년 - 년
개신어문학회 개신어문연구 제33집 2011.06 pp.315-343
...Yu, Chi-Hwan's poems that perplexes the critics to yield contradictory remarks. This paper focuses on that his love poems were excluded as a weaker counterpoint to his poems of 'will' or seen even as the failure of his attempt to maintain his 'will'. I argue that it was only a superficial reading of his own words that 'I would not wallow in love and hatred,' not a result of actual analysis of his love poems. His love poems were not at all his failure in expressing the world of will power. He maintained the world of sentiment and love by his own will and love acquired a special meaning for him as a self-purification mechanism and a medium to alert his sense of solitude. As the sentiment of his love poems alerted him to his solitude, the senses and sentiments accrued from it rarely remained as such but elevated to reasoning and will. Solitude in his poems rarely meant to express a sentiment but was a crucial step stone of contemplation and reflection towards the wholistic being, his ultimate aim. That even love was animated by will was the unique sentiment and characteristic of Yu's poems. Of course this will was the spiritual power of the poetic self that persisted for self-elevation. Therefore, his love poems should be understood as another form of his willed expression for his endless strife for self-elevation, not raw sentiment revealed when he lost his will power.
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6,900원
The coexistence of will and sentiment is a great characteristic of Yu, Chi-Hwan's poems that perplexes the critics to yield contradictory remarks. This paper focuses on that his love poems were excluded as a weaker counterpoint to his poems of 'will' or seen even as the failure of his attempt to maintain his 'will'. I argue that it was only a superficial reading of his own words that 'I would not wallow in love and hatred,' not a result of actual analysis of his love poems. His love poems were not at all his failure in expressing the world of will power. He maintained the world of sentiment and love by his own will and love acquired a special meaning for him as a self-purification mechanism and a medium to alert his sense of solitude. As the sentiment of his love poems alerted him to his solitude, the senses and sentiments accrued from it rarely remained as such but elevated to reasoning and will. Solitude in his poems rarely meant to express a sentiment but was a crucial step stone of contemplation and reflection towards the wholistic being, his ultimate aim. That even love was animated by will was the unique sentiment and characteristic of Yu's poems. Of course this will was the spiritual power of the poetic self that persisted for self-elevation. Therefore, his love poems should be understood as another form of his willed expression for his endless strife for self-elevation, not raw sentiment revealed when he lost his will power.
6,700원
豊西 柳應斗의 「農謳十四章」에 대한 고찰 KCI 등재
열상고전연구회 열상고전연구 제57집 2017.06 pp.361-404
...Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗; 1847~1914)'s 「Nonggusipsajang(農謳十四章)」 is a piece of reviewing the old and learning the new from Gang, Heemaeng(姜希孟; 1424~1483)'s 「Nonggu農謳」. By the way, it has many almost more than double of Gang, Heemaeng's stanza number(句數). With that at that times Farmers' reality and their psychological aspect were described in detail and expression rhetorics was fine. Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗)'s 「Nonggusipsajang(農謳十四章)」's contents characters can be divided 9 variety. At first, Wuyang(雨暘)'s intuition(直感性) of benefit and King's Eunmiseong(隱微性) of benefit, second, diligent and idle, the cognition of difference from the result, third, prevention of flood damage(旱水害) according to utilization of farm machines and implements and gap of rich and poor(貧富), fourth, advice of the Court bureaucrat promotion contrast with(對比) weed removal, fifth, pride of farming income through physical working, sixth, importance of serving time and utility of elevenses, seventh, satisfaction(滿足) from minimum level of starvation solution(飢餓解決), eighth, food, clothing, shelter housing(住居), dietary life(食生活) level by projection(投影) cry of water hen, ninth, appreciation(吟味) of Sesim(洗心) state(境地) and washing foot(濯足) after crop management. Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗)'s 「Nonggusipsajang(農謳十四章)」 was composed imitated of form of Gang, Heemaeng(姜希孟)'s 「Nonggu農謳」. However, he described reality of farming in his poems in detail at that times so factuality(寫實性) was high. And He suggested properly encouragement(勸勉性) and Instructive(敎訓性). Therefore Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗)'s 「Nonggusipsajang(農謳十四章)」 was an excellent work which can be known the difficult reality of farming in farm village of Huang- haedo(黃海道) district in North Korea contemporary late 1800 years to early 1900 years, so ti can be given the meaning.
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9,100원
柳應斗(1847~1914)의 「農謳十四章」은 姜希孟(1424~1483)의 「農謳」를 온고지신한 작품이다. 유응두가 「農謳十四章」을 지은 목적은, 열심히 농사를 잘 지어 생활을 풍요롭게 해야 한다는 마음을, 노래를 통해 暗誦하게 하여 지속적으로 농사에 열중하고자하는 마음을 갖도록 하는데 있었다. 유응두는 韻字를 붙이는데 있어 章의 제목을 기억연상하기 쉽게 제목에 들어있는 글자를 운자로 썼다. 즉 유응두는 <誇農>에 韻字를 붙이는데 있어 2구, 4구, 6구, 8구, 10구, 12구, 14구, 16구, 18구에 農字를 붙였다. 제 1구에도 붙였다. 농사를 짓는 것이 중요하다는 점을 강조한 것이며 노래를 듣는 사람으로 하여금 농사에 대한 자긍심을 갖도록 하기 위한 조치이다. 이렇듯 유응두는 조선말 곤궁한 시대에 살면서 농사를 통한 민생안정을 도모하고자 했던 것이다. 유응두의 「農謳十四章」의 내용의 특징을 9가지로 분류해볼 수 있다. 첫 째 雨暘의 혜택의 直感性과 임금의 혜택의 隱微性, 둘째 근면함과 나태함 그 결과의 차이에 대한 인식, 섯째 농기구의 활용에 따른 旱水害 예방과 貧富의 격차, 넷째 잡초 제거와 對比하여 조정 관료 등용에 대한 충언, 다섯째 육체노동을 통한 농사 소득에 대한 자부심, 여섯 째 새참의 효용과 그 제공시간의 중요성, 일곱 째 飢餓解決의 최저 수준에 滿足, 여덟 째 물닭의 울음소리에 投影된 住居 食生活의 수준, 아홉 째 농작물의 관리 후 濯足하며 洗心의 境地 吟味이다. 유응두의 「農謳十四章」은 강희맹의 「農謳」의 형식을 본떠 지었다. 그러나 그는 그의 시에 당시 농민의 실상을 상세히 묘사하여 寫實性이 높다. 따라서 유응두의 「農謳十四章」은 1800년 대 말 1900년대 초 지금 북한 황해도지역 농촌의 어려운 농경 실상을 여실히 알 수 있는 수작이라 할 수 있다. 李衡祥(1653~1733)의 강희맹의 「農謳」를 본떠 「次農謳」와 「後農謳」를 지었다. 조선말 유응두는 강희맹의 「農謳」의 형식과 구조를 본떠 「농구십사장」은 지었다. 유응두는 형식적인 면에서는 강희맹의 농구를 본떴으나 구조적인 면에서 句數를 거의 2배 이상 늘였다. 그러다 보니 내용을 풍부하게 묘사하여 사실성과 구체성이 뛰어나 당시의 정황을 잘 알 수 있다. 그리고 권면성과 교훈성도 제시되어 있다. 이렇듯 유응두의 「농구십사장」은 한문학의 전통을 근대까지 계승하여 그 맥을 이었다고 그 문학사적 의의를 부여할 수 있다.
Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗; 1847~1914)'s 「Nonggusipsajang(農謳十四章)」 is a piece of reviewing the old and learning the new from Gang, Heemaeng(姜希孟; 1424~1483)'s 「Nonggu農謳」. By the way, it has many almost more than double of Gang, Heemaeng's stanza number(句數). With that at that times Farmers' reality and their psychological aspect were described in detail and expression rhetorics was fine. Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗)'s 「Nonggusipsajang(農謳十四章)」's contents characters can be divided 9 variety. At first, Wuyang(雨暘)'s intuition(直感性) of benefit and King's Eunmiseong(隱微性) of benefit, second, diligent and idle, the cognition of difference from the result, third, prevention of flood damage(旱水害) according to utilization of farm machines and implements and gap of rich and poor(貧富), fourth, advice of the Court bureaucrat promotion contrast with(對比) weed removal, fifth, pride of farming income through physical working, sixth, importance of serving time and utility of elevenses, seventh, satisfaction(滿足) from minimum level of starvation solution(飢餓解決), eighth, food, clothing, shelter housing(住居), dietary life(食生活) level by projection(投影) cry of water hen, ninth, appreciation(吟味) of Sesim(洗心) state(境地) and washing foot(濯足) after crop management. Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗)'s 「Nonggusipsajang(農謳十四章)」 was composed imitated of form of Gang, Heemaeng(姜希孟)'s 「Nonggu農謳」. However, he described reality of farming in his poems in detail at that times so factuality(寫實性) was high. And He suggested properly encouragement(勸勉性) and Instructive(敎訓性). Therefore Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗)'s 「Nonggusipsajang(農謳十四章)」 was an excellent work which can be known the difficult reality of farming in farm village of Huang- haedo(黃海道) district in North Korea contemporary late 1800 years to early 1900 years, so ti can be given the meaning.
