Earticle

This paper aims first to classify the different types of ‘NP-를 NP-로 하다’ sentences, and then to investigate the syntactic and semantic characteristics of each types. These sentences are divided into three classes according to two criteria. One is whether these permit the omission of ‘하여’ or not, and the other whether the noun of ‘NP-로’ is abstract noun or concrete noun. First class is ‘하다’ of sentences which don't allow for the omission of ‘하여’. And ‘하다’ of this class is the verb which has <NP-가, NP-를, NP-로> as argument structure. But unusually [{명의/이름/소유}-로+하다], [필요로+하다], [최우선으로+하다], [필수로+하다] etc are ‘complex predicate(CP)’ although ‘하여’ in sentences which these CPs function as predicate can not be omitted. Second class is CP sentences which ‘NP-로’ and ‘하다’ formation [NP-로+하다] CP. In these sentences ‘하여’ can omitted and the noun of ‘NP-로’ is abstract noun. And this class has one subclass which CP can not combine with conclusive ending, and the other subclass which CP can. By the way in the latter subclass CP of conclusive ending form and CP of non-conclusive ending form are the different CP although these have the same ‘NP-로’. Third class is the sentences which ‘하다’ verb functions as predicate although ‘하여’ can omitted. The noun of ‘NP-로’ in these is concrete noun. In semantic interpretation of these sentences the nouns of NP-를 represent tokens or contents shape up the meaning that the nouns of ‘NP-로’ have.

This thesis aims at the study of the historical changes of 68 words beginning with a vowel and on-glide y/w in Chungcheongbuk-do dialect. In this thesis is there an introduction to the lexicalphonology of Chungcheongbuk-do dialect. In this study Gyeonggi-do dialect, Gangwon-do dialect, Gyeongsang-do dialect, Jeolla-do dialect also performed some roles for setting up the steps of the historical changes of the words, and for the assumption about the phonological rules and the order of the phonological rules. In the steps of the historical development of the above 68 words are there various phonological changes: addition of h, n, ŋ, glide y, glide w, deletion of h, p, glide y, glide w, ɨ, word initial n & r, tensification of s and č, aspiration of k, umlaut of a, ə, o, u, metathesis(ex. ya>ay, yə>əy), monophthongization(ex. ay>ɛ, əy>e, oy>ö, uy>ü) etc.

The purpose of this thesis is discussing a aspect of the literary man's organization and Communications of knowledge in 19th century with analyzing their books. First of all, I referred to their political and social background in Chosun(朝鮮) for the basis of this background, I examined thoroughly typical methods about organizing and communicating knowledge. There are three types in their methods. One is that they arranged items with a highly accurate way. The other is that they analyzed and described informations vividly. Finally, I discussed their field Survey for verification. Now we have a some problem for final solution. We have to study out whole aspects of the literary man's organization and Communications of knowledge in 19th century. This problem is needed to require further examination.

‘Hunjajilga(訓子姪歌)’ is one of the moral poem which was written by Park Hyung Deok(朴馨德: 1731～1815). The aim of this paper is to examine the characteristic of composition, contents and intention of this work. In the characteristic of composition, most Moral Kasa(敎訓歌辭) was written on the basis of ‘Dong Mong Sun Seup(童蒙先習)’. but this work was based on ‘Gyeok Mong Yo Gyeol(擊蒙要訣)’ which was written by Lee Iee(1536～1584). In contrast to 'Dong Mong Sun Seup', the structure of ‘Gyeok Mong Yo Gyeol’ have merits that can contain a rule of life and manage one’s property as well as can arrange in the order of the academic sequence -moral training → home management → ruling a country → restore peace in the whole country(修身齊家治國平天下). The reason for this work on the basis of ‘Gyeok Mong Yo Gyeol’, the author regard not only this book but also place the focus on the encouragement of learning. Another focus of this work is management of his property. In the latter part of the Chosŏn dynasty nobility regard the financial power and political authority as a precondition for maintain his family. Because they were absorbed in the encouragement of learning and the management of property

