Earticle

These days, our language, the Korean language, has been changed rapidly. Drastic meaning change is one of the changes. This thesis focuses on the very drastic meaning change. The purpose of this thesis is to find the words whose meaning has been changed or has been changing, to track their changing process and to try to find their final meaning. The words that are examined in this thesis are ‘삼촌(Samchon), 이모(Yimo), 아버님(Ahbu-nym), 어머님(Uhmu-nym), 언니(Uhnny), 애인(Ae-in), 얘(Ye), 쟤(Je).’ By examining these words, the drastic meaning changes are happened in noun words, adjective words, and adverb words, as well as in the pure korean words and in the Chinese words. The followings are the words that has gone through the meaning changes. In general, the changes are caused by the context expansion of meaning apply, the trait of meaning abstract, and the formal motivation loss. Samchon(uncle, in the original Korean meaning): (a) the unmarried young man, at the similar age of uncle, (b) the young man, at the similar age of uncle, (c) the middle-aged man, at the similar age of uncle, (d) the young man, (e) the unmarried young man, at the similar age of his/her own, (f) the unmarried, younger man, (g) the young man who buys things online on behalf of somebody. Yimo(aunt, especially mother's sister, in the original Korean meaning): the unmarried young woman, at the similar age of aunt, (b) the woman, at the similar age of aunt, (c) the middle-aged or an old-aged woman, at the similar age of aunt, (d) the middle-aged or an old-aged woman who employs prostitutes and manages prostitution, like a mistress of a brothel. Yimo-nym(aunt, especially mother's sister, in the original Korean meaning): the middle-aged or an old-aged woman, at the similar age of aunt. Ahbu-nym(father): (a) father in law (especially from the son-in-law), (b) an old-aged man, at the similar age of father, but not knowing him. Uhmu-nym(mother): (a) mother in law (especially from the son-in-law), (b) an old-aged woman, at the similar age of mother, but not knowing her. Uhnny(elder sister, in the original Korean meaning): the young woman. Ae-in(lover, in the original Korean meaning): the man and woman between lovers in the relationship of adultery. Ye(this people, in the original Korean meaning): this thing. Je(that people, in the original Korean meaning): that thing.

필자는 이 논문에서 ｢남염부주지｣에 나타난 염부주(지옥) 형상의 특징에 대해서 살펴보았다. 논의를 요약하면 다음과 같다. ｢남염부주지｣에서는 염부주가 벗어날 길이 없는 뜨거운 불의 城, 극심한 고통을 겪어야 할 곳이라고 말하고 있다. 하지만 그와 동시에 염부주는 염왕이 君師로서 백성들에게 교화(덕화와 예교)를 베풀어 그들이 전생에서 잘못한 바를 깨닫고 새로운 존재로, 至善한 존재로 거듭나게 하는 공간이라고 했다. ｢남염부주지｣에서는 아무리 죄질이 나쁜 “시역간흉의 무리”라고 하더라도 교화를 통해 至善에 이르게 된다고 했다. 인간 본성의 선함을 확신한다는 말이다. 염부주에서는 유교의 덕과 예에 입각한 교화가 이루어진다고 했다. 덕과 예는 현세와 내세를 일관하는 至高의 가치라는 말이다. 한편 염부주에서는 고립된 개인에게 형벌이 가해지는 것이 아니라 사회적 관계망 속에서 형벌과 교화가 동시에 주어진다고 했다. 그래서 처벌과 교화, 즉 刑德을 兼用하는 君師인 염왕이 이상적인 통치자로 그려진다. 요컨대 인성의 선함을 회복할 수 있다는 믿음, 덕과 예의 초월적 가치 인정, 君師의 刑德에 따라 운용되는 사회를 이상화하는 점 - 이 세 가지는 작가 김시습이 가지고 있던 유교적 사고방식이라고 할 수 있다. 지옥을 설정하고, ‘설령 지옥에서라도’ 이 세 가지는 변함없이 유지된다고 말하고 있다. 바로 이 점이 ｢남염부주지｣의 독자적인 설정이다. 염부주의 백성은 서로 어울려 君師인 염왕의 처벌과 교화를 받으면서 본성의 선함을 회복하고 있는 중이기 때문에 고통을 겪으면서도 때로 서로 웃고 이야기할 수 있는 것이다.

