Earticle

이 연구의 목적은 <목동문답가>의 서술 방식과 화자의 성격을 중심으로 대화체 가사가 지닌 문학적인 의미를 살펴보는 데에 있다. <목동문답가>에서는 제1 화자의 물음과 제2 화자의 대답이 단락 구성 과 논리 전개 방식에서 이중의 대칭 구조를 이룸으로써, 두 화자의 이질 적인 가치관에 따른 갈등 양상이 부각된다. 이는 ‘입신양명’과 ‘안분지족’ 이라는 삶의 방식 사이에서 진지하게 고민했던 당시 사대부의 내면 의식 이 반영된 것으로, 서로 상반되는 삶의 방식인 ‘출(出’)과 ‘처(處’)‘ 양쪽 모두에 가치를 부여하는 ‘양가성’을 드러내 주고 있기에 조선 후기 사대부 독자들의 공감과 논쟁을 이끌어내기에 충분했을 것이다. 이 작품이 다양한 이본을 형성하고 다른 문학 갈래와 사설을 주고받으며 전승되어 온 사실은, 이 작품이 지닌 문학적 가치를 방증하는 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 논의를 통하여 <목동문답가>의 대화체 진술 방식은 두 화자의 문답을 이중의 대칭 구조로 견고하게 세워 입신양명과 안분지족이라는 상반되는 주장을 팽팽하게 대립시켜 사대부의 출처 갈등이 지닌 양가성 을 극명하게 표출해낸 것임을 확인하였다. 다만 가사 갈래에 활용된 대화 체가 어떤 측면에서 효과적인지, 대화체 가사가 본격적으로 나타나는 17 세기부터 근대 전환기에 이르기까지 문학적으로 어떤 변모를 보여주는 지에 대한 검토는 이 연구의 차후 과제로 남겨두기로 한다.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the literary meaning of dialogic Gasa, focusing on the descriptive method and the character of the speaker of <Mokdong Mundapga(牧童問答歌)>. In <Mokdong Mundapga>, the first speaker’s question and the second speaker’s answer form a double symmetrical structure in the paragraph composition and logical development method, highlighting the conflict between the two speakers’ heterogeneous viewpoints. This reflects the inner world of the Sadaebu at the time, seriously considered their stance between ‘a life of rising in the world and gaining fame’ and ‘a life contented with one’s means’. As it reveals the ‘Ambivalence’ that gives meaning and value to both ‘Chul(working for the government, 出)’ and ‘Cheo(living in seclusion, 處)’ which are opposite ways of life, and it would have been enough to draw sympathy and debate from Sadaebu readers in the late Joseon Dynasty. Through the above discussion, it was confirmed that the dialogic style of <Mokdong Mundapga> clearly expressed the ambivalence of the conflict between Chul(working for the government, 出) and Cheo(living in seclusion, 處) that the Sadaebu had by building solidly the two speakers’ questions and answers in a double symmetrical structure. However, the literary function of the dialogic style used in the Gasa(歌 辭) genre and the literary transformation of the dialogic style from the 17th century to the modern transition period, when the dialogic style used in the Gasa appeared in earnest, will be left as a future task of this study.

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of dental question and answer in portal sites. To achieve this, 4,212 questions were used for final analysis after connecting to Naver, Daum and Nate, which take first, second and third place in rank information of all sites at Rankey.com, to search dental information by keyword from January to late March. The results are as follows. Naver was the highest as a portal of Internet search engines. Questions on the use of dental clinics, the quality of dental services and the offer of dental services by types of dental clinics were very important. Dental clinics had to give dental patients customized services and information to please them through dental services and dental information services on the Internet, and questions and answers on this were increasing very explosively. Consequently, Dental clinics will have to give Internet users and health- and disease-related data searchers distinctive professional services by inquiring into factors affecting portal search and factors affecting health- and disease-related search, respectively.

After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, artificial radionuclides such as radioactive cesium and iodine were released into the environment. It caused great anxiety not only in the vicinity of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant but also in other regions of the world. Some members of the Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS), a leading academic society in Japan in the field of radiation protection, volunteered to establish a website called “Question and Answer (Q&A) about radiation in daily life” shortly after the accident to help reduce the residents’ anxiety about the health effects of radiation. In August 2011, “Committee for Q&A about radiation in daily life” was established in JHPS, making the website-related activities a responsibility of JHPS. The Q&A website continued to respond to the questions from the general public with expertise and sincerity until February 2013 when the Committee members decided to end the activities because the number of questions received had gradually decreased with the passage of time. This paper aims to introduce the following: the activities of the Q&A website during the two years (2011–2013), the stance chosen for the activities, the information related to the website activities and the analysis of Twitter data. Building on the experience and the knowledge obtained from the activities, it also discusses issues and experiences that can be utilized in the initial response to emergencies for radiation protection experts as well as those in other fields.

