Earticle

목적 : 본 연구는 전정감각 중심의 감각통합치료가 인공와우 수술 아동의 감각처리, 문제행동, 청각행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 대전시에 거주하는 인공와우 수술 후 보조기기를 착용한 아동3명을 대상자로 모집한 후에 2019년 8월부터 2019년 11월까지 총 11주간 전정감각 중심의 감각통합치료 프로그램을 실시하였 다. 연구 설계는 단일 사례 실험 설계방법(single subject design)으로 A-B 설계를 사용하였으며, 기초 선 기간 4회, 중재기 15회로 진행되었다. 기초선 기간에는 감각통합치료를 제공하지 않고, 중재기에는 40분간 치료사와 함께 자유놀이를 진행하였다. 중재기에는 대전시의 아동발달센터에서 1회기 당 40분으 로 전정감각 중심의 감각통합치료를 제공하였다. 중재 시작 전과 중재기 15회 직후 참여 아동의 감각처 리 능력과 청각행동을 평가했다. 문제 행동 관찰은 기초선 자유놀이 시간에, 중재기에는 치료가 실시되는 시간에 아동을 관찰하여 기록하였다. 결과 : 전정감각 중심의 감각통합치료를 중재하기 전보다 후에 A, B, C 세 명의 아동에게서 감각처리와 청각행동 의 긍정적인 변화가 있었고, 문제행동에서도 2표준편차 밴드 그래프에서 긍정적인 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 전정감각 중심의 감각통합치료가 인공와우 수술 아동의 감각처리, 문제행동, 청각 행동에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 제시한다.

Objective : This study examined the effects of vestibular sensory integration on the sensory processing, problem behavior, and auditory behavior in children who had cochlear Implants. Methods : This single-subject AB study was conducted for 11 weeks from August to November 2019 with three children with cochlear implants. A pre-test measure of each child’s sensory processing and auditory behavior was recorded with the baseline on operationally defined behavioral problems as four incidents during 40 minutes of free play with an occupational therapist. The treatment period was 15 40-minute sessions of vestibular sensory integration. Behavioral problems were monitored and recorded during each treatment session. Once treatment was complete, a post-test was conducted on the children’s sensory processing and auditory behavior. Results : The sensory processing and auditory behavior of all three participants improved after the vestibular-focused sensory integration, and diverse problem behaviors showed decreasing trends during the interventions. Conclusion : Vestibular sensory integration leads to positive changes in the sensory processing, problem behavior, and auditory behavior of children with cochlear implants.

본 연구는 활동중심 미술치료가 틱 장애 아동의 문제행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알 아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 정서ㆍ행동문제를 보이는 틱 장애 남아이다. 연구는 A센터에서 2017년 3월부터 2017년 7월까지 주2회, 회기 당 50분씩 총 16회기 활동중심 미 술치료를 진행하였다. 연구 효과를 검증하기 위해 아동ㆍ청소년 행동평가척도(K-CBCL)와 벅스행동평정척도(BBRS)를 사전ㆍ사후로 실시하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 회기별 기 술을 바탕으로 아동의 문제행동 변화를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 활동중심 미술치료는 틱 장애 아동의 문제행동 변화에 효과적이었다. 둘째, 미술치료 회기 가 진행됨에 따라 틱 증상과 여타 문제행동이 감소되었다. 결론적으로 활동중심 미술치료는 틱 장애 아동에게 미술치료 과정에서 미술매체와 활동 자체를 통해 심리적 이완과 이로 인 해 정서적인 안정감을 경험하게 하여 문제행동 감소에 효과가 있었다. 본 연구는 틱 장애 아동에 대한 미술치료 연구가 다양하지 못한 상황에서 임상현장 및 틱 장애 중재 관련 미 술치료 프로그램 연구의 기초자료를 제공했다는데 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the activity - centered art therapy on the problem behaviors of children with tic disorders. The study subjects were children with tic disorders who showed emotional and behavioral problems. The research center carried out a total of 16 sessions of activity - centered art therapy at the P center twice a week from March 2017 to July 2017 and 50 minutes per session. In order to verify the effect of the research, the children and adolescents' Behavior Rating Scale (K-CBCL) and the Bucks Behavior Rating Scale (BBRS) were compared before and after the test. In addition, we examined the change of the child 's problem behavior based on the technique of each session. The results of this study are as follows. First, activity - centered art therapy was effective in changing the problem behaviors of children with tic disorders. Second, as the art therapy session progressed, tic symptoms and other problem behaviors decreased. In conclusion, activity-centered art therapy seems to be effective in reducing problem behaviors by experiencing psychological relaxation through art medium and activity itself in art therapy process and experiencing emotional stability. It is significant that this study provided the basic data of art therapy program study related to clinical field and tic disorder intervention in the situation where the art therapy treatment for tic disorder child is not various.

