Earticle

Korean is an agglutinative language where grammatical categories are realized with morphemes. As compared to Indo-European languages which are inflecting languages, Korean grammatical forms are relatively simple and regular. Further, ellipsis is rare phenomena in Korean grammar. Taking these into consideration, issues and methods for a study of Korean grammar must be determined by careful examination of grammatical characteristics observed in the empirical data rather than by grammatical theories proposed for Indo-European languages. The word order of Korean sentences has been described as ‘SOV’, but this generalization is couched in terms of sentence structure of Indo-European languages. There are many utterances that do not have ‘subject’. Further some sentences appear to have more than two ‘subjects’, and there is no fixed ordering between subject and object. This necessitates a careful reexamination of the traditional generalizations: the generalization that a sentence consists of subject and predicate and the generalization that the concept of ‘subject’ is necessary for a sentence structure in Korean. This study analyses sentences as consisting of ‘topic+comment’, not of ‘subject+predicate’. Accordingly, word-order in Korean should be described in terms of ‘topic’ and ‘comment’. This ordering of ‘topic-comment’ is very strict, and so is the ordering of ‘modifier-modified’.

This article has focus on the diachronic changes of possessive particles and adverbial particles in Kyorinsuji, Korean studies book had been written by Hosu Amenomori and it has 15 versions which have transcripts and printed books. Especially we researched the changes of particles ‘의’ and ‘에’ diachronically in the basis of one of Kyorinsuji, Astonbon(1846) vol.1. In the Astonbon it has revealed the typical adverbial particle is ‘의’, it is very specific phenomenon to compare to domestic transcripts.

This paper aims to find out the specific features of the aspect to receive So Dong Pa(蘇東坡), for the poets in the Era of Koryo(高麗). And this paper's basic materials are the korean collections of anecdotes with poems. So Dong Pa is the poet who has broken new ground in the Song dynasty's literary world. His literary works are on the foundation of his outstanding talent, broad and deep learning. So, his literary works are praised as ‘the indomitable and the abundance(豪邁富贍)’ Late in the 11th century, the literary fame of So Dong Pa spreads in Koryo(高麗). The poets in Koryo gradually are going to set a high value on So Dong Pa, so the anthology of So Dong Pa's works is reprinted, and more and more the poets in Koryo are enthusiastically earnest in learning So Dong Pa's literary works. The poets in Koryo regard the So Dong Pa's works as the fine type of verse writing, and take final aim at So Dong Pa as Li Po(李白), Tu Fu(杜甫). A part of the poets in Koryo are able to approach to So Dong Pa, but a large majority are not able to approach to true features of So Dong Pa, and they simply take advantage of rationalizing their verse writing,

This paper investigated expressive appearance by Lee Eonjin who was called early dead genius poet. He experienced various documentary records and advanced culture from childhood. As a result, he expanded his understanding about world and elevated self-consciousness. He developed literary talent reading and recording various books. The literary talent produced original outcomes, namely Hodonggeosil. He was good at writing many poems quickly and maintained poetics of ‘Jinsi’ and ‘Gisin’ that was influenced by the teacher Lee Yonghyu. But his poems were criticized because they didn't escape reactionism from the view of the main current of literary world. Hodonggeosil was written in the crossing of his conceit and unfortunate consciousness. His unfortunate consciousness that appeared in Hodonggeosil was represented largely in two ways. One is negative attention towards the world, and the other is inner attention glancing self-consciousness. He symbolized these two attentions through the space of ‘Hodong’ and ‘Geosil’. In the space of ‘Hodong’ his attention was cynical and critical about absurd reality and the people that lived in the reality. Contrary to it, ‘Geosil’ was the space that realized subject and recovered self-consciousness. That is, ‘Geosil’ was the space of seeking after truth. To him, seeking after truth was ultimately the process of writing ‘Jinsi’. It was the way of overcoming conflict and opposition between the world and himself. But it was a pity the fact that his distinct self-consciousness was buried in the selfish pride. ‘Early dead genius poet’, ‘Haughty pride and resistance’ was implied such inner characteristics.