지금까지 정약용의 이황과 이이의 사단칠정설에 대한 해석을 연구한 논문이 있 었지만 정조의 질의와 정약용의 답변을 연구한 논문이 없었기 때문에 본고에서는 그것을 연구한다. 정조와 정약용은 이이가 기는 발동하고 그 원인은 리라고 주장 했던 관점에 근거하여 이황의 사단은 이발(理發)이고 칠정은 기발(氣發)이라는 주장을 비판적으로 보았던 것이 공통점이다. 왜냐하면 이황의 그 설은 리와 기를 분리시켰기 때문이다. 이러한 이황의 설은 주희의 설을 보완한 것이기 때문에 정 조의 비판은 주희의 설도 포함된다. 이에 대하여 정약용도 정조의 해석에 동의하 였으나 그는 리가 기에 의지한다고 여겨 이이의 이기설이 옳다고 여겼는데 그것은 천주교 선교사 이마두가 쓴 천주실의의 영향을 받았고, 선교사 이류사가 쓴 부 득이변의 영향을 받았을 것이라고 여겨진다. 더욱이 그것은 정약용에게 천주교 를 소개한 이벽의 이황과 이이에 대한 평론과 달랐다. 하지만 이이는 정약용과 같 이 리는 기에 의지한다고 말하지 않았고, 오히려 무위(無爲)인 리가 유위(有爲) 인 기를 주재한다고 주장하였다. 따라서 정약용의 이이의 이기개념에 대한 해석은 이이의 뜻과 달랐다. 정약용과 달리 정조는 이이의 입장에서 그의 이기설을 정확 하게 해석하였다. 만약 정약용의 이이 이기설 해석이 서학서의 영향을 받았다는 것을 알았다면 비판했을 것이다. 하지만 그러한 비판은 하지 않았고, 오히려 최고 라고 평가하였다. 왜냐하면 정약용의 그것이 이노춘을 비롯한 경사강의에 참여한 학자들의 답변과 성균관유생들의 답변서와 달리 창의적이라고 정조는 생각했기 때문이다.

Up to the present, research related to Jeong Yakyong’s review of Yi Hwang’s ideas about the mutual movement of liand qiand Yi I’s Four–Seven theory has focused on the movement of qiand liriding on qi. However, no research has addressed the debate between King Jeongjo and Jeong. This paper aims to fill that gap. In the debate, Jeongjo criticized Yi Hwang’s Four-Seven theory because he adhered to Yi I’s theory. Jeongjo regarded lias the principle of the movement of qi, which means that liand qicannot be separated, and he critiqued Yi Hwang’s theory on this basis. Jeong also agreed with Jeongjo’s view but regarded it as the dependence of lion qi.In this, Jeong was influenced by Matteo Ricci’s Tianzhu shiyiand possibly also by Ludovico Buglio’s Budeyi bian. A departure from Yi Byeok’s interpretation of Yi Hwang and Yi I is evident, although it was Byeok who introduced Jeong to Catholicism. Yi I’s and Jeong’s interpretations differ because Yi I claimed that the root of qicould be found in li. Jeong disagreed, but Jeongjo’s interpretation of Yi I is accurate. If Jeongjo knew that Jeong had been influenced by Tianzhu shiyi and Budeyi bian, he would have criticized him; however, Jeongjo was unaware, and he evaluated Jeong’s writing as the best because he considered Jeong to be a superior creative compared to Yi Nochun’s reply and that of Sungkyunkwan’s students.