This article examined in terms of the figures involved in Danyang how numerous writers of Chinese poetry who had visited the Danyang area for a long time described what it was like, in what sense the space was appreciated in their Chinese poems. The contents discussed are organized as follows. First, it is considered that what made Danyang widely known was under the influence of Toegye, Lee Hwang, who had consecutively filled the governor of Danyang. Danyang was perceived as a poetic and romantic place, associated with the government gisaeng of Doohyang, who died of adoring Toegye in her youth. Second, Danyang was recognized as a place of moral training and studies by Soo-am's pupils because Sooahm, Kwon Sangha disciplined himself and gave his pupils education in Sooilam on Sangseonam, one of Danyangpalgyeong. Thirdly, in terms of the historical facts that Yeokdong, Wootak from Goryeo went into retirement in Sainam and Goo-ong, Lee Jibeon in a pavillion on Goodam, Danyang was perceived as a place for retirement. Taking a glance at those connected with Danyang from the above, Chinese poems by born and bred writers in Danyang should have been considered besides well-known writers from literary circles in the metropolis in order systematically to take a view of Danyang Chinese poems displayed. In addition, a study of documentary records concerning Danyang should be carried out to comprehend the spatial meanings of Danyang: it is left behind for the future research.

In 1990s the main topics are the eruption of the personal desire and reactionism against the prior period. Because of this, this words such as eroticism, feminism, narcissism etc. are the key words implicated the 1990s. Kim Yeong-Ha has focused on the personal unconscious desire of 1990s through his novels. The origin of this desire in his novels can be thought as personal existent as the specific social phenomenon through the history. In 1990s the group connections which wished group ideal in 1980s were broken off. As the result, the personal unconscious desire began to express gradually. Kim Yeong Ha has shown the subjects of death and the death impulse through his novels constantly. If so, I need to find out why he shows the questions of death and what his origin of death is. Accordingly, I chose <I am beautiful> by Kim Yeong Ha, as the text in this script, and the purpose of this script are how Eros and Thanatos are described in this book and what death and death impulse mean. <I am beautiful> is shown the meaning of life from the death through the structure which is circulated as one ring connected by two propositions - life and death. There are a man and a woman in late 20s who has his opposite character in the book. The author shows the meaning of death happening in their daily life in modern society. A man (who tries to confirm the meaning of death) meets a woman (who tries to atone for with death), and they have sex in the Island, Uroboros space. They confirm that the death and life, the sex and death can not be devided through the descriptive experiencing death. That is, the Eros connected to sex and Thanatos connected to death are the main factors in man's life.

This paper has divided modern Korean poet Jeong, Ji-yong’s short poems into three types according to line length and line numbers, after then analysed some notable poems in each type. The most important short poem was “Hosoo 1”(lake 1). It was composed of several poetic elements. With them, the poet got to higher level in form and content of the poem. I think that the poem is one of the most important poems among Jeong Ji-yong's. The poet published this poem “Hosoo 1” in the poetry magazine Simoonhag(poetry-literature), number two. This is interpreted as a result of his consciousness of a literary coterie and poet Kim, Yong-rang's four-line poems being published in that magazine.

Against the backdrop of a tension between pure literary theory(soonsu) and participatory literary theory(chamyeo), Baek Nak-cheong's criticism works which were evaluated as a major force of the literary criticism of ‘Changjak-gwa-Bipeong (Creation and Criticism)’ based on political participatory theory, have been reviewed by the internal value definition within literary discourse. However a new perspective is required to accurately comprehend his literary criticism, which overcomes the internal discussion of the literary discourse and understands his criticism in the relational context of the contemporary discourse as a whole in that era. His criticism works which evolved through citizen's literary theory, national literary theory, and the Third World literary theory, should be understood in a close connection with modernization theory and immanent development theory upon which the contemporary intellectuals intensely debated, a National Modernization Theory of Park Chung-hee regime as a dominant ideology, and democratization theory suitable for Korean society. The critical intervention of Baek Nak-cheong to the literary scene was mostly motivated by the socio-cultural discourse agenda rather than by the internal discussion point of the literary discourse. It is developed by a method which invites the ideological relation in reality into the interpretation of a literary work. Such method enables a formation of the critical relation against the oppressed reality, and simultaneously accepts and shares the agenda of the system. Such partition of sensibility towards the concept of the contemporary discourse can be understood that his criticism established a symbiotic antagonism against the dominant discourse within the landscape of the entire discourse.

