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Addresses delivered by Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the President of Ukraine, during the Russia Ukraine war have drawn worldwide attention and have been considered persuasive. The purpose of this study is to analyze President Zelenskyy’s discourse from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA). Specifically, with the help of CDA, this study explores what linguistic and discoursal strategies he has employed to persuade others to achieve his goals. This paper also examines how these strategies have become persuasive by exploring three key elements of Aristotle’s theory of rhetoric: logos, ethos, and pathos; how social and political situations are reflected in his speeches is also assessed. To this end, this study analyzes three speeches made by President Zelenskyy to the European Parliament, the U.S. Congress, and the Japanese Parliament. The findings show that President Zelenskyy has used three persuasive strategies (lexical choices, grammatical structure, and evoking history) and has achieved partial success in receiving financial, political, and humanitarian support from other countries.

This study focuses on a special type of verbs, “generalized verbs”, in Chinese dialects, whose scope of use are very broad and vague. In the phenomenon of polysemy in English verbs, the close connection between multiple meanings is a process of extending from the central meaning of one word to other meanings. However, the meaning of a generalized verb is uncertain, and can only be affirmed in a specific context. Taking “zheng”(整) in Chinese Northeast Dialect as an example, this study conducted a corpus-based network analysis to explore the semantic development process of “zheng” and provided a reasonable explanation for its expansion rules. Generally, the meanings of the generalized verb “zheng” are to be classified into five categories, i.e., (1) to refer to an unspecified action, (2) to produce and yield results, (3) to use one’s body parts to make action, (4) to use tools and make action, (5) to refer to some fixed collocations and idioms.

This paper described phenomena related to the past tense in English, summarized the theories and empirical evidence to explain these phenomena. It aimed to present implications for the past tense and similar language phenomena in current deep learning models, such as ChatGPT, a modern large language model(LLM). The discussion related to the past tense in English dates back to when a special article called "The Past-Tense Debate" was published in Trends in Cognitive Sciences in 2002. As a result, seemingly simple language phenomena gained the interest of researchers in various fields such as linguistics, psychology, and computer science. Steven Pinker and Michael Ullman wrote a paper titled "The past and future of the past tense," to which James McClelland and Karalyn Patterson responded with a paper stating, "Words or Rules cannot exploit the regularity in exceptions." McClelland and Patterson published a paper titled "Rules or connections in past-tense inflections: what does the evidence rule out?" and Pinker and Ullman countered with "Combination and structure, not gradedness, is the issue." At this point, twenty years later, in 2023, ChatGPT, a neural network-based AI system, has attracted global attention. In this paper, we examine past tense theories and explore whether recent neural networks like ChatGPT resolve the past tense debate or if the issues raised in that debate are still relevant in the current era of artificial intelligence.

The Nuremberg Trials are often described as some of the most important trials in human history and have been studied in a variety of academic disciplines. However, the fact that they were multilingual trials relying on simultaneous interpreting from and into English, French, Russian, and German is often omitted in historical records. This study traces, from the perspective of Interpreting Studies, the first full-scale adoption of simultaneous interpreting during the trials and its subsequent impact on interpreting both as a profession and an academic discipline. Not only did simultaneous interpreters greatly expedite the Nuremberg Trials but also contributed thereafter to introducing simultaneous interpreting to international conferences, which in turn created a new profession of conference interpreters. As the demand for conference interpreters grew, interpreter training programs were created in universities, which led to the birth of Interpreting Studies in the early seventies. The role of the interpreter in all such interpreted events needs to be examined through a historical lens, a field still underexplored in Interpreting Studies.

This study aims to examine the perceptual patterns of Korean stop consonants in word-initial position among Sri Lankan learners. Using Best's PAM as a theoretical framework, we predicted how Sri Lankans would assimilate Korean sounds to Sinhala sounds, and also examined the perceptual changes in Sri Lankan Korean language learners (beginner and intermediate) as their learning experience increased. The prediction based on the results of Perception Experiment I was that Sri Lankan learners would have great difficulty distinguishing between lenis and fortis in the case of bilabial and velar stops when perceiving word-initial stops. In the case of alveolar consonants, it would be difficult to perceive not only lenis- fortis but also lenis-aspirated pairs, and the order of difficulty was predicted to be / /-/ / > / /-/ / > / /-/ /. The results of Perception Experiment II showed results that were generally consistent with the predictions of PAM for both beginner and intermediate levels. Even with increased learning experience, Sri Lankan learners were found to still have difficulty perceiving ‘fortis’.