This work started with some question about the meaning of Korean Classic Novel. Classic created long long ago, but it' meaning is alive now, so then, in case of the Novel wriiten in chosun Dy, what is the meaning of the classic. It is very useful to compare Novel to TV drama for research the meanning. TV drama and the Old Novel have common factor in many ways. The main space of narrative set up family house or clan, and the main event is marriage. The event of marriage involves inner and external conflicts. In this case inner conflict due to feud of his and her pride, external conflict due to feud between son and his parents. Korean TV drama have the tendency to lack of historical motif, national motif, detective story etc. This tendency is very important feature of korean drama. Other hands, historical, national motif is the main feature in chinese drama and detective story is the main feature in american drama such like <CSI>. These feature of drama is connected with their narrative tradition. In the tradition of Korean old novel, we can not discover that feature. This feature is Korean feeling structure which is created for long time by many people. The feeling structure is not change.

Modern poets do not use symbol because it restricts freedom of imagination. Symbol was effective rhetoric in traditional societies in which literary works aimed at spreading and tightening ideology. Modern poets wants to write works of recentness from the basis of critical rationality contrarily. They did not make conventional symbol, on the contrary, they broke it. There are some cases that conventional symbols are made by poets in modern times. For example, symbol of Jiri-Mountain was made in 1950's. Conventional symbols are made by ideology. As the influence of ideology is lessened, Symbols in certain age are replaced by individual symbols or conventional symbols.

This paper studies characteristic of eternity and nature of Park Young Cheol's poem and analyzes the interaction of purity poetry and form poetry of Park Young Cheol's. It is times pointed out that poetry of statement, poetry of real and beyond real of Park Young Cheol was features of the his hole poetry. His poetry of the interaction of purity poetry and form poetry aesthetics senses of Park Young Cheol has been involved features the first stage poetry. That is real and beyond real, poetic I in whole period. Especially it restarted experience of the thought of poetry of real and beyond real, eternity of with that period. The poetical investigation of Park Young Cheol as we pointed out in his poetry, embodies on poetry of real and beyond real of modern korean poetry. That is to say, and real, beyond real in his absolute and life, have the opportunity to understand in his whole poetry. The utopia and the interaction of real, beyond real are the important concept the whole stage poetry. This work is the first stage departing from the interaction of purity poetry of Park Young Cheol's poetry.

This paper discussed a modern Korean poet Yi Yuk-sa from the point of view that he had been influenced by a famous German philosopher Nietzsche. Yi Yuk-sa mentioned Nietzsche's poem “Autumn” in his essay “Looks of Season”. He was the first man of letters in our country who had thought Nietzsche as a poet. In Yi Yuk-sa's masterpiece “Great Land”, we have the unfamiliar poetic word ‘Overman’. I thought this word had come from Nietzsche's ‘Ubermensch’, and another word ‘White Horse’ in this poem was connected with the French general and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. It was widely known that Napoleon had ridden white horse in many battlefields. Yi Yuk-sa's ‘Great Land’ also corresponds to Nietzsche's concept ‘The Earth’. Therefore Yi Yuk-sa's ‘Great Land’ is to ‘Overman’ what Nietzsche's ‘The Earth’ is to ‘Ubermensch’. In Europe, Nietzsche is called a ‘philosopher-artist’. Likewise, Yi Yuk-sa can be called a ‘thinker-poet’ in the history of modern Korean literature, for Yi Yuk-sa was a kind of poet who had often changed his historical and social thoughts into lyric poetry.

