Earticle

There are a lot of expressions that are used in similar meaning in Korean so that learners have difficulty in learning Korean. When foreigners study Korean, foreigners do not have an intuition about Korean, so it is not easy to distinguish similar expressions. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in similar expressions in the field of Korean language education. This study also investigated the expression of consecutive events by studying similar expressions. Expressions of consecutive events include '-ja', '-jamaja', -neun daero' and '-giga museobge' as representations of a sequence of successive events. All of these expressions contain the meaning of consecutive event but the use patterns are slightly different. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze semantic, pragmatic, syntactic difference between expressions of consecutive events. First, it analyze Korean textbooks and dictionaries how expressions of consecutive meaning and usage is presented. Based on this analysis, it analyze the semantic, pragmatic, syntactic difference of expressions of consecutive events.

This paper studies the world lmage and will of the speaker de noted by the space of Baekseokjeong and Imgyeongieong of resp ectively in Baekseokjeongbyeolgok and Gwangjuimgyeongjeongpalgyeong written by Shingyo Gasa. The space of Baekseokjeong in Baekseokjeong Byeolgok and Imgyeongjeong in Gwangjuimgyeongjeongpalgyeong are both co -nstructed by eight scenic elements. The former constructs an i deal Confucian world and a Nakdo(乐道) life by describing a har monious and peaceful life of common people. Different from this, the latter demonstrates an ideal secluded world where Gunja(君 子) could pursue a solitude life through natural environment in r emote places and a simple life on his own. Moreover, both ‘Baekseok’ and ‘imgyeong’ have a connotation of self-improvement. Therefore, it can be inferred that Baekseokjeongbyeolgok denotes space for self-improvement and waiting for an opportunity, Gwangjuim Palgyeong signifies a space of self-improvement and reclusiveness. This difference between the two can be attributed to the political climate and Shingyo’s experience of a governmental official. In 1690, a year after National Disorder, Shingyo got a position in government by recommendation. As a member of Namin Party, Shingyo took this as a great chance to make some remarkable achievements as he had long been ambitious to do. Baekseokjeongbyeolgok is a reflection of this ambition and his waiting for an opportunity to fulfill his ambition by demonstrating an ideal Confucian world. However, Shingyo failed to be promoted to the central government as he expected even after nine years of government service. This failure made him realize that he was not accustomed to the strives between parties, so he chose to resign in 1699 when the Seoin came to power again. Years after his resignation when he became too aged to fulfill his ambitions as he had wanted, he wrote Gwangjuimgyeongjeongpalgyeong in which he revealed his determination to be secluded and self-improved as a Gunja.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of Park, Doo-jin’s early poetry in two aspects. First, I tried to show that the nature of early poetry is not an ideal world. In order to reveal this, I examined how poets experience nature. The nature that appears in his poetry is not ideal or idealistic nature, but it is close to nature experience as real feeling. Second, I tried to show that the nature of early poetry is not a peaceful ideal world. In order to reveal this, I examined the various contents of nature presented by poets. This work has a significance to expand the interpretation horizon of Park 's early poetry.

This thesis has taken a look at “108 Gongdeok-ga (Song for 108 Meritorious Deeds)”, the sijo (traditional three-verse poem) series of sijo poet Cho Jong-hyun, under a point of view of ‘meritorious deed’ discourse and its aesthetics. “108 Gongdeok-ga” is the written scripts disclosed for the first time with the publication of Cho Jong-hyun Collection by Lee Dong-soon. In this relation, the study on this work has yet to be undertaken. “108 Gongdeok-ga” of Cho Jong-hyun is an article to disclose the path to ‘meritorious deed’ in the Buddhist implication as it is displayed in its title with the form that could be named, such as, Buddhism literature, Buddhism poetry, Buddhism sijo or the like The entire works (100 pieces of sijo) have taken a form of traditional formative sijo with its characteristics in presenting so-called ‘meritorious deed discourse’ in several levels. First, this work has the boundary and intelligence on illegality and excursion. Illegality and excursion are thought to be the first factors to interfere with the meritorious deed. Second, this work enthusiastically recommends the expedient and expedient deed to reach to the meritorious deed with its appropriate use. What is interesting here is not that expedient and expedient deeds that are presented are not the ordinary things but are the traditional and conventional Buddhism in Buddhist saint, Buddha, scriptures, Virtuous Monk Great Virtue, meditation, prayer and the like. While doing so, there is a peculiar point to adopt the point of view of Mahayana Buddhism and paradox of Avalokitesvara belief by a Goddess of Mercy. Third, the core part of the work is consisted of its emphasis on observing and acquiring things of the grand implication of the Buddhist principles and the paradox on the works to longing by changing into the original deed of benevolence. In fact, this point would be considered as the entire components of Buddhism and it leads the entire work as the foundation for such a point in “108 Gongdeok-ga”. Fourth, by visiting and exploring Virtuous Monk Great Virtue, sacred place of Buddhists and Buddhist culture with the mindset of a pilgrim, the poet not only cultivates his own meritorious deed but also meets and admires the role models of meritorious deed to convey it to the readers. It displays the sense of reality as well as requiring significant weight in the work to contribute the enhancement of individuality of the work. In fact, with such a part, “108 Gongdeok-ga” would be more than an enlightening song to convey the core part of Buddhist principles and contents of scriptures but to have its place as a creative work with personality of the poet. And, fifth, “108 Gongdeok-ga” is a type of Buddhist poetry to have the sense of aesthetics together with its religious features. “108 Gongdeok-ga” that has the characteristics of sijo as Buddhist poetry or Buddhist poetry as sijo facilitate the characteristics of narration in Buddhist poetry and classic sijo in diverse aspects, and it effectively utilizes the literature in sijo aesthetics. In this point, “108 Gongdeok-ga” is a text to experience the religious inspiration and literature sensitivity together. For the case of former, The absolute egoistic affection and benevolence of speaker (monk poet) on readers (people) are the premises and foundation as its characteristics. And, for the case of later, the literature terms and rhetoric power would conspicuously display the differentiation from many other Buddhist meritorious deed song or Buddhist poetry. This “108 Gongdeok-ga” would be meaningful to read, but it is appropriate to be the text to broaden the meritorious deed with the righteous faith in variety of ways under the meditation and ceremonial activities of Buddhism. If compared to a full-scale scripture, it may be the incidental text, but when it is difficult to apply straight to such a full-scale scripture or when the vast volume of the scripture is burdensome, facilitating the texts with the characteristics of such a creative work may have significant effect.