석문심학(石門心學)은 이시다 바이간(石田梅岩, 1685-1744)에 의해 개창되었다. 바이 간은 자신의 ‘개오체험’을 ‘문자’가 아닌 ‘음성언어’에 의한 문답의 형태로 청중들에게 전했다. 바이간은 ‘글쓰기’ 보다는 사람들과 ‘문답’하는 것을 선호했다. 바이간은 저술 보다는 문답에 의한 강석으로 ‘개오체험’을 전했다. 바이간은 ‘문자’ 보다는 ‘음성언어’ 가 ‘개오체험’을 전하는데 더 효과적이라 판단한 것이다. 바이간의 초기 ‘강석’은 유학의 경서를 독해하는 정도의 수준이었지만 후에 ‘이야기’ 를 도입한 방식으로 변모하였고 이후 ‘도화’의 형태로 발전했다. 이러한 점에서 본다면 바이간은 ‘학문’을 ‘말하는 쪽’에서가 아니라 ‘듣는 쪽’에서 구성했다고 할 수 있을 것이 다. 바이간은 ‘듣는 쪽’의 입장을 최대한 반영하여 자신이 전하고자 하는 내용을 구성한 것이다. 바이간이 ‘학문’을 통해 전하고자 한 것은 ‘마음을 안다’는 것이었다. 모든 사물은 하 늘이 낳은 본래적 ‘형태’가 있다. 이 ‘형태’에는 신분과 직분의 차이와 구별이 있다. 바 이간이 강조한 ‘형태가 마음’이라는 언설은 전근대 서민들이 처한 삶의 상황을 이탈하 거나 벗어나려는 것 보다는 그러한 현실 안에서 자신의 역할과 책임을 감당하는 근거가 된다. 이러한 점에서 바이간의 ‘학문’은 서민들의 현실적 위치와 자각을 통한 자기실현 에 매진하는 방법적 원리라 할 수 있다.

Sekimon-sinngaku was founded by Ishida Baigan (1685-1744). Bai Gan communicated his ‘gae-o experience’ to the audience in the form of questions and answers through ‘word of mouth’ rather than ‘text’. Baigan constructed ‘scholarship’ from the ‘listening side’ rather than the ‘speaking side’. With people, Baigan preferred ‘question and answer’ to ‘writing’. Baigan's early academic method involved reading of the Confucian scriptures. Later, it was transformed into the method of telling ‘story’ which then developed into the form of ‘do-wa(道話)’. What Baigan wanted to convey through ‘study’ was ‘knowing the heart’. All the things comprised the original 'form' created in heaven. In such ‘form’, there was a distinction between status and position. Baigan's emphasis on ‘form is the mind’ was a basis for fulfilling one's roles and responsibilities in such a reality rather than trying to escape from the life situations of the pre-modern commoners. In this respect, Baigan's ‘study’ can be said to be a methodological principle that strives for self-realization through awareness and understanding of the practical position of ordinary people.

이 글은 ‘공자동자문답’ 계열의 파생작으로 보이는 일본 동경대 오구라문고[小倉文庫] 소장 <대성훈몽전>을 소개하는 것이 목적이다. ‘공자동자문답’은 동아시아에 다양한 형태로 널리 퍼진 이야기로서, 공자가 동자와 문답을 통해 웃음거리가 되는 寓言的 성격이 강하다. 그런데 이 글에서 소개하고 있는 <대성훈몽전>에는 동자가 공자의 제자인 증자로 설정되어 있다. 그리고 지혜 겨루기의 爭辯談 구조가 아니라 증자가 묻고 공자가 답하는 단순한 구조로 되어 있다. 이로 볼 때 이 작품은 ‘공자동자문답’의 영향을 받았으되, 계몽적 성격의 이야기로 변화된 것은 아닐까 추정해볼 수 있다. 현재까지 한국에 ‘공자동자문답’ 계열의 이야기가 최대 40여 종 정도 확인이 된다고 한다. <대성훈몽전>은 비록 파생작일 가능성이 높지만 현재까지 소개된 적이 없는 작품이다. 이에 작품 원문 입력본을 제시하여 향후 연구에 활용하도록 하였다.

The purpose of this paper is introducing <DaesungHoonmongJeon>, which derivated from the story affilated with 'Confucius and young boy's question and answer'. 'Confucius and young boy's question and answer' is the story, wide-spread in East Asia in various narratives and shapes. This story, ironically, brought Confucius into dersion through question and answer with young boy. But <DaesungHoonmongJeon> is a little different. In this story, Confucius just teaches and young boy just learns. Judging From this situation, this work was influenced by the story affilated with 'Confucius and young boy's question and answer', but changed character of story to enlightenment structure and contents. Until now, this work didn't introduce at all. So this paper typed in original work of <DaesungHoonmongJeon> for next researches.