한국춤의 어원에 관한 연구 - 유(遊)와 축(祝)을 중심으로 - KCI 등재후보
한양대학교 예술과 과학기술연구소(구 한양대학교 우리춤연구소) 예술과 과학기술(구 우리춤과 과학기술) 제6집 2008.06 pp.75-97
...Yu, (遊, play), Cuk(祝, pray) among the Character in Jiauwen that ancient Korean people used, under the topic of etymology of Korean dance. The reason for regarding Yu,(遊, play) as an etymology is that l)ja(子, son), a successor of a position, is an honorable title of a priest, 2)hag(行, go) of human and nature is a walking footstep, 3)Yu,(遊, play), with a clean conscience, is a free movement. The reason for regarding Cuk(祝, pray) as an etymology is that 1) e (二, two) is a prayer for an ideal world, 2) an acquisition of transcendental energy through the sun, moon and stars and 3)Cuk(祝, pray) is the maintenance and unity of a community.
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6,000원
한국춤은 한국인들의 삶이 농축된 대표적 문화예술이고 이러한 춤의 근원을 찾기 위해서는 우리의 문화권내에 있는 상징적 메시지인 유물, 유적 등의 실증자료와 문헌에 의존할 수밖에 없다. 고대로 올라갈수록 지형학적으로 순우리말과 한자(漢字)말을 함께 쓰는 한자 문화권에 속해 있었던 우리나라의 경우, 그때의 춤이 어떤 욕구와 동기로부터 비롯되었는가는 우선 문헌에 나타난 기호, 즉 한자의 시원을 통해서 파 악할 수 있다. 따라서 고도의 상징성을 지니고 인간 내적 과정을 표출하는 기호, 즉 문자의 시원을 통해 한국춤의 기원과 성격을 가늠해보고자 문화인류학 과 사고학적 관점에서 고대 한민족이 사용했던 문자 중 유(遊) , 축(祝)을 선정하여 연구하였다. 이는 춤과 무(舞) , 무(巫)의 어원과 그 관련성으로 가늠 했던 그동안 연구에서 한걸음 나아가 한국춤의 근원적 성격을 재검증하고 확 대 해석할 수 있는 단초를 마련하고자 하는 점에서 의의가 있다고 사료된다. 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유(遊)에서 자(子)는 직위의 계승자로 제사장의 존칭이며 행(行)은 인간이 자연과 함께하는 발자취로 마음 가는대로 가는 즉흥적인 움직임을 형상화한 문자이다. 둘째, 축(祝)은 시(示) 즉 이(二)와 소(小) , 그리고 형(兄)이 결합된 자이 다. 하늘을 뜻하는 이(二)는 이상 세계에 대한 기원이며 소(小)는 해(日) 달 (月) 별(星)을 의미한다. 또한 형(兄)은 춤추는 사람을 의미하면서 공동체적 춤의 축제인 판문화의 성격인 초월적 에너지획득을 통한 즉 공동체 사회의 유지와 결속을 형상화시킨 문자로 한국춤의 성격을 내포하고 있다.
This project exammes an Etymological Meaning of Korea dance. The purpose of this research is to determine how character in Jiauwen, helps us understand the aesthetic values and traditional world view of Koreans as expressed in their dance. Drawing from and extending upon the theories of Byoung-Ok Lee (1993), Bung-Ho Jung (2004), Su-Bam Sung (1988), Sa-Hun Jung (1977), this dissertation is the first to take a an Etymological Meaning of Korea dance approach to analyze Korean dance specifically in order to understand its own inner system and social-cultural meaning. These concepts are reflected in the uniqueness of the life and ideology of ancient society. In this study, I've selected and studied Yu, (遊, play), Cuk(祝, pray) among the Character in Jiauwen that ancient Korean people used, under the topic of etymology of Korean dance. The reason for regarding Yu,(遊, play) as an etymology is that l)ja(子, son), a successor of a position, is an honorable title of a priest, 2)hag(行, go) of human and nature is a walking footstep, 3)Yu,(遊, play), with a clean conscience, is a free movement. The reason for regarding Cuk(祝, pray) as an etymology is that 1) e (二, two) is a prayer for an ideal world, 2) an acquisition of transcendental energy through the sun, moon and stars and 3)Cuk(祝, pray) is the maintenance and unity of a community.
구당 유길준의 ‘도덕(道德)’ 개념에 대한 소고 -후쿠자와 유키치와의 비교를 중심으로- KCI 등재
범한철학회 범한철학 제108집 2023.03 pp.5-41
...Yu, Kil Chun, a politician and thinker who lived in a turbulent period at the end of the Joseon Dynasty, compared to that of Fukuzawa Yukichi. ⓐ For this purpos e, this study f irs t examined Fukuzawa's ‘view of moral’. He defined moral as a personal virtue, focused on enhancing the role of intellect rather than moral, and did not expect much the effect of moral education. ⓑ Next, this study examined Yu, Kil Chun's ‘view of moral’. He saw that moral plays a major role in the achievement of civilization, thought moral education was important, a nd acknowledged t hat t he a reas to which moral w as applied could be widely expanded. Because of such a big difference in ‘view of moral’, Fukuzawa's ‘view of civilization’ was contradictory and violent against others, while Yu, Kil Chun's ‘view of enlightenment’ took on a universal, moral, and nonviolent nature. ⓒ Finally, this study examined two implications that can be derived from Yu, Kil Chun's ‘view of moral’. The first, it allows us to specifically examine the use of the concept of ‘moral’ used in the modern era of Korea. And second, it provides a mes sage about how competition and moral should relate to each other in a society of infinite competition.
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8,100원
본 연구의 목적은, 구한말의 격변기를 살았던 정치인이자 사상가 유길준의 ‘도덕관’을 후 쿠자와 유키치의 도덕관과 비교해 살펴보고, 향후 개념사(史)적 시사점을 도출하기 위한 초 석을 다지는 것이다. ⓐ 이 목적을 위해 본 연구에서는 먼저 문명론의 개략을 분석하여 후쿠자와의 도덕관을 살펴보았는데, 그는 도덕을 기본적으로 사덕(私德, 개인적 도덕)으로 규정하였고, 도덕보다는 지력의 역할을 높이는 데 논의의 초점을 맞추었으며, 따라서 도덕 교육이 지니는 효용에 대해서도 크게 기대하지 않았다. ⓑ 다음으로 서유견문과 노동야 학독본을 분석하여 유길준의 도덕관을 살펴보았는데, 그는 문명화의 달성 여부 판단에 있 어 도덕이 주요 척도로 작용한다고 보았고, 도덕교육의 중요성도 높이 여겼으며, 도덕의 적 용 범위 역시 폭넓은 확장이 가능함을 인정하였다. 이렇게 도덕관에 적지 않은 차이가 있었 던 까닭에, 후쿠자와의 ‘문명관’은 모순적이고 타자에 대해 폭력적이었던 반면에, 유길준의 ‘개화관’은 보편적이고 당위적이며 비폭력적인 성격을 띠었다. ⓒ 끝으로 본 연구에서는 유 길준의 도덕관에서 엿볼 수 있는 시사점을 한두 가지 제시하였는데, 첫째는 근대에 사용되 던 ‘도덕’ 개념을 통시적으로 조망하게끔 하는 데 기여할 수 있다는 것이고, 둘째는 경쟁이 가속화되는 무한 경쟁의 사회에서 경쟁과 도덕이 서로 어떤 방식으로 자리매김해야 하는지 에 대한 메시지를 제공할 수 있다는 것이다.
The purpos e o f this s tudy i s to examine the ‘ view o f moral’ o f Yu, Kil Chun, a politician and thinker who lived in a turbulent period at the end of the Joseon Dynasty, compared to that of Fukuzawa Yukichi. ⓐ For this purpos e, this study f irs t examined Fukuzawa's ‘view of moral’. He defined moral as a personal virtue, focused on enhancing the role of intellect rather than moral, and did not expect much the effect of moral education. ⓑ Next, this study examined Yu, Kil Chun's ‘view of moral’. He saw that moral plays a major role in the achievement of civilization, thought moral education was important, a nd acknowledged t hat t he a reas to which moral w as applied could be widely expanded. Because of such a big difference in ‘view of moral’, Fukuzawa's ‘view of civilization’ was contradictory and violent against others, while Yu, Kil Chun's ‘view of enlightenment’ took on a universal, moral, and nonviolent nature. ⓒ Finally, this study examined two implications that can be derived from Yu, Kil Chun's ‘view of moral’. The first, it allows us to specifically examine the use of the concept of ‘moral’ used in the modern era of Korea. And second, it provides a mes sage about how competition and moral should relate to each other in a society of infinite competition.
