Earticle

가송이(Tricholoma bakamatsutake Hongo)는 주름버섯목(Agaricales), 송이과(Tricholomataceae)에 속 하는 외생균근성 버섯류의 하나로, 송이(T. matsutake)와 일반적인 외형이 거의 비슷하며, 송이향과 맛이 강하게 나기 때문에 이 두 균종은 쉽게 혼동되며, 실제 분류 및 계통발생학적으로도 가송이와 송이는 유연 관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 가송이는 한국, 일본, 대만, 중국의 신갈나무 등과 같은 활엽수림에 분포하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 최근에는 제주도 구실잣밤나무림에서 발견되었다. 가송이는 균사생장이 매우 느려 연구에 어려움이 많아 균사배양 최적 조건을 구명하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 온도에 따른 가송이 균주 별 균사생장 특성을 조사한 결과, 모든 균주에서 25℃에서 가장 균사생장속도가 가장 빨랐으며, 특히 3833 균주가 다른 균주에 비해 약 1.5배 빠른 것으로 조사되었다.

Tricholoma bakamatsutake Hongo is one of the ectomycorrhizal mushrooms belonging to the Agaricales and Tricholomataceae, which are almost the same in general appearance as T. matsutake, and these two species are easily confused because they have a strong flavor and taste, and it has been found that T. bakamatsutake and T. matsutake have a flexible relationship in actual classification and phylogenetics. T. bakamatsutake is known to be distributed in broadleaf forest such as Quercus mongolica in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and China. Recently, T. bakamatsutake is known to be distributed in broadleaf forest such as Castanopsis sieboldii in Jeju island. This study was carried out to find the optimal conditions for myceilal- growth in T. bakamatsutake. As a result, the mycerila-growth of each strain according to temperature, it was found that the mycerila-growth was fastest at 25°C in all strains, and in especially 3833 strains were about 1.5 times faster than other strains.

As a one of the most favorite food in Asia and member of ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake has been symbiotic relationship with its host, Pinus densiflora. For artificial cultivation of T. matsutake, several experiments have been introduced like P. densiflora which infected with T. matsutake mycelium. In this study, bacteria from shiro which T. matsutake fruiting body grow was co-cultivated with T. matsutake mycelium to promote the growth of mycelium. From two regions, Bonghwa and Yangyang-gun, T. matsutake mycelium and bacterial strains from shiro were collected. Among the collected bacterial strains, 127 isolates were selected for the co-cultivation based on the homogeneity of morphological features. As results, 13 bacterial isolates exhibited promoted growth of T. matsutake mycelium. In addition, sequencing 16S rRNA region of 13 bacterial isolates was processed using two primers, 27F primer and 1492R primer. As result, 5 genus of bacteria were identified (2 Bacillus, 1 Microbacterium, 6 Paenibacillus, 2 Peribacillus, and 2 Pseudomonas). Result of this study is expected to contribute on promoted growth of T. matsutake.

Although Tricholoma matsutake has been preferred to consumers in Asia, cultivation of these mushrooms has been limited in nature because of symbiotic relationship between T. matsutake and its host, Pinus densiflora. To expand the variety of cultivation methods, co-cultivation with T. matsutake mycelium and fungi from shiro which T. matsutake fruiting body grow was processed in this study. In two Korean provinces, Bonghwa and Yangyang-gun, T. matsutake mycelium and 656 fungal isolates from shiro were collected. Based on the homogeneity of morphological features, 155 fungal isolates were selected for the co-cultivation. From the selected fungal isolates, filtered fungal metabolites were produced and injected on T. matsutake mycelium. As results, metabolites from 9 fungal isolates exhibited promoted growth of T. matsutake mycelium. Sequencing ITS region was processed using two primers (ITS4 and ITS5) and the 9 fungal isolates were identified (3 Penicillium, 2 Aspergillus, 1 Umbelopsis, 1 Penicillago, and 1 Cladosporium). These fungal isolates are expected to contribute on promoted growth of T. matsutake.

트러플은 대표적인 외생균근성 버섯으로 그 부가가치가 매우 높아 전세계적으로 인공재배에 대한 연구 가 진행되고 있으나 아직은 자연에 의존한 재배방식에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 균사 생장이 매우 느려 인공재배 및 산업화 연구에 어려움이 많은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 균사배양 최적 조건을 구명하 고자 질소원 종류에 따른 트러플 균주별 균사생장 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, JF58-01균주에서는 질소 원 중 염화암모늄, JF58-02균주에서는 질소원 중 주석산암모늄, JF58-03균주에서는 질소원 중 인산수소 암모늄에서 잘 자라는 것으로 조사되어 트러플은 균주에 따라 요구하는 질소원의 종류가 다른 것으로 조 사되었다.

Truffles are representative ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, and their added value is very high, so research on artificial cultivation is being conducted worldwide, but they still rely on natural cultivation methods of cultivation. In this study, the characteristics of mycelial growth for each truffle strain according to the type of nitrogen source were researched to find out the optimal conditions for artificial cultivation and industrialization. As a result, ammonium chloride in JF58-01strain, ammonium sultostannate in JF58-02strain, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate in JF58-03strain were the best and required nitrogen source was different depending on the strain.