이 글은 인조조 행전책 추진 과정에서 과거를 통해 예비관료를 대상으로 행전에 대한 정책 질의가 있었으며, 이 과정에서 행전실태에 대한 평가가 이루어 졌음을 오달제의 사례를 통해 규명하였다. 이를 위해 책문(策問)과 대책(對策)을 대상으로 정책 입안자와 응시생의 시각에 대한 동시분석을 시도했다. 인조 11년(1633) 8월, 문과 초시에 동전의 유통방안에 대한 책문(策問)이 제출되었으며, 여기에 대해 오달제가 대책(對策)을 올렸다. 행전이 과제로 채택된 것은 인조 즉위 후 지속되고 있던 행전 시도가 그 배경이었다. 오달제는 제시된 많은 문제를 6개의 범주 속에 분류하고 이를 다시 2개의 축조(逐條)에 배치한 후 편종(篇終)을 구성했다. 그는 축조에서 동전의 역사[과거]와 정책의 실태[현재]를, 편종에서는 행전을 위한 방략[미래]을 서술했다. 그의 논지는 행전에 대한 ‘이해’보다는 군주의 ‘진심’이 발동한 ‘인의’의 관점에서 행전책이 실시되어야 한다는 것이었다. 오달제의 책문에 제시된 의견은 이 후 ‘행전사목(行錢事目)’이 보완되는 과정에서 포괄적으로 반영 되었다. 요컨대 인조 11년의 책문(策文)은 동전유통의 실행을 전제로 한 시관과 오달제의 지면 대화였으며, 그 속에는 당대의 행전실태가 투영되어 있었다.

This essay explores the government examination was contained potential purpose not only selection of new governmental officials but also collection of new ideas about contemporary policies. The aim of this article is analyse the role of the state examination in the evaluation of governmental preliminary practical policy in the middle of the Choson dynasty. The main material is the answer sheet of the state examination including question which was contained in the posthumous work of Oh Dhal-Jae. The sheet, submitted in the higher level examination Munkwa(文科), contains discussing about practical policy in coin circulation. The examination was held in 1633 and the question was discussing about feasibility and efficiency of policy for the coin circulation under the authorized governmental department. This task was selected by the invigilators, as the government had been tried to resume circulation policy since the first Manchu invasion was cleared. The question was evaluation about policy efficiency on minting and circulation with historic trajectory. Oh Dhal-Jae had categorized the questions into six sub-questions and then response respectively. His solution was quite clear and general that was choosing authorized department and collecting the best officer who had a sense of responsibility. Final suggestion, however, throw a fundamental issue on the core point of Confucianism which was focusing on political justice but interest. When it comes to the result of this examination and the effect of Oh’s solution, the Choson government applied to the next practical policy for circulation such as appoint authorized minting agency. To sum up, the government tried to collect new ideas from elites in the state examination, and one of candidate Oh Dhal-Jae suggested the answer. For this reason state examination held in 1663 was a kind of interaction between the government and elite.

This study proposes and examines strategies for integrating Artificial Intelligence(AI) into an LMS-based course, ｢Research in Korean Language Education｣, to enhance learners’ text summarization and question-answer generation skills. A three-stage instructional model was implemented with academic-purpose learners, followed by a survey to evaluate learning outcomes and perceptions. Throughout the course, AI served as a comparative tool against learners’ self-generated ideas. The findings yield three pedagogical implications for AI integration. First, in text summarization, AI-generated outputs should be critically compared with learners’ summaries to foster discovery learning. Second, course design must systematically align summarization and question-answer tasks with the enhancement of four core comprehension skills. Third, instructional emphasis should fall on constructive feedback and discussion rather than output generation alone. This study demonstrates how AI-assisted instruction can promote discovery learning and heuristic thinking among learners of Korean for academic purposes.

‘경건함’을 탐구하는 대화편 『에우튀프론』은 플라톤의 초기 작품에서 드러나는 소크라테스의 엘렝코스를 바탕으로 ‘경건함’에 대한 정의를 비판적으로 다루고 있다. 하지만 플라톤 의 다른 초기 작품들처럼 대화편 『에우튀프론』 역시 탐구 대상, 즉 ‘경건함’에 대한 올바른 정의(definition)가 표면적으로 드러나지는 않는다. 그래서 많은 학자들은 ‘경건함이란 무엇인 가’에 대한 단서를 소크라테스와 에우튀프론의 논의, 즉 『에우튀프론』에서 드러나는 소크라 테스의 엘렝코스(elenchos)에서 찾고자 시도하고, 이를 통해 소크라테스의 질문인 ‘그것(경 건함)은 무엇인가?’에 대한 본질을 밝히고자 한다. 하지만 이러한 학자들의 시도에도 불구하 고 이 문제는 여전히 합의되지 못한 채 논란의 중심에 놓여있다. 그래서 본 논문은 『에우튀프론』의 ‘경건함’에 대한 소크라테스의 입장을 일관되게 해석 할 수 있는 실마리를 찾고자, 『에우튀프론』에서 소크라테스가 요구하는 ‘경건함’의 정의에 대한 몇몇 해석들을 소개하고, 『에우튀프론』에서 해석상 가장 논란이 많은 10a1-11b5의 구절을 중심으로 『에우튀프론』의 ‘경건함’에 대한 새로운 해석적 가능성을 모색한다. 그리고 이러한 해석적 가능성을 통해 소크라테스가 요구하는 정의 방식에 대해 탐구한다.