유형원 철학에서 실리(實理)의 적용 방식 KCI 등재
범한철학회 범한철학 제49집 2008.06 pp.1-29
...Yu, Hyong Won's theory of substantial reason succeeded to the system and ultimate goal of Cheng-Zhu's theory of Li and Gi, it was different from Cheng-Zhu's in practical ways. Previous researchers have defined the thought of Yu Hyong Won as either a ‘Li-orientated thought’ in terms of affirming Cheng-Zhu study or a ‘GI-orientated thought’ in terms of denying one. Even though their opposing views, they all agree with this suggestion that Yu Hyong Won goes beyond Cheng-Zhu study by emphasizing the available practical and positive knowledges. However, I suggest that Yu Hyong Won's theory of substantial reason succeed to the philosophical system of Cheng-Zhu study in view of the fact that Yu Hyong Won emphasizes ‘the originality of LI’ and still pursues ‘the realization of moral ideal.’ Yu Hyoung Won suggests the direct and practical way which includes ‘morality,’ applying substantial reason to the law and institution while Cheng-Zhu views Li as ‘the ground of morality’ and tries to achieve the ultimate goal according to Li. Thus, Cheng-Zhu's idea of Li is changed and applied as a concrete social principle in Yu Hyong Won's view. Yu Hyong Won intends to make a state comfortable and tries to realize the moral ideal through realization of it's law and institutions based on tao. Yu, Hyong Won's philosophy makes sense for the following reason by applying the theory of substantial reason[實理] to an institution.: first, it shows that Cheng-Zhu's idea of Li has the possibility of being available in many levels. second, it suggests a new way to solve various practical problems by applying Li to the social levels.
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6,900원
본 논문의 주된 목적은 유형원의 실리론이 정주 이기론의 체계와 궁극적 목적을 계승하며, 단지 그 실현 방법만을 달리했다는 점을 드러내는 것이다. 기존의 연구는 유형원의 철학을 두고 정주학을 긍정하는 차원에서 ‘리 중심적 사유’로 규정하거나, 정주학을 회의하는 차원에서 ‘기 중심적 사유’로 규정한다. 이렇듯 상반된 견해 차이에도 불구하고 이들은 모두 유형원이 현실 적용 가능한 실제적ㆍ실증적 지식을 강조함으로써 ‘정주학을 극복’하고 있다고 주장한다. 그러나 필자는 유형원의 실리론이 ‘리의 본원성’을 강조한다는 점에서, 그리고 ‘도덕 이상의 실현’을 여전히 지향한다는 점에서 ‘회의’와 ‘극복’이 아닌, 정주의 철학 체계를 그대로 계승한다고 본다. 다만 실리를 ‘법ㆍ제도’에 적용함으로써 ‘규범성’을 갖춘 실질적ㆍ직접적인 실현 방법을 제시했을 뿐이다. 이는 정주가 리를 ‘도덕적 근거’로 제시하고 ‘권유’를 통해 그 궁극의 목적을 이루려 했던 것과 다른 점이다. 이처럼 정주의 리는 유형원에 와서 구체적 사회 원리로 전환, 응용된다. 유형원은 도(道)를 담은 ‘법ㆍ제도의 실현’으로 국가의 안정을 이루고, 이를 기반으로 ‘도덕 이상’을 실현시키려 했다. 유형원 실리의 제도적 전개는 첫째 정주의 ‘리’가 여러 차원으로 응용될 수 있는 가능성을 확인해준다는 점에서, 둘째 ‘리’를 사회적 차원으로 전환시켜 응용함으로써 다차원적인 현실 문제를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 방향을 제시한다는 점에서 그 의미를 갖는다.
The main purpose of this paper is to show that although Yu, Hyong Won's theory of substantial reason succeeded to the system and ultimate goal of Cheng-Zhu's theory of Li and Gi, it was different from Cheng-Zhu's in practical ways. Previous researchers have defined the thought of Yu Hyong Won as either a ‘Li-orientated thought’ in terms of affirming Cheng-Zhu study or a ‘GI-orientated thought’ in terms of denying one. Even though their opposing views, they all agree with this suggestion that Yu Hyong Won goes beyond Cheng-Zhu study by emphasizing the available practical and positive knowledges. However, I suggest that Yu Hyong Won's theory of substantial reason succeed to the philosophical system of Cheng-Zhu study in view of the fact that Yu Hyong Won emphasizes ‘the originality of LI’ and still pursues ‘the realization of moral ideal.’ Yu Hyoung Won suggests the direct and practical way which includes ‘morality,’ applying substantial reason to the law and institution while Cheng-Zhu views Li as ‘the ground of morality’ and tries to achieve the ultimate goal according to Li. Thus, Cheng-Zhu's idea of Li is changed and applied as a concrete social principle in Yu Hyong Won's view. Yu Hyong Won intends to make a state comfortable and tries to realize the moral ideal through realization of it's law and institutions based on tao. Yu, Hyong Won's philosophy makes sense for the following reason by applying the theory of substantial reason[實理] to an institution.: first, it shows that Cheng-Zhu's idea of Li has the possibility of being available in many levels. second, it suggests a new way to solve various practical problems by applying Li to the social levels.
魏晉ㆍ南北朝 시대의 군사무술과 민간무술에 대한 스포츠인류학적 탐색
한국스포츠인류학회 스포츠인류학연구 제7권 1호 2012.06 pp.107-134
...yung training method, which was related to martial arts while Taoism and Buddhism developed.
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이 연구는 魏晉ㆍ南北朝 시대를 중심으로 군사무술과 민간무술의 발달 배경과 무술의 유형을 탐색해 봄으로써 스포츠인류학적 지식 체계를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이와 관련하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 오랜시간의 전쟁에서 요구되는 군사무술의 발달이 증진되었으며, 타민족과의 분합(分合)으로 인하여 무술 교류가 자연스럽게 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 병역제도(兵役制度)는 병사 선발과 훈련 과정에서 군사무술의 높은 기량을 요구하였으며, 근접전에서 필요한 도수무술(徒手武術)이 더욱 더 발전 하였음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 전쟁이 빈번했던 시기로 병역제도(兵役制度)와 가병(家兵) 성향의 부곡(部曲) 등을 통하여 신분을 상승시킬 수 있는 군사무술이 삶을 위한 방책으로서 필수 불가결한 기술이자 교육이었음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 민간무술은 불교와 도교의 심신 수행에 필요한 건신법(建身法)과 도인술(導引術), 그리고 양생술(養生術) 등과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 불교의 발전 과정에서 무술과 관련 있는 연경단련법(軟硬鍛鍊法) 등이 상호간에 많은 영향을 끼쳤음을 확인할 수 있었다.
This study aims to suggest sport-anthropological system of knowledge by searching for the developmental background and the types of military martial arts and civilian martial arts. Related to this, the following conclusion has been drawn. First, the long lasting war resulted in the development of military martial arts and the repetitive separation from and union with other ethnic groups allowed the exchange of the martial arts naturally. Second, the maintenance of the draft system required the high standard of the military martial arts in recruiting and training of the soldiers and also led to the development of hand-to-hand fight that was necessary in the fighting at close quarters. In addition, the military martial arts was considered as both an essential art and education because wars occurred frequently and upward mobility of one’s social status was possible through the daft system and ‘bugok’, a kind of civilian militia. Third, It has been ascertained that the civilian martial arts was closely related to keep-fit sport discipline and Regimen, which intended to train mind and body and also interacted with Yeongyung training method, which was related to martial arts while Taoism and Buddhism developed.