The aim of this paper is to examine the language theory in Kim, Soo-Young' literature. When he faced modern surroundings, he understood the problems of the modernity and took for the imperative of the modernity. He was interested in modern language theory, transformed it according to Korean reality, and presented poetic language theory. In early time, he was oriented to the communication of language in poetry, stressed on meaning of it. At first time, though he was influenced by Allen Tate, he gradually introduced various language theory. Especially, he was influenced deeply by Maurice Blanchot. Born in 1920s and emerged as an poet in the 1950s, he was also confronted the linguistic mixture problems. He used poetic language with native language, Chinese characters and foreign words, transformed it according to the context of poem. In addition, he stressed “operation of language” which was contrasted with “description of language.” After that, owing to Maurice Blanchot' literature theory, he found the silence of language and the expression evoking the invisible extraordinariness. He related it with Giacometti's method which he called “Giacomettian transformation”, which he applied to his “The Snow” and his last poem “The Grass”. It showed the conflict with reality.

The purpose of this paper is to survey the author-biographical fiction of the author Lee Tae-jun(이태준). At the first era of the author-biographical fiction the author Lee Tae-jun presented the resistance of anti-secular, in the short-stories <The Home town(고향)>, <Nothing was happened(아무일도 없소)>, and <The pure Feeling(순정)>. At the second era of the author-biographical fiction the author Lee Tae-jun presented the trace of the worry in the last Japanes imperial period, in the short-stories <The rainy days(장마)>, <The story of the rabbits(토끼 이야기)> and <Paekangnaeng(패강냉)>, and the novel <The Lunar Night of the thought(사상의 월야)>. The last era of the author-biographical fiction the author Lee Tae-jun presented the reasons of the transition of the thought after the liberation of the country from the Japanese colony in the short novel <Before and After the Liberation(해방전후)>. Especially in the re-writing the novel <The Lunar Night of the thought(사상의 월야)> he presented the reasons of it.

HonBul(The Light of Soul), written by Choi, Myoung-Hee, one of the most famous female writers in Korea, is a large-scale historical narrative famous of it's vast and detailed knowledge about the traditional Korean folk customs. The fact that a vast range of popular morals of ancient Korean community are introduced and depicted to its substantial essence is it's virtue. But the novel also is known as having some definite limit that the amount of knowledge is too large to keep balance with the historical narratives of the lives of the contemporary people and historical meaning inherent in their lives of that era. So, because the novel's knowledge about the facts overwhelms and substitutes the specific lives of historical beings, to some critics, the novel is regarded showing deficiency as a historical narrative from which in it's own definition be demanded a narrative of organizational totality of a specific times, spaces, objects and human lives. It seems to be because of the novel's undifferentiated mixing historical law of cause and effect with a vast, but fragmented knowledges of traditional customs. Nevertheless, HonBul(The Light of Soul) should be lifted out of it's all defects, and so be the author, because the universe of HonBul reconstructed by author is shining brilliantly with the valuable cultural heritage of our own nation, and because the light of which is providing so much bright spot to our contemporary civil life. The traditional community depicted in HonBul is a world consisted of true hearted human beings, noble formalities of politeness and respect for neighbors. That it is so-called a community of courtesy, forgotten in our present mundane world full of vulgar customs and relationships, is very the fact because of which HonBul and it's author should be respected constantly.