In this paper, characteristics of appearance of hell shown in ｢Namyeombujujj(南炎浮洲志)｣ had been told and it is summarized as follows. In ｢Namyeombujujj｣, Yeombuju(炎浮洲) is described as a castle of hot fire where nobody can escape from and a place where one should suffer extreme pain. But at the same time, Yeombuju is a place where King of hell educates people so that people can realize faults of the past life and be born again as a new and best being. In ｢Namyeombujujj｣, even a person who committed vice in the past life can reach the highest good through edification. This means that human nature is good. It is said that edification based on virtue and courtesy of Confucianism is made in Yeombuju. Virtue and courtesy is the best value of all period of present and next world. On the other hand, in Yeombuju, punishment is not added to isolated individual but punishment and edification is given at the same time in the midst of social relational network. So King of hell is described as an ideal governor who can use punishment and edification, that is, law and virtue. In short, it can be said that Kim Si-seup, an author had Confucian thinking like these - belief in possibility to recover human nature, recognition of transcendental value of punishment and edification, pursuit of idealized society operated by punishment and edification of King as a teacher of people. He assumes hell and said that 'even in the hell,' these three points are maintained without change. This is the very unique setting of ｢Namyeombujujj｣. People in Yeombuju get along together and receive punishment and edification from King of hell. As they are recovering human good nature in this process, they can sometimes smile and talk together even in the pain.

21st century could be the age of story telling. Story telling is not only limited to the terms of literature, also appears in the area of society, economics, culture, and etc. Even movie, soap opera, performance, album, travel, game markets are looking for the materials of story telling, and theme park, amusement park, political circle realize the importance of story telling. The old novels are used for important resource in the age of story telling. This study reviews old novels which melt in the commercial generated the cultural value With the picturization of old novel, we look for how old novels are used and reduced in modern culture The object of researches are <choon Hyang Jeon>, <Sim Cheong Jeon>, <Heungbu Jeon>, <Tokki Jeon>, and it was pointed out the method of practical use and limitation from the scene of commercials. The commercial uses 3~4 scenes from each old novels. The reasons are found from inordinate animation and cutting off reading old novels. The upright awareness and reading of old novel will regain with more method as basis of modern culture.

This study has reviewed various discussions of Jeong Ji-yong’s poems based on the each work analyses, and the outcomes are as follows. Jeong Ji-yong’s poems discussed are confined to his major works such as “Hyangsoo”(homesickness), “Yoorichang1”(window1), “Bada2”(sea2), and “Bee”(rain). The works that still remain controversial are “Bada2” and “Yooseonaesang”(sorrow for streamline shape). The former’s issue is that which one the subject of the second half of the poem is, sea or speaker. The latter’s issue is on the object of the poem, which can be analyzed diversely from duck to car. The poems that the arguments more advanced are “Yoorichang1”, “Mal”(horse), and “Dogoul”(digging out by stealth). Jeong Ji-yong’s representative work “Yoorichang1” was analyzed by Oh Se-young and Lee Nam-ho in terms of content structure. When it comes to “Mal” and “Dogoul”, Lee Eo-ryoung and Kim Seung-jong's analysises are significant, respectively. The analytical levels of Jeong Ji-yong’s poems are not qualitatively advanced considering its enormous quantity, and so do his major works. This study suggests a desirable direction for work analysis as follows: analyzing the content structure minutely, reading the very core closely, and interpreting poetic form structurally. The significance of this study is that from the review of work discussions, it serves as a touchstone for poem analysis. For this, this study should be expanded to cover the diverse interpretations about meaningful elements or segments, which is a limit of this study.

Focusing on the literature of 1980s' in Korea means to question the historical meaning of the collective memories about that times. There being some keen tensions between the truth and memories, facts and the fictitious, this should be the tasks of literary criticism. This essay investigates the works written for recent 20years by Bang, Hyun-Suk, who has been estimated as one of the most famous labor novelists of korean 1980s', through which it can be seen how the 1980s' resistant and combatant humanism, with a peculiar charactering way of individual human pathos, can adjust or renew itself to the needs of 1990s' new generation. Humanism, as a kind of liberated anthropology, is a way of envisioning the optimum conditions for human being and the desirable social relationship within individuals. As Bang, Hyun-Suk was a chief author who explored in his works the 1980s' resistant movement guided by combatant humanism, he could be a good testimony for the last 20years' vigorous efforts of korean literature concerning on new visions of another humanism. Major works are as follows, House of Opening the Future up(『내일을 여는 집』, 1991), During Ten Years(『십년간』, 1995), Time of Eating Lobster(『랍스터를 먹는 시간』, 2003).