〈蛛山九曲〉題材 漢詩에 대한 一考察 KCI 등재
고전문학한문학연구학회 고전과 해석 제23집 2017.10 pp.89-128
...Yu, Heeyeong(柳曦永1794~1879) and Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗1847~1914) composed Chawunsi(次韻詩). Right Now, the person who had born in North Korea and who had selected and then two people of North Korea composed Huaunsi that case has not reported school world yet. Yu, Heeyeong's Family concluded school tie with Yu, Inseok'(柳麟錫1842~1915)s Family(家門). Yu, Inseok(柳麟錫) was born in Gangwon-do, Chunseong-gun, Nam-myeon, Gajeong-ri. Yu, Inseok(柳麟錫) went Seokgye region(石溪地方) in Gaecheon-gun Pyeongando and was active Sunghua activity(崇華活動) after organizing of learned circles(學契) such as Sunghuagye(崇華契)and composed Seokgyegugokga (〈石溪九曲歌〉) in 1902 for their local Confucian scholars in order to inspire and enhance the Sunghua consciousness. Yu, Inseok is disciple of Lee, Hangro(李恒老 1792~1868), Giho scholastic Vein. Yu, Eungdu did social intercourse(從遊) with Gi, Jeongjin(奇正鎭1798~1879) and Song, Byeongseon(宋秉璿1836~1905) was 9th descendant of Song, Siyeol(宋時烈). As looking of this circumstance, I can guess it was influence of Dotonguisik(道統意識) that cause of Yu, Eungdu and Yu, Heeyeong's composing of Huawun(compose a verse in response) poetry. When I see this point, I estimate to compose the Huawunsi(和韻詩) after selecting of Jusangugok in Dotonguisik ,that is tosay, Haktonguisik(學統意識). Yu, Eungdu combines with substantives and inflectionals(體用) of Morals(道德) and of Writings(文章) and his Jil(質)and Mun(文) which possesses the beauty(美) and matter(實), therefore he evaluates as Yujong(儒宗) of oriental(東方) and Sapyo(師表) in Seoju(西州). He kept to syntax of Gwandojigi(貫道之器) which is Confucian's basic syntax. He gave expression to the theory of literature which had to express naturally and profitably and simplicity and clarity of Do(道) after learning of lots of the Scriptures and including of Do(道). The author had investigated and identified from 1998 to 2016 that there were about 120 each of Gugok which had selected in our country. Gugok nearly selected as a symbol of a scholastic mantle succession besides selected Gugok in South Korea. nearly The Gugok is already itself of peculiar culture and the Gugoksi is itself of peculiar literature. The Gugok was selected at writer's own hometown or dwelling region valley. After naming of nine curves at good scenery in area from the lower reaches of a river to upstream and composing of poems. This is a common point between Gugok and Gugok poem. And poem describes the suitable contents of name in 9 curves. The described contents of 9 curves features are different, that is to say, person selected each Gugok is different. This point is universal feature of Gugok poem. Yu, Eungdu composed his poems, Jusangugokwun(〈蛛山九曲韻〉) was empathy(移入) of Dohakjeok Sayu(道學的 思惟). In addition, he used freely the appropriate metaphor and emphasized the beauty of literature and the arts. He had applied to Jusangugokwun(〈蛛山九曲韻〉) with his own literary theory which had to have both properly at a Che(體) and Yong(用). Therefore, Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗)'s Jusangugokun(〈蛛山九曲韻〉) is Gugoksi which expressed Dohakjeok Sayu(道學的 思惟). Yu, Heeyeong who was descendant of Yu, Inseok did not sure to know about detail information for Moving and Living here and there according to Yu, Inseok before the restoration of Independence his left draft. His great grandson had published we could see Jusangugokpyeonje(〈蛛山九曲韻編題〉). Yu, Heeyeong's Jusangugokpyeonje(〈蛛山九曲韻編題〉) could properly be expressed well about the Jusangugok's excellent view with Takmuluui(托物寓意: expressing heart of borrowing things) figurative language. Therefore , through Yu, Eungdu and Yu, Heeyeong's Jusangugokpyeonjepoems poems, we can understand a side of Gugok literary in North Korea . So the meaningful Gugok Literary can be evaluated.
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蛛山九曲은 崔沄植이 지금 북한의 황해도 平山郡의 鳳山에 설정했다. 柳曦永(1794~1879)과 柳應斗(1847~1914)가 차운시를 지었다. 지금의 북한에서 출생한 사람이 구곡을 설정하고 북한 사람 2명이 화운시를 지은 사례는 아직 학계에 보고되지 않았다. 유희영가문은 柳麟錫(1842~1915)家門과 학연을 맺었다. 柳麟錫은 강원도 춘성군 남면 가정리에서 출생했다. 柳麟錫은 평안도 개천군 石溪地方에 가서 崇華契등 學契를 결성하여 崇華活動을 하였으며 지역 유림들에게 崇華意識을 고취앙양하기 위해 1902년「石溪九曲歌」를 지었다. 유인석은 기호학맥 李恒老(1792∼1868)의 제자이다. 유응두는 奇正鎭(1798~1879)과 宋秉璿(1836~1905)을 종유했다. 송병선은 宋時烈(1607~1689)의 9세손이다. 이런 정황으로 보아 유응두와 유희영이 蛛山九曲詩에 화운시를 지은 것은 道統意識의 영향을 받았다고 짐작할 수 있다. 이렇게 볼 때 道統意識 즉 學統意識이 주산구곡을 설정하게 하고 화운시를 짓게 했다고 추정할 수 있다. 유응두는 道德과 文章이 體用을 겸비하고 質과 文이 모두 아름다워 實로 東方의 儒宗이요, 西州의 師表라는 평가를 받았다. 그는 유가의 기본적인 문장론인 貫道之器의 문장론을 고수했다. 경전을 많이 학습하여 道를 담고 그 道를 자연스럽고 적합하며 간단명료하게 표현해야한다는 문학론을 피력했다. 필자가 1998년부터 2016년까지 조사확인한 바, 우리나라에 설정된 구곡은 120개 정도다. 남한에 설정된 구곡 뿐 만아니라 구곡은 거의 학통계승의 상징으로 설정했다. 구곡 자체가 이미 특이한 문화요 구곡시 자체가 특이한 문학이다. 구곡은 자기 고향이나 거주지역의 계곡에 설정한다. 거의 골짜기 하류부터 상류에 이르는 구간에 경치가 좋은 곳에 9개 곡의 명칭을 부여하고 시를 짓는다. 이것이 구곡과 구곡시의 공통점이다. 그리고 9개 곡의 명칭에 부합되는 내용을 시에 묘사한다. 개인이 설정한 구곡 마다 9개 ‘曲’의 명칭이 다르기 때문에, 9개 ‘曲’의 특징을 묘사한 내용은 개인이 설정한 구곡마다 다르다. 이점이 구곡시의 보편적 특징이다. 유응두는〈蛛山九曲韻〉에 道學的 思惟를 移入하여 시를 지었다. 柳曦永은 그 후손이 광복이전 유인석을 따라 남쪽으로 이주하여 여기 저기 옮겨 살아 자세한 정보를 알기 어렵다. 그가 남긴 원고를 그 증손자 柳在徑이 다행히 문집으로 발간하여 〈蛛山九曲韻編題〉를 보게 됐다. 유희영의 〈蛛山九曲編題〉는 托物寓意 수사법으로 주산구곡의 승경을 적절히 잘 묘사했다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 유응두와 유희영이 蛛山九曲에 대해 지은 시를 통해, 지금 북한지역의 구곡문학의 일면을 이해할 수 있어 그 구곡문학적 의의가 있다고 평가할 수 있다.
Jusangugok(蛛山九曲) was selected Bongsan(鳳山) in Pyeongsan-gun(平山郡) Huanghaedo right North-Korea by Choi, Unsik(崔沄植). Yu, Heeyeong(柳曦永1794~1879) and Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗1847~1914) composed Chawunsi(次韻詩). Right Now, the person who had born in North Korea and who had selected and then two people of North Korea composed Huaunsi that case has not reported school world yet. Yu, Heeyeong's Family concluded school tie with Yu, Inseok'(柳麟錫1842~1915)s Family(家門). Yu, Inseok(柳麟錫) was born in Gangwon-do, Chunseong-gun, Nam-myeon, Gajeong-ri. Yu, Inseok(柳麟錫) went Seokgye region(石溪地方) in Gaecheon-gun Pyeongando and was active Sunghua activity(崇華活動) after organizing of learned circles(學契) such as Sunghuagye(崇華契)and composed Seokgyegugokga (〈石溪九曲歌〉) in 1902 for their local Confucian scholars in order to inspire and enhance the Sunghua consciousness. Yu, Inseok is disciple of Lee, Hangro(李恒老 1792~1868), Giho scholastic Vein. Yu, Eungdu did social intercourse(從遊) with Gi, Jeongjin(奇正鎭1798~1879) and Song, Byeongseon(宋秉璿1836~1905) was 9th descendant of Song, Siyeol(宋時烈). As looking of this circumstance, I can guess it was influence of Dotonguisik(道統意識) that cause of Yu, Eungdu and Yu, Heeyeong's composing of Huawun(compose a verse in response) poetry. When I see this point, I estimate to compose the Huawunsi(和韻詩) after selecting of Jusangugok in Dotonguisik ,that is tosay, Haktonguisik(學統意識). Yu, Eungdu combines with substantives and inflectionals(體用) of Morals(道德) and of Writings(文章) and his Jil(質)and Mun(文) which possesses the beauty(美) and matter(實), therefore he evaluates as Yujong(儒宗) of oriental(東方) and Sapyo(師表) in Seoju(西州). He kept to syntax of Gwandojigi(貫道之器) which is Confucian's basic syntax. He gave expression to the theory of literature which had to express naturally and profitably and simplicity and clarity of Do(道) after learning of lots of the Scriptures and including of Do(道). The author had investigated and identified from 1998 to 2016 that there were about 120 each of Gugok which had selected in our country. Gugok nearly selected as a symbol of a scholastic mantle succession besides selected Gugok in South Korea. nearly The Gugok is already itself of peculiar culture and the Gugoksi is itself of peculiar literature. The Gugok was selected at writer's own hometown or dwelling region valley. After naming of nine curves at good scenery in area from the lower reaches of a river to upstream and composing of poems. This is a common point between Gugok and Gugok poem. And poem describes the suitable contents of name in 9 curves. The described contents of 9 curves features are different, that is to say, person selected each Gugok is different. This point is universal feature of Gugok poem. Yu, Eungdu composed his poems, Jusangugokwun(〈蛛山九曲韻〉) was empathy(移入) of Dohakjeok Sayu(道學的 思惟). In addition, he used freely the appropriate metaphor and emphasized the beauty of literature and the arts. He had applied to Jusangugokwun(〈蛛山九曲韻〉) with his own literary theory which had to have both properly at a Che(體) and Yong(用). Therefore, Yu, Eungdu(柳應斗)'s Jusangugokun(〈蛛山九曲韻〉) is Gugoksi which expressed Dohakjeok Sayu(道學的 思惟). Yu, Heeyeong who was descendant of Yu, Inseok did not sure to know about detail information for Moving and Living here and there according to Yu, Inseok before the restoration of Independence his left draft. His great grandson had published we could see Jusangugokpyeonje(〈蛛山九曲韻編題〉). Yu, Heeyeong's Jusangugokpyeonje(〈蛛山九曲韻編題〉) could properly be expressed well about the Jusangugok's excellent view with Takmuluui(托物寓意: expressing heart of borrowing things) figurative language. Therefore , through Yu, Eungdu and Yu, Heeyeong's Jusangugokpyeonjepoems poems, we can understand a side of Gugok literary in North Korea . So the meaningful Gugok Literary can be evaluated.