Euthyphro, a dialogue exploring ‘piety’, deals with the definition of ‘piety’ through Socrates’ elenchos, which is revealed in Plato’s early works. However, like Plato’s other early works, the dialogue Euthyphro a ls o does not r eveal t he c orrect d efinition o f ‘ piety’, w hich i s the s ubject o f investigation. Therefore, many scholars try to find clues about ‘what is piety’ in the discussion between Socrates and Euthyphro, and through this, they try to reveal the essence of Socrates’ question, ‘what is it (piety)?’. However, despite t he attempts of thes e s cholars, t his is s ue is s till a t t he c enter o f controversy without consensus. Therefore, in order to find a clue to consistently interpret Socrates' position on 'piety' in Euthyphro, this paper introduces various scholars' interpretations of the definition of 'piety' demanded by Socrates in Euthyphro and presents a new interpretive possibility for the 'piety' of Euthyphro, focusing on the passages 10a1-11b5, which are the most controversial in interpretation. And through these interpretive possibilities, we explore the 'definition method' required by Socrates .

기사와 댓글, 질의응답과 같은 비정형 데이터에 기반한 텍스트 분석에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이는 사람들의 견해인 비정형 텍스트 데이터로부터 특징을 파악하고, 평가, 예측 및 추천에 활용할 수 있기 때문이다. TEL 분야에서도 MOOC 서비스의 확대로 교수학습지원시스템 기반 토론, 질의응답 서비스를 자동화하기 위한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 시스템에 축적된 질의응답 데이터를 기반으로 질의 토픽을 생성하고, 새로운 질의에 대해 토픽을 자동분류하기 위해서이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 새로운 질의 토픽을 자동분류 할 수 있도록 LDA기법을 활용한 토픽 모델링을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 바탕으로 질의 토픽 사전을 생성하고 새로운 질의에 대해 토픽을 자동분류 할 수 있다. 일부 질의에서는 0.7 이상의 높은 자동 분류를 보였으며, 새로운 질의가 여러 토픽에 포함될수록 좀 더 좋은 자동분류 결과를 보였다.

There is increasing interest in text analysis based on unstructured data such as articles and comments, questions and answers. This is because they can be used to identify, evaluate, predict, and recommend features from unstructured text data, which is the opinion of people. The same holds true for TEL, where the MOOC service has evolved to automate debating, questioning and answering services based on the teaching-learning support system in order to generate question topics and to automatically classify the topics relevant to new questions based on question and answer data accumulated in the system. Therefore, in this study, we propose topic modeling using LDA to automatically classify new query topics. The proposed method enables the generation of a dictionary of question topics and the automatic classification of topics relevant to new questions. Experimentation showed high automatic classification of over 0.7 in some queries. The more new queries were included in the various topics, the better the automatic classification results.

논자는 깨달음에 대한 홍창성의 언어철학적 분석에 대해 검토해 보고, 두 가지반론에 대해서 살펴보았 다. 첫째, 깨달음은 정의상 깨달음의 역설과 직면하게되며 그러므로 철학적으로 그 존재를 인정할 수 없다. 둘째, 깨달음은 사적언어이므로 객관적인 것일 수 없다. 논자는 이 두 문제는 깨달음을 언어적, 분석적으로 해석하려는 데서 발생하는문제라는 것을 분석적 방 법을 통해서 보여주려 하였다. 논자는 비트겐슈타인의언어철학과 선사상 언어철학과의 유사성을 살펴 보고, 선사상의 메타언어적의미에 대한 새로운 해석을 통해서 이러한 문제를 해결하려 하였다. 논자가 보기에, 깨달음에 대한 논리적, 언어적 반론에서 보여지는 깨달음은그들에게 알려지고 이해된 그들 방식의 깨달음이지 선문의 깨달음 자체가 아니다. 따라서 반론 자체가 애초에 성립할 수 없는 것처럼 보인다.

