the maintenance activities of daily living (ADL) for patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and on caregiver burden for caregivers. Methods : Nine mild AD patients and family caregivers. The Home-MAP was performed 1d/wk, for a total of 10 times over 10 weeks. Results : After the 10 sessions, participants’ motor and process skills scores on the AMPS were found to have significantly improved (p=.028 and p=.028, respectively). The BPSD frequency score on the R-MBPC was found to be significantly reduced (p=.017). The BPSD symptoms related to caregiver reaction score on the R-MBPC and distress score on the NPI-Q were significantly reduced (p=.039 and p=.018, respectively). Conclusions : The Home-MAP appears to have contributed to the improvement of patients’ capabilities in performing in ADL, to a reduction of BPSD, and to a reduction of burden related to BPSD.

The purpose of this research is to elucidate the educational significance for participating students of eSports club activities at high schools in Japan. It was decided to focus on students at four types of schools — public full-time ordinary course, public full-time technical course, private full-time ordinary course, and correspondence — affiliated with the North America Scholastic eSports Federation JAPAN (NASEF JAPAN). From these schools, students were selected at random according to grade level and sex ratio, and four focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted, one in each school, with groups of six students each. The analysis was conceptualized and illustrated using the KJ method. This survey showed that there are commonalities in educational significance that can be achieved, even when school types differ, and that they can be achieved taking as a starting point the sociability and companions cultivated in club activities, i.e., <Sociability of advancing together with companions> and <Existence of companions to share growth>. Also, it was suggested that broadening of career development varies depending on whether, through eSports club activities, there is recognition of activities mindful of relationships and contact points between eSports and society, and whether there is recognition of eSports-specific specialized activities. On the other hand, specialized human resources education connected with development of industry through specialization for eSports is also likely to be significant, particularly at correspondence schools. Generally speaking, eSports club activities are connected with developing understanding of career education, and they are likely to be significant in allowing high school students who participate in eSports club activities to recognize that they are an opportunity for surveying the future, while touching on diverse values and having the same significance as sports.iamge

본 연구는 기업의 환경·사회·지배구조(ESG) 활동이 조직구성원의 기업가적 행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고, 이러한 영향이 나타나는 심리적·맥락적 조건을 규명하고자 하였다. 심리적 소유감 이론을 기반으로, 본 연구는 ESG 활동과 조직구성원의 기업가적 행동 간의 관계에서 조직기반 심리적 소유감의 매개효과와 개인–조직 적합성의 조절효과를 검증하는 조절된 매개모형을 제안하였다. 기술집약적 산업에 종사하는 국내 정규직 근로자 279명을 대상으로 PROCESS 매크로를 활용하여 분석한 결과, ESG 활동에 대한 조직구성원의 인식은 조직에 대한 심리적 소유감을 증대시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 심리적 소유감은 혁신성, 주도성, 위험감수성을 특징으로 하는 기업가적 행동을 촉진하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 개인–조직 적합성은 ESG 활동과 조직기반 심리적 소유감 간의 관계를 조절하여, 개인–조직 적합성이 낮을수록 조직기반 심리적 소유감을 매개로 한 ESG 활동의 간접효과가 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 ESG 활동이 조직구성원의 기업가적 행동으로 이어지는 심리적 메커니즘을 실증적으로 규명함으로써 ESG 연구와 조직행동 연구의 확장을 위한 중요한 시사점을 제공한다.

The present study examines how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities influence employees’ entrepreneurial behavior and identifies the psychological and contextual conditions under which these effects occur. Drawing on psychological ownership theory, the study proposes a moderated mediation model in which organization-based psychological ownership mediates the relationship between employees’ perceptions of ESG activities and entrepreneurial behavior, while person-organization fit moderates the first stage of this indirect relationship. Data were collected from 279 full-time Korean employees working in technology-intensive industries. The results from the PROCESS macro indicated that employees’ perceptions of ESG activities enhanced their psychological ownership toward the organization, which in turn fostered entrepreneurial behavior characterized by innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking. In addition, person-organization fit moderated the relationship between ESG activities and organization-based psychological ownership, such that the indirect effect of ESG activities on entrepreneurial behavior through organization-based psychological ownership was stronger when person-organization fit was lower. Overall, the study provides important implications for advancing ESG research and the organizational behavior literature by identifying the psychological mechanism through which ESG practices translate into employees’ entrepreneurial behavior.

The purpose of marketing via Facebook is to convince consumers to become fans of a brand. Facebook constructs virtual brand communities that enable brand fans to interact with these brands. This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of fan participation characterized by the breadth and depth of brand fans’ like, comment, and share activities. An empirical analysis with 204 survey respondents reveals that expected benefits, such as brand information, social interaction ties, playfulness, and incentive, have positive effects on fan participation. Furthermore, fan participation increases fan’s attitudinal loyalty, which then positively affects behavioral loyalty. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings as well as future research directions are also discussed.