France and the European Union face intricate challenges due to their diverse socio-cultural landscapes, hosting numerous languages and cultures that pose complexities in policy formulation and implementation. This article dives deep into the linguistic implications within multicultural policies of these regions, examining their impacts, hurdles, and future prospects. Emphasizing the historical context of immigration and its linguistic consequences, it seeks to contextualize linguistic issues in the multicultural policies of France and the European Union. Migrant reception in these territories has a convoluted history influenced by political, economic, and social events, attracting individuals escaping conflict or seeking asylum, which shaped the evolution of reception policies. In France, immigration spanning centuries notably diversified post-Second World War, enriching society culturally and linguistically with languages like Arabic, Berber, Tamazight, and Creole coexisting with French, the official language. Within the EU, diverse migratory movements contributed to linguistic variety, and policies promoting free movement fostered settlement in member countries, triggering challenges in social cohesion, integration, and access to services. Efforts to address these issues through multicultural policies have become vital, impacting social and political life by raising concerns about minority languages, cultural identity preservation, and equal rights regardless of one's mother tongue. Education and public service access, crucial aspects for inclusive societies, face significant challenges in both France and the EU. France's focus on promoting French has marginalized regional and minority languages, impacting bilingual education accessibility. Despite EU initiatives encouraging linguistic diversity, disparities in member countries persist, limiting quality multilingual education. Language barriers present substantial challenges in accessing public services for migrants and minority language communities, affecting their fundamental rights and social integration. Ensuring inclusive services for all demands policies acknowledging linguistic diversity. An inclusive approach is essential in managing language issues in education and public services. Educational policies should preserve minority languages while ensuring proficiency in the national language. Addressing language barriers in public services is crucial for genuine equal opportunities and active participation in societal life.

With the spirit of the age shifting toward personal narrative and inner reflection, this paper revises the confessional poetry of Anne Sexton, who honed the art of self-revelation under the tutelage of Robert Lowell. By mastering the art of revealing private episodes of mental illness and confessing raw emotions and feelings caused by them, she fulfills her social responsibility for providing a model of confessing the hardship of fighting the mental illness for a general readership suffering from similar mental illnesses. Thus, through a close reading of Sexton's poems that embodies her strategy of dramatic confession, this paper will examine how she speaks up the themes that the mainstream social system does not want to hear and that are not considered as beautiful by the standards of mainstream literature, such as panic, depression, alcoholism, hallucinations, lesbian identity, loss of love, loss of family, menstruation, abortion, drug addiction, drug treatment, sex, erotic fantasy, religion, suicidal thoughts, and death. In conclusion, by shedding light on the difference of Sexton’s dramatic confessional poetry, this paper suggests Sexton should occupy a rightful place next to Lowell and Plath in the history of contemporary American poetry.

In the late 19th century, the appearance of Francis Jammes was a refreshing shock to French poetry. The landscape he drew from his native country was particularly effective in raising the sensitivity of nature to readers. This paper examines his life and ways of expressing or presenting nature in detail to shed light on this phenomenon. He was a rustic poet, deeply attached to the earth and never left his home country. Nature was for him life itself, more than a place to live. and an inexhaustible source of inspiration. He presented the nature felt and lived with simplicity and transparency. His sense that instantly captures nature's details is profound and vivid. The Béarnese landscape thus represented was not a nature developed by intelligence or feeling, nor was it transformed by imagination. By remaining true to his senses, by abandoning literary formulae and anthropocentric perspectives, he was able to bring nature into its primitive form. Thus, the world of things as such expressed or presented itself, and the relationship between humans and things is re-balanced. Things retain their identity and become existing entities in the same way as men. In this regard, it can be said that Jammes rehabilitated nature that had quickly slipped along the path of idealization and abstraction after Romanticism. In other words, nature, which has been transformed into a colony of the mind, is liberated. At the beginning of the 20th century, this poetic, warm and fresh naturalism enabled him to have a great influence on a number of young writers.

This paper explores the dystopian visions presented in Charlie Brooker’s “Nosedive” and Ken Liu’s “The Perfect Match,” delving into their unsettling portrayals of a future (or parallel present) that challenges the optimistic narratives tech giants tend to spin about digitally augmented, eternally connected world. Both narratives, featuring worlds run by corporations resembling Meta and Google, prompt reflection on how personal online behaviors contribute to a dehumanizing surveillance structure that erodes autonomy, reducing individuals to exploitable data within the neoliberal capitalist market. The earlier half of this paper explores the ways in whichthe lateral surveillance we see in “Nosedive” turns society into a glass paneled panopticon, making the world shallower and narrower. The rating system based on lateral surveillance undermines democracy and disempowers individuals, forcing them behave asdocile consumers and monetizable data to be harnessed by corporations and the State in their efforts to reinforce surveillance capitalism. The latter part of this paper focuses on “The Perfect Match,” which offers a more direct glimpse into surveillance capitalism’s mechanisms. The story portrays a future where people willingly surrender personal data and autonomy to tech giants, lured by the convenience provided by high-tech devices such as “Tilly,” a personal assistant program. The story also serves as a cautionary tale, revealing how this surrender reduces humans to data reservoirs and consumers that can be easily exploited through specifically targeted product recommendations. While Brooker and Liu’s futures appear grim, I interpret “Nosedive” and “The Perfect Match” as critical dystopian texts infused with hope, for the open endings we find in both reveal the writers’ beliefs in human’s resistant agency, which cannot be fully extinguished under the grip of high-tech surveillance societies.