한국전통문화대학교 한국전통문화연구소 한국전통문화연구 제14권 2014.11 pp.83-110
...Yu’ was used to describe a place for growing vegetables or raising animals, and combined with the term ‘Won’ it can be separated into ‘Won-Po’, ‘Won-Yu’, and etc. ‘Won-Rim’ is a place built artificially by landscape gardening activities and is also related to agricultural production. It is hard to find the examples of the term ‘Jeong-won’ in old literatures before the Sook-jong era of Joseon Dynasty, and it is hard to say that this was a term used commonly. There is some evidence in historical records of the term ‘Jeong-Won’, however it is hard to say that this term has been commonly used since the old days. When examining the old literatures, ‘Jeong’ and ‘Won’ were used separately mainly depending on the locations and functions. The terms that were used similarly as the term ‘Jeong-Won’ we use right now are ‘Ga-Won’ and ‘Won-Rim’.
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6,700원
정원(庭園)이라는 용어는 현재 학술용어로서 일상용어로 널리 쓰이고 있다. 이 용어 는 19세기 후반에 일본인들이 서양의 ‘Garden’을 번역하여 만들어 낸 것이라는 것이 정설로 통용되어 왔다. 근래에 정원이라는 용어가 조선 왕조 시대에 사용되었다는 설이 대두되고 있다. 한편 전통조경 분야에서 정원이라는 용어의 사용여부를 놓고 지금까지 많은 논란이 있어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 고문헌에서 정원과 관련된 용례의 기록을 살펴보고 이러한 용례가 어떠한 차이로 사용되었는가를 밝히고, 정원이라는 명칭을 전통조경에서 사용하 여도 적합한가를 규명하는 것에 있다. 본 연구에서는 1차 문헌사료에 나와 있는 내용 중 정원과 관계된 용어의 용례, 차이 등을 분석하는 방법을 택하였다. 옛 기록에서 나타난 ‘정(庭)’, ‘원(園)’과 관련된 용어 는 정(庭), 원(園), 포(圃), 원(苑), 유(囿), 원유(園囿), 원림(園林), 정원(庭園) 등 총 8 가지의 용례로 구분할 수 있으며 용례의 쓰임은 다음과 같다. ① 정(庭)은 일반적으로 건축물에 딸린 뜰을 지칭하는 용어이다. 나무를 심거나 위 락행위가 일어나기도 했으며, 위치에 따라 전정(殿庭), 궁정(宮庭), 내정(內庭), 외정 (外庭), 문정(門庭) 등으로 구분할 수 있다. ② 원(園)은 개인소유의 일정공간을 지칭하는 용어로써 그 안에서 위락활동이나 생 산활동을 했던 것으로 보이며 주로 가원(家園)이라는 용어로 사용되었다. 위치에 따 라 북원(北園), 후원(後園), 상원(上園), 서원(西園) 등으로 구분되며, 기능에 따라 과 원(果園), 화원(花園), 다원(茶園), 약원(藥園), 행원(杏園)등으로 구분할 수 있다. ③ 포(圃)나 유(囿)는 채소밭이나 짐승을 키우는 곳이라는 뜻으로 사용되며 원(園)과 결합하여 원포(園圃), 원유(園囿) 등으로 구분된다. ④ 원림(園林)은 인공적인 조원행위에 의해 만들어진 곳이며 농업생산과 관련된 곳 이기도 하다. ⑤ 정원(庭園)은 고문헌에서 조선시대 숙종 때까지 그 용례를 찾기 힘들며 통용되어 사용된 용어로 보기엔 어렵다. 위와 같은 측면에서 볼 때 정원(庭園)이라는 용어는 실록에 일부 근거가 있으나 예부 터 일반적으로 사용된 용어로 보기에는 무리가 있다. 고문헌에서 볼 때, 주로 위치나 기능에 따라서 정(庭)과 원(園)을 구분해서 사용되었다. 현재 우리가 사용하는 정원 (庭園)의 뜻과 유사하게 사용된 용례는 가원(家園)과 원림(園林)으로 볼 수 있다.
Currently, the term ‘Jeong-Won’ is widely used as a common term. This term has been widely used with the established theory that it was created in the late 19th century by the Japanese from translating the word ‘garden’ in English. In recent years, a theory that the term ‘Jeong-Won’ was used during the Joseon Dynasty Era has emerged. Meanwhile, in the traditional landscape field, there have been many controversies until now on whether or not the term ‘Jeong-Won’ can be used. The purpose of this study was to examine the records of the examples related to ‘Jeong-Won’ in old literatures, to clarify in what ways these examples were used differently, and to investigate if it is appropriate to use the term ‘Jeong-Won’ in traditional landscape. In this study, we chose to analyze the aspects, such as the usage of, differences in, and etc., of the terms related to ‘Jeong-Won’ in primary literature materials and the results are as follows Generally, ‘Jeong’ is a term that refers to the garden attached to a building. Sometimes, trees were planted and entertainment activities took place in this space. Depending on the location, it can be separated into ‘Jun-Jeong’, ‘Goong-Jeon’, ‘Nae-Jeon’, ‘Whae-Jeong’, ‘Moon-Jeong’, and etc. ‘Won’ is a term that refers to a certain place that is personally owned. It seems entertainment activities and production activities were held, and this space was mainly used in the term ‘Ga-Won’. This space can be separated into ‘Book-Won’, ‘Who-Won’, ‘Sang-Won’, ‘Seo-Won’, and etc. depending on the locations, and into ‘Gwa-Won’, ‘Hwa-Won’, ‘Da-Won’, “Yak-Won’, ‘Hang-Won’, and etc. depending on its functions. ‘Po’ or ‘Yu’ was used to describe a place for growing vegetables or raising animals, and combined with the term ‘Won’ it can be separated into ‘Won-Po’, ‘Won-Yu’, and etc. ‘Won-Rim’ is a place built artificially by landscape gardening activities and is also related to agricultural production. It is hard to find the examples of the term ‘Jeong-won’ in old literatures before the Sook-jong era of Joseon Dynasty, and it is hard to say that this was a term used commonly. There is some evidence in historical records of the term ‘Jeong-Won’, however it is hard to say that this term has been commonly used since the old days. When examining the old literatures, ‘Jeong’ and ‘Won’ were used separately mainly depending on the locations and functions. The terms that were used similarly as the term ‘Jeong-Won’ we use right now are ‘Ga-Won’ and ‘Won-Rim’.
6,900원
역사 기록이 부족한 夏와 그 이전 시대를 탐구할 때 문헌에 대한 실증적 분석과 함께 고고학과 신화학, 문화인류학적인 방법들을 동원할 필요가 있다. 이 논문은 그러한 방법들을 활용하여 우의 시대를 신화의 영역에서 역사시대로 이해하려고 했다. 우가 치수를 한 목적과 그 시대적 배경은 우와 동시대 인물이자, 동이족으로 알려진 皐陶를 탐구함으로써 접근해 나갈 수 있다. 史記와 書經에 따르면, 고요는 士로서 요순임금의 이민족 퇴치 사업을 주도하였으며, 貞人 곧 巫祝으로서 우의 치수를 도왔다. 고대 중국에서 홍수는 문명과 야만의 경계를 없애는 혼돈이었으므로, 우는 치수를 통하여 중앙과 지방, 중심과 경계의 질서를 회복하려고 했다. 중앙으로부터 떨어진 거리의 원근 개념으로 만들어진 五服의 要服과 荒服, 四海는 낙후된 변경, 오랑캐들의 영역을 의미했다. 치수의 목적은 이들 이민족의 교화와 굴복이었다. 이 가운데 동이족들은 풍부한 자원과 뛰어난 문화를 가지고 있었기 때문에, 우와 그 집단의 경계와 견제의 대상이 되었다. 하를 세운 우는 부자세습을 감행하였고, 아들 계는 동이집단을 진압하였다.