In a comparative study between a novel and a movie which adapts the novel, the movie has not been unnoticed yet, because the novel has been considered much more important. So, this thesis studies “Milyang,” which dramatizes a novel, “The Story of A Worm” but has its own story values, and tries to identify its own originality. By analyzing “The Story of A Worm,” this thesis finds out some facts. First, it has an enigmatic structure which repeats encoding and decoding. Secondly, it ends with a wife's death and the limitation of human power before God. Thirdly, mental process of a wife or a narrator repeats and changes by stages, and it engages with tragic descending structure which ends in catastrophic death. “Milyang” has a ‘secret’ structure, which induces detection of a tragic life's reason which is hidden in a veil of mystery, by analyzing the characteristics of ‘Shinae.’ And the secret of God's existence presented as parts of Nature, such as sky, cloud, sunlight, etc. is described as the theme of sin, forgiveness, and redemption. “Milyang” shows a possibility of redemption through its ending. It ends with not Shinae's death but her attempted suicide. And she gets back to normal when she is out of a mental hospital. She also has her hair cut for herself. There would be always Jongchan next to her, reflecting her with a mirror. And at that moment, sun shines brightly. “Story of Worm” and “Milyang” use the same motif: disappearance and kidnapping in their surface structure, and forgiveness and redemption in deep structure. Especially, Both of them focus on not missing and death of a child but human's ineffective struggle against God through mental process of a wife/Shinae. They have some differences, however. Disappearance of a child in “The Story of A Worm” is like a violence of a life without any previous warning. It is because of tragic reality. On the other hand, a child missing in “Milyang” is caused by Shinae's show-off. A wife in “The Story of A Worm” accepts naturally the existence of God after disappearance and death of her child. However, Shinae denies the invisible thing at first but in the end meets God, sobbing desperately after her child's death. At the last scene of “Milyang,” Shinae has her hair cut looking into a mirror, contrary to a wife's death in “The Story of A Worm.” It means a new possibility of her recovery. In conclusion, there are major two differences between them. First, although it is an adapted movie from a novel, “Milyang” becomes more extensive work through creative reconstruction of characters, intense and dramatic confrontation consciousness, symbolic ending, etc. Secondly, the common themes of both works, such as life and death, sin and redemption, forgiveness and revenge, God and human, etc. meet with various movie elements, like music, illumination, direction, camera technique, etc., and thus leads to new aesthetic possibility and philosophic introspection.

With the advancement of Korea's reputation in the global economy, the learners of Korean as a foreign language has been increasing by leaps and bounds. This study aims (1) to provide the diachronic and synchronic perspective of teaching/learning Korean as a foreign language, (2) to compare and contrast teaching Korean as the first language (K1) and teaching Korean as a foreign language (KF), and (3) to present effective ways of teaching KF. Teaching KF needs to be distinguished from teaching K1: they have different kinds of learners with different study goals. Yet they also have a common ground, namely the Korean language, and it becomes worthwhile to look into a proper relation between them. Korean is being learned in diverse countries with various motivations: we need to develop teaching materials and curriculum customized for different situations and motivations. The following methods are taken to be effective in this study: First, learns' cognitive process are inevitably affected by their first language. So teaching KF can benefit a lot from comparing and contrasting the learners' first language and Korean. Second, it is suggested that Korean language needs to be taught along with the Korean culture: learning a foreign language is more than learning its linguistic structures. A good language learner should know how to communicate in a culturally appropriate manner. Third, it is important to advertise the excellency of Korean alphabet, Hangul. Hangul is easy to learn and use, as many scholars have witnessed. International popularity of Hangul can boost learners' motivation, the key to a successful learning.

What is the notion of the Korean Language Education and how can we classify it? There are many different terms and concepts of the Korean Language Education depending upon purpose and goal. The Korean Language Education is teaching and learning of Korean Language and Korean Literature based on the educational procedure and method. The Korean Language Education has focused on language for last 40 years. This orientation might back to the national resistance against Japanese rule during the Colonial Period(1910 -1945). Korean must have collectivity consciousness of one nation embedded in Korean Language. Language of Korean is not only language but spirit and soul of the colonial Chosun, which symbolizes and substitutes the nos-existing State of Korea. The Korean Language Education classified as Social Science, not Humanities according to the Korean Research Foundation. Reason comes from the subject as Education. In an academic hierarchy or classification, education belongs to Social Science. Automatically, the Korean Language Education classified the field of the Social Science. The Korean Language Education has two sides as Humanities and Social Science. Lots of educators of the Korean Language Education would regard it as Humanities as well as Social Science. Ideal form of the Korean Language Education will be mixed system and form of two sides.