The purpose of this paper is to criticise the novel 『Free Food For Millionaires』, which is the work of Komerican 1.5 generation novelist Min Jin Lee. In this novel the author shows the life of female character Casey Han, through narration of the process of job hunting and love. In the preface I clarified the difference of Komerican community in comparison of the other Korean commuinities of foreign countries such as Japanese Korean and Chinese Korean in north-east district of China, and the Old Russian Korean in the Middle East Asia. In chapter 2 of this paper I argued the characteristics of the novel 『Free Food For Millionaires』 in the point view of the author. In the results of this, the novel 『Free Food For Millionaires』 included the many authorial elements. Min Jin Lee had immigrated America in 1976 with her parents and she graduated the Ivy-League University and Law School of George Town, so she was the Lawyers. But she was sick, so she became novelist. This author’s biography was transferred in this novel. In chapter 3 I argued the structure of the novel 『Free Food For Millionaires』. This work showed the lives of the complex layers of Korean American. Especially Casey Han, the main character of the novel 『Free Food For Millionaires』, who was the graduate of Princeton and navigated Manhattan, seeked the meaning of valuable life. And in the novel 『Free Food For Millionaires』 the author narrated the life of her friend Ella, who has always been the good Korean girl, in the process of the wedding and the delivery of baby and divorce. The Novelist Min Jin Lee compared the characters, Casey and Ella, and Ella’s ambitious Korean husband and his Caucasian mistress, Casey’s White fiance, and then Korean boyfriend. All of this are the reality of Komerican life in New York city and in America. 13 In conclusion, in the novel 『Free Food For Millionaires』 the novelist Min Jin Lee had narrated the problems of Korean American Community. So she described the problems of the Immigrant Society American : the problem of the class, society, and identity. In especial the narration of the female characters of the her novel, she had presented the discrimination of the female in the respect of the female. As my thoughts this is the good result and the limitation of the work.

The purpose of this study is to investigate on usage for 'Kajang, Deo, Deol' of degree adverbs and extract a list of co occurrent words with 'Kajang, Deo, Deol by the part of speech presented in Korean University textbooks for Korean learners. For this study, the corpus was analyzed through classifying 59 Korean university textbooks to extract co occurrent words named predicates by the part of speech at different level of textbooks. The result shows that 'Kajang' and ‘Deo’ has a higher frequency of cooccurrence with gradable antonym adjectives in each level. In contrast, ‘Deol’ has rare cooccurrence with adjectives. In the aspect of usage with verbs of ‘Kajang’ and ‘Deol’ is highly collocated with ‘like’ verb in every level. Especially, ‘Kajang’ is collocated with some psychological verbs. ‘Deo’ is highly collocated with some kind of action verbs intermediate and advanced level. In the aspect of usage with adverbs, ‘Kajang’ is collocated with ‘mani’ ‘Deo’ is collocated with ‘jom’ in basic level and ‘jeomjeom, jogeum, holshin’ in intermediate and advanced. In the aspect of usage with nouns ‘Kajang’, ‘Deol’ is collocated with ‘static noun’ but ‘Deol’ has rare frequencey of ‘noun’. Noteworthy results are that ‘Deo’ and ‘Deol’ has some marked meaning when collocated with special action verbs. Deo has a marked meaning of ‘ strengthening’ when combined with action verbs such as ‘eat, give, wait, go’ and 'Deol' have a marked meaning of 'incompletion'.when combined with action verbs such as ‘wake up, do, leak, write. In hence, I will also present some possibility of application for Korean Language Education for Korean learners based on Corpus analysis. Eventually I expect that the results of this study will be applied to teaching methods of the degree adverbs 'Kajang', 'deo', 'deol' for Korean learners, and construction of Korean textbooks.