We examined Hong’s philosophical analysis of language on the Enlightenment and investigated for two kinds of objections. First, by definition of Enlightenment, Enlightenment is faced with the paradox of that, therefore its existence can not be accepted philosophically. Second, Enlightenment can not be objective because it is a private language. We think that these two problems occur on interpreting two kinds of objections linguistically and analytically. And we try to show this through analytical methods. We investigated in the similarity between Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language and philosophy of language in Zen. We try to solve these issues through a new interpretation about meta-linguistic meaning of Zen. We think, Enlightenment presented in the logical and linguistic objections is one that they understand in their's way. Therefore it seems that objections in themselves can not be established from the first.

지역에서 생산되는 문화행사 및 문화 콘텐츠가 다양하고 많지만 관련한 경제소비의 확대를 위한 지역정보의 유통과 확산이 부족하다. 본 연구는 지역 문화정보의 확산과 사용을 목적으로 위치기반 서비스 관점에서 지역광고주의 지역광고를 질문과 답변 형식의 지식검색 방법과 결합하고 서비스화 하였다. 접근 방법으로는 지역에 기반한 지식검색에 대한 국내외 사례와 위치기반 광고 연구를 살펴보고, 위치문답형 정보서비스의 커뮤니티 모델 그리고 지역광고의 수익 모델을 제시하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 지역 문화행사와 문화콘텐츠의 정보유통을 위한 문답기반 커뮤니티와 지역광고의 운영구조 모델을 설계하고 정보 서비스 시스템을 프로토타이핑 형태로 개발하였다. 사용자간의 문답 데이터의 유통을 위치정보에 확장함으로써 지역의 문화콘텐츠 정보와 사용자 접근의 수요를 지역광고의 수익모델과 결합하여 제공하는 비즈니스 서비스 모델을 제시하였다는 의의를 갖는다.

Although there are various cultural events and cultural contents produced in the region, there is a lack of distribution and spread of regional information to expand related economic consumption. This study combined local advertising by local advertisers with the knowledge search method in question and answer format from a location-based service perspective for the purpose of spreading and using local cultural information. The approach looked at domestic and international cases of knowledge search based on region and location-based advertising research, presented community model of location inquiry based information service and revenue model of local advertisement. Through this, this study designed a question and answer based community and operational structure model of local advertising, and developed an information service system in the form of prototyping. By extending the distribution of question and answer data among users to location information, it is meaningful that a business service model was presented that combines local cultural content information and the demand for user access with the revenue model of local advertising.

본 논문에서는 질의 응답 시스템에서 효율적인 정답 추출을 위해 언어 분석과 질문 패턴 정보를 이용한 질문 분할을 제안한다. 질문 분할은 복잡도가 높은 질문을 도메인에 맞게 분할하여 정답 후보 검색의 효율성을 높이고, 분할된 하위 질문들의 관계와 처리 순서 등을 인식함으로써 질의 응답 시스템의 절차적인 문제 해결에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 기존에는 주로 구문적인 정보를 기반으로 하는 질문 분할 방식을 사용하였으며, 이는 질문 분할 자체에 많은 한계점 이 있어 정확한 질문 분할 효과를 기대하기 힘든 측면이 있었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 하이브리드 기반의 질문 분할 방식을 제안하였으며, 국내 퀴즈 프로그램에서 발췌한 1,000개의 평가셋을 이용하여 질문 분할의 정확도와 질의 응 답 시스템 기여도를 확인하고 제안한 질문 분할 방법의 우수성을 검증하였다.

This paper presents a hybrid-based question decomposition algorithm to extract an correct and effective answer candidates for deep question answering system using the linguistic analysis pattern of input questions and question pattern information. A question such as quiz is typically considered complex and decomposable structure that has multiple sentences, connected paragraphs, explanations and/or justification of an answer, lists of sets, and etc. The question decomposition approaches typically defer to discourse and/or semantic properties of the question, additionally deploying complex processes such as lexical adjustment, question refocusing, temporal or spatial analysis, relation and order recognition. The existing question decomposition approaches deals with syntactic decomposition of questions or very limited semantic decomposition to short questions. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a hybrid-based question decomposition method to solve these existing problems. Using the evaluation set of questions of 1,000, taken from Quiz Korea, Janghak Quiz, challenge! Golden Bell, I love quiz and etc, we can verify the superiority of proposed question decomposition method and the contribution of it to the question answer system.