There were expressed clearly in Baek-seok’s poetry, the poet's interest for the desirable relation between individual and community, and the process of continuous seeking. From this viewpoint, it is natural that the three elements like as blood relation, regional relation, and friendship, which compose a community are subject matters of his poetry. In this treatise, I examined the traditional community's aspects classified in ‘work’, ‘play’, ‘ritual’, ‘ancestral rites’ that are expressed in Baek-seok’s poetry. Our traditional society could enjoy the affluent and comfortable life, culture and pleasant work in which people shared the ‘work’, ‘play’, and ‘food’. Baek-seok’s poetry makes us think back that the culture of mutual help cannot be found in our surrounding. But his effort pursuing an ideal seek for new community's possibility is continuous. Baek-seok showed us the deep breathing of our national history, and described the shape of universal human community in his poetry. The readers could get the consolation and courage from Baek-seok’s poetry in which our dream is expressed vividly for the harmony of individual and community.

The actuality of 50’s Korea is involved in swirl inside of warfare and the fact that is to dying condition is depicted. The literary world is reorganized from this whirlpool, ideology will wither is produced. Will wither only speech in array of the words which with the rather with the propaganda leaflet are impulsive and conceptional same thing was. This time in compliance with poets of chain asserts the recovery of lyricism will wither is produced. 50's the falsehood of Soe-jungju case and nihilism defeatism dances boisterously expresses an actuality with ‘hydrocyanic acids and’ rises is the providence of nature and to awaken. Presents in-depth structure of Park-mogual case and the actuality which becomes transposition opposing structure above and lower part, is pure and in order to dream beautiful.

In this paper, I made a close examination of the author of the New people in 20th century. Actually, before this discussion, we should have a proper examination on the translator of Liang Qichao's works in Hwangseung newspaper. But, I will discuss that problem through another paper. In this paper, I had a comparative analysis of literary style and ideology between the New people in 20th century and Shin Chaeho's articles. So I have demonstrated that Danjae wrote the New people in 20th century. Some researchers also thought the same, and they were right. I made it clear that the New people in 20th century is directly including Danjae's ideologies. Moreover, I found the various spectrum of Danjae's literature through his translation. Danjae not only translated a lot of Liang Qichao's works but also made his own writing method through his translations. He made a constant effort for enlightenment to recover Korean national sovereignty. Danjae constituted his ideology and also opened people's eyes through his translation of Liang Qichao's works and his own creative writings.

This study purposed to examine the patterns at which tense was handled in grammar education and to propose directions for organizing new contents of tense education from the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics. In order to expand existing grammar education focused on ‘accuracy’ to that focused on ‘effectiveness’ as suggested in this study, we need to introduce actively three approaches of experience, salience and ideology from the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics into grammar education. Current grammar education emphasizing the accurate and correct use of Korean language can be expanded to effectiveness‐oriented grammar education emphasizing ‘meaning’, ‘expression’, and ‘language use’ based on the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics, and the contents of grammar education can be reorganized into a language form that reveals the intentions of writers and speakers effectively. At that time, the contents of tense education may go beyond learners’ simple practice of the tri‐component system of ‘past‐present‐future’ to cognitive linguistic and cross‐cultural perception of time expression and further to the comprehensive understanding of tense, mood and aspect. For this, we identified questions in the tense of Korean language, which are: Is the tense system of Korean language of two components or three components; (2) Is Korean language a tense‐centered language or a mood‐centered language; and (3) what is the semantic function of future tense morpheme ‘겠’. In addition, from the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics, we suggested the transition of the contents of tense education from form‐centered to meaning‐centered, from token‐centered to type‐centered, and from understanding‐centered to expression centered.