<8월의 저편>에 나타난 ‘일본군 성노예’ 재현의 의미 KCI 등재후보
국제한인문학회 국제한인문학연구 제8호 2011.08 pp.173-204
...Yu, Miri. The literary work of Yu, Miri which testifies the voices of ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ and reproduces their memories and experiences in the present time has the practical meaning in positioning the problem of ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ which has been excluded and concealed tacitly since the Korean Independence, within the worldly universal context, and in connecting to the active will to participate in the ‘Struggles of memoir’ which bring in the issue as a part of the challenge of the human history to overcome the 20th century’s unprecedented political violence such as World Wars or Holocaust. The writer first penetrates the intention of the imperialist colonial policy hidden behind the superficial description of the exhibition of the modern civilization and of the cultural shock through the experience of rail travel of ‘Kim, Young-Hee’. The construction of the railroad as a political business station of the process of the continental invasion and colonization from Korea to China and to Russia, the urban landscape of Manju formed along the path of the railroad as a modern replica of Japan and as an exhibition hall of the modern civilization, and the aspect of the linguistic imperialism which aims the mental and cultural integration and homogenization by forcing to use Japanese as ‘the national language’ and excluding each country’s unique language form and establish a close association with the colonialist properties of the ‘Sex slavery in Japanese Military’ system which would develop afterwards. Thus the rail travel of the ‘young girl’ prepares for the journey of the destruction and suffering originated from Japan’s modern colonialism, and the reality of the ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ which is passed off centering around the ‘paradise’, the infinite military brothels, is reproduced later on based on the extreme survival conditions and brutal sexual exploitation which overwhelme the literary imagination. Women of the colony who were called ‘Korean prostitutes’, ‘Public bathrooms of the Japanese Empire’ and insulted as mental and physical cytopyge suffered from racist discrimination, and the violent eyes to preempt women’s bodies forcefully exploited and damaged the women’s bodies as the objects of satisfying their lust as well as the ‘accessories of Japanese military’. In addition, the system of the ‘Sex Slavery in Japanese military’ reveals the strong nature of the Japanese Empire’s colonization policy based on barbarism and oppression by having the multi-layered suppression structure inside which is the ordinary wide-spread of an infringement upon personal rights. Thus, the literary reproduction of the ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ which appeares in ‘The other side of August’ by Yu, Miri suggests a possibility of the ethical exclusive possession in terms of preparing a path to overcome the history of being colonized, by exposing the violent origin of the imperialistic colonization policy and by sharing and ‘testifying’ the experiences of the cruel violation derived from it.
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7,300원
본고는 재일조선인 작가 유미리의 <8월의 저편>(2004)에 나타난 ‘일본군 성노예’의 재현 양상과 그 의미망을 추출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. ‘일본군 성노예’의 육성을 증언하고 그들의 기억과 경험을 현재에 재현하는 유미리의 문학 작업은 해방 이후 암묵적으로 배제되고 은폐되어 온 ‘일본군 성노예’의 문제를 세계적으로 보편적인 문맥 아래 위치 짓고, 세계대전이나 홀로코스트라는 20세기의 미증유의 정치폭력을 극복하는 인류사적인 과제의 일환으로 상정하려는 ‘기억의 투쟁’에 대한 적극적 참여 의지와 맞물리는 것으로서 실천적 의미를 지닌다. 먼저 작가는 소녀 ‘김영희’의 철도 여행 체험을 통해 근대 문물의 전시와 문화적 충격이라는 표면적 언술 뒤에 숨어있는 제국주의적 식민 정책의 의도를 간파해낸다. 조선과 중국, 러시아로 이어지는 대륙 침략과 식민화 과정의 정책적 사업 기지로서의 철도의 부설, 그러한 철도의 경로를 따라 조성된 일본의 복제품이자 근대적 문물의 전시장으로서의 만주 도시의 풍경, 그리고 각 나라의 고유한 언어를 배제하고 일본어를 하나의 ‘국어’로 사용하도록 강제함으로써 정신적 ㆍ 문화적 통합과 동질화를 꾀하는 언어제국주의적인 면모는 이후 전개될 ‘일본군 성노예’ 제도의 식민주의적 속성과 긴밀한 연관관계를 주조한다. 이처럼 ‘소녀’의 철도 여행은 일본의 근대적 식민주의가 배태한 파멸과 고난의 여정을 예비하는바, 이후 무한의 군위안소 ‘낙원’을 중심으로 이루어지는 ‘일본군 성노예’의 실상은 문학적 상상력을 압도하는 극한의 생존 상황과 처절한 성적 착취 과정을 근간으로 재현된다. ‘조센삐’, ‘대일본제국’의 ‘공중화장실’로 불리며 정신적, 육체적 배설구로서 능욕당한 식민지 여성들은 인종주의적 차별과 억압에 시달렸으며, 여성의 신체를 사물화하는 폭력적 시선은 ‘일본 군부의 부속품’이자 정욕처리의 대상으로서 이들 여성의 신체를 강압적으로 수탈하고 훼손했다. 또한 ‘일본군 성노예’ 제도는 인권 유린의 일상적 편재라는 중층적 억압구조를 내장함으로써 야만과 폭압에 기초한 일제 식민 정책의 강고한 본질을 드러낸다. 이와 같이 유미리의 <8월의 저편>에 나타난 ‘일본군 성노예’의 문학적 재현은 제국주의적 식민 정책의 폭력적 기원을 폭로하고 그로 말미암은 참혹한 유린의 경험을 공유하고 ‘증언’함으로써 식민의 역사를 극복할 실천적 도정을 마련한다는 점에서 윤리적 전유의 가능성을 시사한다.
This article aims to extract the meaning and the reproduction patterns of ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ which appeares in ‘The other side of August’(2004) by Korean Japanese author Yu, Miri. The literary work of Yu, Miri which testifies the voices of ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ and reproduces their memories and experiences in the present time has the practical meaning in positioning the problem of ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ which has been excluded and concealed tacitly since the Korean Independence, within the worldly universal context, and in connecting to the active will to participate in the ‘Struggles of memoir’ which bring in the issue as a part of the challenge of the human history to overcome the 20th century’s unprecedented political violence such as World Wars or Holocaust. The writer first penetrates the intention of the imperialist colonial policy hidden behind the superficial description of the exhibition of the modern civilization and of the cultural shock through the experience of rail travel of ‘Kim, Young-Hee’. The construction of the railroad as a political business station of the process of the continental invasion and colonization from Korea to China and to Russia, the urban landscape of Manju formed along the path of the railroad as a modern replica of Japan and as an exhibition hall of the modern civilization, and the aspect of the linguistic imperialism which aims the mental and cultural integration and homogenization by forcing to use Japanese as ‘the national language’ and excluding each country’s unique language form and establish a close association with the colonialist properties of the ‘Sex slavery in Japanese Military’ system which would develop afterwards. Thus the rail travel of the ‘young girl’ prepares for the journey of the destruction and suffering originated from Japan’s modern colonialism, and the reality of the ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ which is passed off centering around the ‘paradise’, the infinite military brothels, is reproduced later on based on the extreme survival conditions and brutal sexual exploitation which overwhelme the literary imagination. Women of the colony who were called ‘Korean prostitutes’, ‘Public bathrooms of the Japanese Empire’ and insulted as mental and physical cytopyge suffered from racist discrimination, and the violent eyes to preempt women’s bodies forcefully exploited and damaged the women’s bodies as the objects of satisfying their lust as well as the ‘accessories of Japanese military’. In addition, the system of the ‘Sex Slavery in Japanese military’ reveals the strong nature of the Japanese Empire’s colonization policy based on barbarism and oppression by having the multi-layered suppression structure inside which is the ordinary wide-spread of an infringement upon personal rights. Thus, the literary reproduction of the ‘Sex slavery in Japanese military’ which appeares in ‘The other side of August’ by Yu, Miri suggests a possibility of the ethical exclusive possession in terms of preparing a path to overcome the history of being colonized, by exposing the violent origin of the imperialistic colonization policy and by sharing and ‘testifying’ the experiences of the cruel violation derived from it.