This study uses a large language model (LLM) to identify Aristotle's rhetorical principles (ethos, pathos, and logos) in COVID-19 information on Naver Knowledge-iN, South Korea's leading question-and-answer community. The research analyzed the differences of these rhetorical elements in the most upvoted answers with random answers. A total of 193 answer pairs were randomly selected, with 135 pairs for training and 58 for testing. These answers were then coded in line with the rhetorical principles to refine GPT 3.5-based models. The models achieved F1 scores of .88 (ethos), .81 (pathos), and .69 (logos). Subsequent analysis of 128 new answer pairs revealed that logos, particularly factual information and logical reasoning, was more frequently used in the most upvoted answers than the random answers, whereas there were no differences in ethos and pathos between the answer groups. The results suggest that health information consumers value information including logos while ethos and pathos were not associated with consumers’ preference for health information. By utilizing an LLM for the analysis of persuasive content, which has been typically conducted manually with much labor and time, this study not only demonstrates the feasibility of using an LLM for latent content but also contributes to expanding the horizon in the field of AI text extraction.

Every day, there are a large number of new questions produce in question answering community, how to find the answer user for the question and sort candidate answers is the research content of this paper. First of all ,we use statistical language model to model for user interest, make full use of the abundant personalized information in question answering community to find out user interest distribution, and obtain the user list of question recommendation by introducing the query likelihood language model to calculate the degree of user interest to the new question. Secondly, we calculate the matching degree of question and candidate answers through fusing the feature of word form, word order, distance and semantic. The candidate answers of question will be sorted automatically, making it easier for users to choose the best answer. Experiments are performed on data sets extracted from the Baidu know, experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has better performance.

본 연구는 수학 교육을 함에 있어서 인터넷과 미디어의 발달에 알맞은 커뮤니티 구성과 UCC(User Created Contents)와 같은 학습자 중심의 새로운 DB를 생성함과 핸드라이팅(Handwriting)을 통한 질의응답 학습에 관하여 연구한 것이다. 핸드라이팅은 문자의 생성과 흐름을 같이하는 인류 최 대의 커뮤니케이션 도구이다. 이러한 가장 보편적이고 이미 인지된 커뮤니케이션 도구를 통하여 작 금의 발달된 뉴미디어 기술과 접목한 학습 방법의 연구에 초점을 맞추었다. 연구대상은 서울 강남구 와 수원지역에 거주하는 중고교 집단과 지방에서 교육을 받으러 상경하는 집단을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 학습 능력이 낮은 아이들에게 많은 효과가 있었다. 또한 원거리 학생들에게 유효한 사실을 알게 되었다. 그러나 멘토들이 정보통신 도구의 자유로운 활용에서 얼마나 적응할 수 있느냐가 관건 이 되는 사항이기도 하였다. 학생들의 소심한 성격으로 학교나 학원에서 질문을 못하던 학생들이 발 전적인 성장을 보인 것은 유의할 사항이다. 연구결과 수학과 같은 수식이나 도형의 입력이 자유로운 도구들이 발전하고 있으며 향후 더욱 편하고 안정적인 도구들이 출시될 것이다. 현존하는 도구들을 이용한 연구임에도 e-러닝에서의 질의응답을 통한 수학교육도 효율적으로 유의될 수 있음을 확인 하였다.

This study is to propose a new way of student-oriented mathematics learning through question and answer technique with the aid of information technology, such as user friendly computer interface and so many useful software. Handwriting is known as a very old tool of human being's communication. Hyrid of both handwriting and recent information technolgy can provide us with a new and easy model of student-oriented mathematics learning. Ubiquitous learning of elementary mathematics learning with question and answer technique and availability of mentor-mentee will be discussed and tested.