과학소설 비행선>은 김교제가 역술한 신소설로, 그 원작을 알 수 없는 작품이다. 본고는 <비행선>에서 제국의 문명과 과학기술을 둘러싼 근대적 인식이 어떻게 서사화되는지 밝히고자 한다. <과학소설 비행선>은 미국 뉴욕에서 일어난 살인사건을 추적하는 전반부와 잡맹특에서 벌어지는 모험 활극을 그리는 후반부로 구성된다. 탐험가와 탐정의 역할이 구분되지 않는 상황에서 근대적 합리성을 갖춘 제국 남성 주체는 근대 자본주의 사회의 영웅으로 부상하며 서사를 추동해간다. 문명과 야만의 척도는 발전된 문명이나 과학기술이 아니라 개방이냐 쇄국이냐에 달린 것이기에 잡맹특은 야만의 국가로서 문명 제국의 탐험가에 의해 발견되고 호명되는 대상이 될 뿐이다. 지극한 합리성으로 구현된 잡맹특은 과학 문명의 이상향을 그리지만 통제되고 폐쇄된 국가이기에 그것은 비인간적이며 위험한 것이 되고 만다. 앞선 과학 기술 문명을 보여주는 잡맹특을 ‘문명의 제국’이 아니라 ‘미개한 야만국’으로 호명하는 <비행선>은 과학 소설에서 ‘과학의 제국’은 ‘제국의 과학’에 복속되며 과학 기술이란 결국 누구의 과학이냐에 따라 그 가치가 결정되는 것으로 남는다는 것을 보여준다. 서구 제국을 중심으로 활발하게 창작된 과학소설이야말로 서구 제국주의를 강화하고 서구 주체의 모험활극을 통해 다른 세계의 야만성을 단적으로 확정짓는 서사적 폭력이라고 할 수 있다.

Scientific Romance An Airship> not have been known to its original works is an adaptation novel by Kim, Gyo-je. This study aims to search how the modern perception on the civilization of Western Empire and scientific technology is narrated in <Scientific Romance An Airship>. This works consists of the first half -detective narrative in New York and of the latter half - adventure narrative in Japmaengtek. In condition not divided an explorer into a detective, a Western imperial man with modern rationality comes to the fore as a hero in modern capitalism society and he leads the narrative. Japmaengtek is found out and called as a savage country by the explorer from Western Empire because the standard between a civilization and a savage is not prosperity of scientific technology but degree of open. This country with full rationality shows an utopia of scientific civilization but it is very dangerous and anti-human country because of its control and exclusivism. In conclusion, this works shows that an Empire of science is submit to the science of Western Empire and that the value of scientific technology is decided with its ownership in science fictions. Science fictions written actively in Western Empire is a kind of narrative violence because they strengthen western Imperialism and confirm the savageness of the other countries with adventure and action of western subject's.

This thesis deals with the Lim's early works from the drama of <a Reservoir > to the scenario of <a Dray-horse man>. Mr. Lim was an active writer in radio dramas and scenarios rather than in dramas, but his works were not studied well because those fields were out of concern of scholars. So I tried to study comprehensively his radio dramas and scenarios including dramas in this thesis. One of his representative works, <a Dray-horse man> appeared at the center of his career and was the end of his works covering social phenomena such as "refugee" and "poverty" that were the subject matter of his early scenarios. In other words, <a Dray-horse man> is his last work that shows the realism of the writer who had worked in the mass arts and the limit of melodramas. This may result from the situation of his time when the writer with complete realism spirit had to write many popular dramas to survive. It is a pity to see such a competent writer lose his characteristics.

The purpose of this paper is to classify the conventional dictions in the letters of gentry class and examine their characteristics. Letters are different from self-sufficient literary works because particular writers send them to the particular receivers. Letter required certain formalities and used different dictions according to the status, age, social and family relations. The ideal of Confucian gentry was ruling people based on moral training and they had to read a lot to pass the Gwageo test to be government officials. The books they had to read were the classical books from China: the Four Books and Five Classics of Ancient China. So most letter dictions of the gentry class were from these classical books. Common dictions are classified into humble speech, respectful diction, euphuistic diction, dictions according to title, kinsfolk, greeting, praying, safety, health, disease, mourning, government office, deed, shape, condition, place name, weather and season, etiquette, Gwageo, name of things, and age. The characteristics of the letter dictions of the gentry class are as follows: 1) implicative 2) pedantic 3) literary 4) idiomatic 5) different from common language 6) courteous and modest 7) use of different dictions according to the status, age, relation of the sender and receiver