5,800원
이형기는 1960년대 순수문학논쟁에서 순수문학론을 옹호한 대표적인 비평가로서 지속적인 비평 활동을 통해 순수문학을 이론적으로 지지하고 뒷받침해왔다. 소설 비평으로부터 시작된 그의 비평은 인상비평적 성격이 강하다. 텍스트에 대한 객관적인 이해와 분석보다 비평가의 주관적인 인상과 감정을 중시하는 것이다. 그가 인상비평에 관심을 가지게 되는 것은 고바야시 히데오나 월터 페이터 등 인상비평가들의 영향과 당시의 혼란한 사회적 상황 때문이다. 인상비평은 기본적으로 비평가와 작품 사이의 감정적인 공감대가 형성되어야 한다. 비평가와 작품(작가) 사이에 정서나 사상, 주장의 공통성이 있어야 하는 것이다. 이형기가 공감을 느끼고 인상비평을 시도하는 작품들은 대부분 이형기 자신의 문학적 취향이나 주제를 담고 있는 것이다. 김동리의 소설이나 유치환, 강은교, 박목월의 시는 이형기의 문학적 주제인 ‘허무’가 잘 드러나는 작품들로서 인상비평의 계기를 제공하는 텍스트이다. 그가 순수문학론을 주장하는 것은 자신의 문학관과 일치하는 작가와 작품을 옹호한 것이라고 보아야 한다. 인상비평의 입장에서 볼 때 그것은 대상이 되는 작가에 대한 지지가 아니라 비평가인 이형기 자신의 문학적 선호와 지향점을 표명하는 것이다. 그의 비평은 후기로 가면서 이질적인 성격들을 드러낸다. 소설 텍스트에서 시 텍스트로 넘어오면서 비평의 방법은 인상비평에서 분석비평으로 바뀐다. 이러한 변화는 시 비평의 특수성에 기인한 것이다. 시가 객관화된 형식을 통해 나타나는 것이라면 시를 이해하기 위해서는 형식에 대한 이해가 우선되어야 한다. 동시에 시인의 창작이 의식적인 것이라면 시를 추체험하는 것은 창작의 동기 및 과정 등을 따라가는 일이 된다. 결국 시 비평은 시인의 창작 과정을 밝히는 일과 창작된 시의 형식과 질서를 설명하는 일을 겸하는 것이다. 이형기의 시 비평이 창작론과 분석론으로 나뉘게 되는 이유는 이 때문이다. 따라서 이형기 비평의 핵심은 인상비평이고, 초기 비평은 그 비평적 근원을 보여준다는 데서 중요한 의의를 갖는다.
Lee, Hyeong-Ki was a leading critic who insisted on the pure literature. He advocated a pure literary theory and wrote a review to support it. At first he wrote mainly a critique of the novel. And his criticism had characterized the Impressionist Criticism. He was the emphasis on the critic's subjective impressions and feelings than the objective understanding and analysis of the text. That reason was that he took influence from Hideo Kobayashi and Walter Pater. The social situation was confused also in 1960's. In Impressionist Criticism, critics should be able to sympathize with a witer or poet. For example, it was necessary to have a common sentiment and thought, the claim. The criticism of Lee expressed his literary subject 'Vanity'. For example, Lee interpreted Kim, Dong-Lee's novel as a text that was expressed 'Vanity'. He insisted on a pure literary theory for supporting the author and his work that had a similar theme. That was to express his point of view of the literature than support the writer. Lee tried an analytical criticism to poems latterly. This change was due to a special character of the poetic criticism. The poetic criticism should experience the creative process of the poet at the same time should explain the form of the poem. Therefore, Lee's criticism was be separated. One was the theory of creation, the other was the analytical criticism. Lee's key feature of criticism was the Impressionist Criticism. The early criticism of Lee could explain a critical source of him.
‘교육(敎育)’과 ‘학(學)’의 근원에 관한 탐구 — 문자적 의미와 현대 교육학적 독해 — KCI 등재후보
동양고전학회 동양고전연구 제24집 2006.06 pp.315-344
...Yu(敎育)' and 'Xue(學)' ; focusing on their literary meaning and its modern educational interpretation / Shin, Chang-Ho This paper is an in-depth investigation into the concepts 'JiaoYu(敎育)' and 'Xue(學)' commonly used in the field of education. Ever since Western educational system has replaced Korean traditional learning based on Confucianism, the latter has degraded into insignificance and its origin almost lost. This study looks at the original source of our traditional understanding of the concepts 'JiaoYu(敎育)' and 'Xue(學)' and suggests an alternative understanding of the meaning of education different from the Westernized system. Teaching can be expressed as a gesture of encouragement from the teacher to the student, who is already out in the world, to develop his own way of perceiving matters in his surroundings. This means that the student and the teacher are organically related, and they together consummate the act of 'giving and imitating.' The Chinese character 'Yu(育)' in the word 'JiaoYu(敎育)' has the meaning of 'giving birth to a child who has been growing in its mother's womb upside down.' The letter 'Xue(學)' meaning 'studies,' assumes the union of man and the world, and denotes a self-teaching process of defeating ignorance of all kind. In other words, it suggests an image of a student who realizes that he still has much to learn and tries hard to overcome his present state of ignorance. This is analogous to the 'self-controling leaning' or the 'self-directed learning,' in the modern educational sense. The meaning of education as appears in the superior man has three things in which he delights of Mencius can be termed as 'enlarging one's sense of living in the world, which begins from the family but extends to understanding others and the outer universe through the process of self-learning and self-discipline.' In other words, the letters 'Jiao(敎)' and 'Xue (學)' originally shared the same meaning, which, with time, became separate while gaining their reference to teaching and learning respectively. However, the source of their meanings converges in the form of a union of man and the universe which are common factors for 'Jiao(敎)' and 'Xue(學)'. Therefore traditional education in East Asia is comprehended as an organic practice which emphasizes the network of relations among man, his fellow man, and the entire world with its infinite number of inmates.
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7,000원
본고는 학계에서 빈번하게 사용하고 있는 ‘교육(敎育)’과 ‘학(學)’의 개념에 대한 근원적 고찰이다. 서구의 교육이 전통 유학 교육의 개념을 대체하면서 전통 교육은 미미한 존재로 전락했고, 우리 교육의 근원도 흔적을 찾기 어려워졌다. 이에 본고에서는 ‘교육’과 ‘학’의 근원적 맥락을 성찰하고 구명하여, 서구 교육학 체계와 변별되는 새로운 교육학의 양상을 고민한다. 가르침[敎]의 의미는 이미 세계를 접촉하고 있는 학생에게, 세상의 사물에 대해 인식하라고, 교사가 손짓하며 재촉하는 모습이다. 이는 세계와 학습자, 교수자가 유기적으로 연관성을 갖고 ‘베풂과 본받음’을 함께 실천하는 형상이다. 육(育)은 ‘엄마 뱃속에서 뒤집어진 모습으로 움직이며 자란 아이를 출산하다’라는 의미가 담겨있다. 배움[學]은 세계와 인간의 만남을 전제로 하되, 무지몽매에서 벗어나려는 자기 노력의 과정이다. 즉 이미 세계를 접촉하고 있는 학생이 스스로 깨우치지 못했음을 인식하고, 부지런히 노력하는 모습이다. 그것은 현대적 의미에서 ‘자기 조절 학습’이나 ‘자기 주도적 학습’과 비견할 수도 있다. 맹자의 군자삼락(君子三樂) 장에 등장하는 교육의 의미 맥락은 부모 형제로부터 유추되는 인간적 우주의 파악으로부터, 자기수양과 교육의 차원으로, 그리고 타자를 이해하고 배려하는 관계로 확장되는 구조이다. 요컨대, 원래 교와 학은 같은 글자였으나, 시대 변화에 따라 점차적으로 가르침의 의미를 지닌 ‘교’와 배움의 뜻을 지닌 ‘학’으로 의미가 나누어졌다. 그렇더라도 그 근원은 교와 학의 공통 요소인 우주 만물과 인간의 만남 가운데 녹아 있다. 그러기에 동아시아 전통 교육은 세계와 인간, 사람과 사람을 비롯한 존재하는 모든 사물의 관계망을 중시하는 유기적인 실천학으로 이해된다.
An Inquiry of the Origin 'JiaoYu(敎育)' and 'Xue(學)' ; focusing on their literary meaning and its modern educational interpretation / Shin, Chang-Ho This paper is an in-depth investigation into the concepts 'JiaoYu(敎育)' and 'Xue(學)' commonly used in the field of education. Ever since Western educational system has replaced Korean traditional learning based on Confucianism, the latter has degraded into insignificance and its origin almost lost. This study looks at the original source of our traditional understanding of the concepts 'JiaoYu(敎育)' and 'Xue(學)' and suggests an alternative understanding of the meaning of education different from the Westernized system. Teaching can be expressed as a gesture of encouragement from the teacher to the student, who is already out in the world, to develop his own way of perceiving matters in his surroundings. This means that the student and the teacher are organically related, and they together consummate the act of 'giving and imitating.' The Chinese character 'Yu(育)' in the word 'JiaoYu(敎育)' has the meaning of 'giving birth to a child who has been growing in its mother's womb upside down.' The letter 'Xue(學)' meaning 'studies,' assumes the union of man and the world, and denotes a self-teaching process of defeating ignorance of all kind. In other words, it suggests an image of a student who realizes that he still has much to learn and tries hard to overcome his present state of ignorance. This is analogous to the 'self-controling leaning' or the 'self-directed learning,' in the modern educational sense. The meaning of education as appears in the superior man has three things in which he delights of Mencius can be termed as 'enlarging one's sense of living in the world, which begins from the family but extends to understanding others and the outer universe through the process of self-learning and self-discipline.' In other words, the letters 'Jiao(敎)' and 'Xue (學)' originally shared the same meaning, which, with time, became separate while gaining their reference to teaching and learning respectively. However, the source of their meanings converges in the form of a union of man and the universe which are common factors for 'Jiao(敎)' and 'Xue(學)'. Therefore traditional education in East Asia is comprehended as an organic practice which emphasizes the network of relations among man, his fellow man, and the entire world with its infinite number of inmates.