Kim, Sa-ryang asked several questions through Cheon-ma(The Horse of Heaven) to a Japanese writer, Tanaka, Hidemitsu when New Order Movement was spreading following the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war. The question was about the area called Joseon, Joseon language, and Joseon culture. Tanaka did not answer it until 8 years after through Chwihanbae(Yoidore-bune/The Drunken Ship). Japan’s defeat in the war could be one reason of course but the answer that Tanaka gave through Chwihan bae(Yoidore-bune/The Drunken Ship) was full of empty words. In other words, it was just an answer without answer. It said that Tanaka himself was another victim of imperialism. Besides, Tanaka kept expressing that he comprehended well about Joseon, Joseon people, and joseon culture in his work. Every logic in his work was depending on imperialistic orientalism from adoption of spy fiction form, to ignorance, prejudice and misunderstanding about Joseon, Joseon people and Joseon language; furthermore, he expressed his memory that was transformed and fabricated after defeat in the war in his work. He cleverly whitewashed and eliminated the fact that he actively tried to transfer Joseon literature during the colonial period into empire literature. Tanaka’s attitude was closely related to the way how empire regarded colony. The historical fact of Japanese defeat in the war led the postwar Japan to the unexpected direction. Asia, including Joseon, was forgotten, or deleted while the Greater East Asia War was renamed the Pacific War; the logic that Japan and Japanese people except some warlords were another victim was reinforced by this. As a result of looking for the cause of war from inside of Japan, a nationalistic structure that ｢inland=Japan｣, ｢people=Japanese｣ was set in. Tanaka’s Chwihan bae(Yoidore-bune/The Drunken Ship) accords to this structure, so-called ‘Oblivion Empire’.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the responses of an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot and professional periodontists to patient queries in periodontology and implantology, using the Korean Academy of Periodontology's (KAP) online question and answer (Q&A) section. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, we analyzed 219 patient-submitted periodontal and implant knowledge questions from the KAP online Q&A section. A panel of 10 evaluators-5 periodontists and 5 laypersons-rated both the periodontist's and the AI chatbot's responses using standardized scales. We applied the t-test and Spearman correlation coefficients to compare response quality, empathy, consistency, and evaluator preferences. Results: Ten evaluators judged the AI chatbot's responses to be significantly superior in quality and empathy compared to periodontist replies. A higher proportion of periodontist responses fell below acceptable quality ("very poor" or "poor") than chatbot responses (28.7% vs. 15.0%; P<0.001), and more chatbot replies were rated "empathetic" or "very empathetic" (62.5% vs. 42.8%; P<0.001). Overall response consistency was deemed satisfactory at 64.2%, with no significant difference in consistency or preference between periodontist and lay evaluators. Conclusions: AI-powered chatbots can deliver more accurate and empathetic answers than human periodontists, suggesting their potential role as consultation assistants merits further investigation. The high intraclass correlation coefficient values (0.79-0.93) indicate a high level of agreement among evaluators in both the periodontist and lay evaluator groups, thus confirming the reliability and robustness of the study's assessment methodology.

The literary form of ‘questions and answers’ (Arab. as’ila wa-ajwiba) has been employed in Islamic literature across writings from a wide variety of fields. This article focuses on the uses of this form in Islamic exegetical literature and gives a preliminary assessment of the question-and-answer pattern in the commentary on sura al-F?ti?a in the tafs?r of Mu?ammad ibn Jar?r al-?abar? (d. 310/923). This assessment suggests that the question-and-answer form in al-?abar?’s tafs?r was not only a method of elucidating the meaning of the Qur’?n and a technique of argumentation against al-?abar?’s adversaries, but it also provided a framework for his refutation of the alternative interpretations of the text, and served as a means of asserting al-?abar?’s standing as a commentator on the Qur’?n.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore public perceptions and key issues related to vasectomy in South Korea. In particular, this paper seeks to analyze how vasectomy is discussed on question-and-answer (Q&A) social platforms including NAVER Jisik iN (knowledge exchange service between NAVER users) and to identify topics that capture public interest. Methods: In this study, based on data collected on NAVER Jisik iN from July 2019 to July 2024 with the keyword ‘vasectomy,’ this paper performs a co-occurrence matrix analysis on the Q&A data to identify key terms related to the topic. By applying connection centrality and community detection techniques, this paper visualizes and examines the network graph to uncover relationships between words and identify the primary topics of discussion. Results: The co-occurrence matrix analysis reveals that keywords such as ‘surgery,’ ‘vasectomy,’ and ‘contraception’ play a central role in discussions about vasectomies. Both the Q&A data highlight the vasectomy procedure and contraceptive effectiveness as primary topics of discussion. The visualization graphs intuitively display the centrality and strength of connections between these keywords, as well as the interrelatedness of topics through distinct community groups. Conclusions: The analysis shows that the questions primarily focused on the surgical procedure, while the answers were more concerned with contraceptive effectiveness and physiological aspects. These results suggest that the public’s interest in vasectomy is closely linked to its effectiveness, potential side effects, and related social issues.