4,600원
중국은 최근 몇 년 사이 디지털기술을 활용하여 정부의 통치체계와 통치능력을 현대화하겠다는 결정을 내렸다. 스마트 감옥은 국가의 형벌 기관으로서 기술개혁은 스마트 감옥의 지속가능한 발전을 위한 관건이다. 기술에 의존한다 고 해서 반드시 더 나은 서비스 경험을 가져다 줄 수는 없다. 서비스 디자인적 사고는 기술과 사회의 지속가능한 발전 을 위하여 조율 역할을 하면서 스마트 감옥 건설의 기술융합에 새로운 서비스 디자인 사고를 적용하고 교도소 콘텍스 트속의 서비스의 디자인 수요에 대응해야 한다. 그리하여 본문은 스마트 감옥의 12개 서브시스템 중 옥부보 금융서비 스 시스템 개발을 중심으로 스마트 감옥의 지속가능한 서비스 구현을 위한 서비스 디자인 방법의 특징과 부족함을 탐 구하고 이에 따라 감옥의 특수한 상황적 요구에 부합하는 경험에 기초하여 시너지를 유도하는 설계이념(EBLCD)을 제시했다. 이를 바탕으로 장래 스마트 감옥의 혁신 문화, 창의력 및 혁신 방법에 대한 심도 있는 연구를 통해 궁극적으 로 스마트 감옥 건설의 프레임을 마련했다.
In recent years, China has gradually made clear its decision to modernize the governance system and governance capacity of the government by the virtue of digital transformation. As for the smart prison, as a penal institution of the state, technological reform is a key element in the sustainable development of smart prisons; however, relying on technology does not necessarily lead to a better service experience. Service design concept, as a coordinator of technology and social sustainability, needs to be adapted to the technological integration of smart prisons and to the needs for service design in the prison context in a new mode of thinking about services. This paper takes the development of the Jail Pay financial services system, one of the twelve sub-systems of the Smart Prison, as an entry point to explore the characteristics and shortcomings of the service design approach in achieving sustainable service innovation in the Smart Prison, it proposes an experience-based lead collaborative design (EBLCD) that is suitable for the specific needs in the prison context. The EBLCD is a theoretical framework and practical experience for sustainable service innovation in the construction of smart prisons.
Yu Taech’ing Family Documents and the Kigye Yu of Puyŏ SCOPUS KCI 등재 A&HCI
계명대학교 한국학연구원 Acta Koreana VOLUME 23 NUMBER 1 2020.06 pp.65-96
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7,300원
Yu Sorang chŏn SCOPUS KCI 등재 A&HCI
계명대학교 한국학연구원 Acta Koreana VOLUME 21 NUMBER 2 2018.12 pp.575-592
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5,200원
Yu-Jung's spatial setting - reflection of author's per-spective
한중인문학회 한중인문학회 국제학술대회 The Traditional Thought & the Cultural Exchange 2003.12 p.5
Tasŏk Yu Yŏngmo on God as Nothingness SCOPUS KCI 등재 A&HCI
계명대학교 한국학연구원 Acta Koreana VOLUME 22 NUMBER 2 2019.12 pp.267-286
...Yu Yŏngmo (1890-1981, pen name: Tasŏk 多夕; hereafter Tasŏk) was one of those who accepted Christianity in the early twentieth century Korea yet incorporated its notion of God into the broad framework of nothingness. For him, God (Hananim 하나님), far from being identified with an anthropomorphic, personal being of certain supernatural properties, is closely associated with the primordial void (mu; ŏpsŭm 없음). In other words, despite having accepted the Christian Bible as the basis of his fundamental faith he integrated its central doctrines into the ancient traditions in East Asia. As sons and daughters of God, i.e., as embodied divinity expressing True Self (cham-na) or Spiritual Self (ŏl-na), we also participate in this spiritual order of nothingness. There are thus strong Buddhist-Confucian-Daoist elements that are found in his indigenized form of Christianity.
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5,500원
In the East Asian philosophical traditions, the concept of nothingness has been occupying a central place. Yu Yŏngmo (1890-1981, pen name: Tasŏk 多夕; hereafter Tasŏk) was one of those who accepted Christianity in the early twentieth century Korea yet incorporated its notion of God into the broad framework of nothingness. For him, God (Hananim 하나님), far from being identified with an anthropomorphic, personal being of certain supernatural properties, is closely associated with the primordial void (mu; ŏpsŭm 없음). In other words, despite having accepted the Christian Bible as the basis of his fundamental faith he integrated its central doctrines into the ancient traditions in East Asia. As sons and daughters of God, i.e., as embodied divinity expressing True Self (cham-na) or Spiritual Self (ŏl-na), we also participate in this spiritual order of nothingness. There are thus strong Buddhist-Confucian-Daoist elements that are found in his indigenized form of Christianity.
Yeats and Yu ChiWhan : Love Poems KCI 등재
한국예이츠학회 한국 예이츠 저널 제48권 2015.12 pp.243-256
...Yu ChiWhan. The two poets were well known for their love for Maud Gonne and Yi YoungDo, respectively, for more than twenty years. They both could not marry their woman, which in turn may have helped them to write unparalleled love poems. This paper attempts to make a comparison between the conditions of their unfulfilled love and the purity of their love poems written over a long period of time. The paper studies both the language and the ethics of the poems they wrote.
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4,600원
본 논문에서는 예이츠와 유치환의 연애시에 나타난 낭만적인 면을 다루고자 하는데, 두 시인은 각각 모드 곤과 이영도를 연인으로 오랫동안 사랑한 것으로 유명하다. 두 낭만주의자는 결혼에 이르지는 못해서, 충족되지 못한 사랑의 고통으로 수많은 연애시를 쓰게 되었다. 본 논문은 이루지 못한 사랑과 그 시기에 걸쳐 나타난 낭만성에 주목한다. 특히 낭만적인 시에 나타난 두 시인 간의 표현방식과 윤리적인 면을 다룰 것이다.
This paper reads some of the love poems of W. B. Yeats and Yu ChiWhan. The two poets were well known for their love for Maud Gonne and Yi YoungDo, respectively, for more than twenty years. They both could not marry their woman, which in turn may have helped them to write unparalleled love poems. This paper attempts to make a comparison between the conditions of their unfulfilled love and the purity of their love poems written over a long period of time. The paper studies both the language and the ethics of the poems they wrote.
한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 학술대회 Human and AI Translation: Coexistence and Beyond 2026.01 pp.83-89
...Yu-jeong, written during the period of Japanese colonial rule (1936). The aim of the study is to identify and systematize strategies for rendering national and cultural specificity when translating the text into Russian. The paper examines issues of interlingual asymmetry at the lexical, grammatical, and pragmatic levels. Special attention is paid to the translation of non-equivalent vocabulary (realia), social markers (terms of kinship and hierarchy), as well as the unique system of Korean ideophones (sound-symbolic words), which play a key role in the author’s idiolect. The methodological framework of the study is based on the theory of translation transformations (L. S. Barkhudarov, V. N. Komissarov) and methods of contrastive linguocultural analysis. A comparison of the original text and the official Russian translation by A. Kh. In (2003) demonstrates that, in adapting the text, the translator predominantly employs the strategies of generalization, modulation (semantic development), and stylistic compensation. The findings indicate that preserving the “botanical paradox” of the title and adapting dialectal forms of Gangwon Province represent forced compromises that require active cultural interpretation on the part of the reader.
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4,000원
The present article is devoted to a comprehensive linguo-translation analysis of the short story “동백꽃” by the classic Korean writer Kim Yu-jeong, written during the period of Japanese colonial rule (1936). The aim of the study is to identify and systematize strategies for rendering national and cultural specificity when translating the text into Russian. The paper examines issues of interlingual asymmetry at the lexical, grammatical, and pragmatic levels. Special attention is paid to the translation of non-equivalent vocabulary (realia), social markers (terms of kinship and hierarchy), as well as the unique system of Korean ideophones (sound-symbolic words), which play a key role in the author’s idiolect. The methodological framework of the study is based on the theory of translation transformations (L. S. Barkhudarov, V. N. Komissarov) and methods of contrastive linguocultural analysis. A comparison of the original text and the official Russian translation by A. Kh. In (2003) demonstrates that, in adapting the text, the translator predominantly employs the strategies of generalization, modulation (semantic development), and stylistic compensation. The findings indicate that preserving the “botanical paradox” of the title and adapting dialectal forms of Gangwon Province represent forced compromises that require active cultural interpretation on the part of the reader.
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