본 연구는 특별교육대상 청소년을 대상으로 문제행동 감소를 위하여 미술치료를 실 시한 사례연구이다. B중학교에서 특별교육 의뢰조치를 받은 청소년 1명을 대상으로 사전·사후검사를 포함하여 총 14회기에 걸쳐 미술치료 프로그램을 실시하였다. 본 연 구는 특별교육대상 청소년의 문제행동 감소에 미술치료가 미치는 어떤 영향을 미쳤는 지 문제행동 감소에 효과적으로 작용하였는지를 알아보기 위해 미술치료 과정에서 드 러난 청소년의 문제행동 변화를 회기별로 기술하였다. 또한, 청소년자기행동평가척도 (K-YSR) 사전·사후 검사를 실시하여 결과를 비교하였다. 본 사례연구는 미술치료의 미술활동과정과 작품을 통한 만족감과 성취감이 특별교육대상 청소년의 문제행동 감 소에 척도상, 회기별 변화에서 긍정적인 영향을 주었다고 볼 수 있다. 본 사례연구는 특별교육대상 청소년의 문제행동 감소에 미술치료의 매체심리와 색체심리, 상징이 장 점으로 작용한 것을 입증해 주어, 임상 현장의 기초자료를 제공하였다는 것에 의미가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of group art therapy programs on the reduction of problem behavior of an adolescent in commissioned education program. The study conducted art therapy programs for a total of 14 sessions, including pre- and post- test, for an adolescent who received commissioned education requests from B Middle School. This study describes changes in the activities of an adolescent in the process of art therapy in order to find out the effects of art therapy on reducing problem behavior of an adolescent in commissioned education program. In addition, pre- and post- test of the K-YSR (K-YSR) was conducted to compare the results. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, art therapy to reduce problem behavior of an adolescent in commissioned education program through session-by- session progress can be seen as having a positive effect on the decrease in problem behavior. Second, art therapy to reduce juvenile problem behavior had a positive impact on the evaluation scale of youth self-behavior. This study is meaningful in that it has demonstrated the effectiveness of art therapy programs to reduce problem behavior of an adolescent in commissioned education program and provided basic data.

연구는 미술치료가 학대받은 아동의 자아존중감과 문제행동에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 G군의 H시설에 입소한 아동 2명으로 A아동은 13세(남), B아동은 11세(여)이고 A․B아동 모두 부에 의한 신체․정서 학대로 시설에 보호 조치 중이며 아동보 호전문기관에서 심리치료를 의뢰하였다. 미술치료는 2017년 3월부터 2017년 7월까지 사전․ 사후 검사를 제외하고 주 1회 각각 50분씩 총 20회기를 실시하였다. 연구도구는 자아존중감 척도(SEI), 아동․청소년 행동평가 척도(K-CBCL), 동적 가족화(KFD)를 사용하여 사전․사후 검 사를 비교․분석하였고, 미술치료 단계별 아동의 변화를 자아존중감과 문제행동을 중심으로 행동특성을 관찰하고 기록한 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 미술치료를 실시한 후에 자아존중감 척도(SEI) 검사에서 A․B아동 모두 사전 검사보다 점 수가 증가하였다. 둘째, 미술치료를 실시한 후에 아동․청소년 행동평가 척도(K-CBCL) 검사에 서 A․B아동 모두 사전 검사보다 점수가 감소하였다. 셋째, 미술치료를 실시한 후에 동적 가 족화(KFD)는 A․B아동 모두 사전의 불안정하고 소극적인 표현과 달리 적극적이고 세밀한 표 현이 가능해졌으며 필압이 뚜렷한 그림으로 변화하였다. 넷째, 미술치료 단계별 행동관찰을 통하여 나타난 변화는 A․B아동 모두 초기 단계에는 눈 마주침이 잘되지 않고 눈치를 많이 보며 활동을 시작하는 시간이 오래 걸렸으나, 점차 눈치 보는 것이 줄어들고 긍정적인 말과 함께 언어표현이 부드러워졌으며 완성품에 만족감을 표현하는 등의 변화를 거쳐 종결 단계에 는 긍정적인 자아상 확립으로 미래에 대한 구체적인 희망을 표현할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of art therapy on the self-esteem and problem behavior of abused children. The subjects of the study were two children who entered the H facility of G province. The children were a 13 year-old A-child(male) and a 11 year-old B-child(female). Both A and B children were protected at the facility from physical and emotional abuse by their fathers, and the child protection agency requested psychotherapy for them. Art therapy was conducted from March 2017 to July 2017 with a total of 20 sessions each for 50 minutes, excluding pre-test and post-test. The research tool used the Self Esteem Inventory(SEI), the Korea-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) and the Kinetic Family Drawing(KFD) to compare and analyze the pre-test and post-test. The change of the child by stage of art therapy was analyzed by collecting data records and observing behavioral characteristics focusing on self-esteem and problem behavior. The results of this study were as follows. First, the score of Self Esteem Inventory(SEI) test of both A and B children was higher after art therapy treatment than that of the pre-test. Second, the score of Korea-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) test of both A and B children was lower after art therapy treatment than that of the pre-test. Third, in Kinetic Family Drawing(KFD) after the art therapy, both A and B children became active and possible detailed expression unlike unstable and passive expressions of their past, and their pictures were changed into pictures with a strong pressure. Fourth, the changes in the behavior observation through the phased art therapy showed that the both of A and B children took long time to start the activity with not getting in eye contact and trying to read one's countenance at the early stage. However, their expression of the language was gradually softened and positive with reducing reading one's countenance, and the satisfaction of the finished product was expressed. Through all these changes, they could express concrete hope for the future by the positive stage of the self-image at the end of stage. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the art therapy for the abused children positively changed the children who had low self-esteem and problem behaviors. Therefore, it can be said that art therapy is effective in improving self-esteem and reducing problem behavior of abused children.

본 연구는 코로나19를 겪는 정서·행동문제를 가진 아동에게 미술치료 프로그램을 실시하여 내재화 문제행동과 외현화 문제행동의 감소와 자아존중감 향상에 효과가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 A시에 거주하며, B지역아동센터에 다니는, 만 10세 남아이다. 연구기간은 2021년 4월 30일에서 2021년 8월 24일까지 주 1회 50분씩, 총 15회기 진행하였다. 연구도구는 아동·청소년 행동평가척도 교사용(TRF)과 자아존중감척도(SEI)를 사전‧사후‧추후에 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 TRF의 T점수, SEI의 점수와 백분율을 비교·분석하였고, 회기별 변화를 살펴보았다. 본 연구결과는 첫째, 미술치료가 코로나19를 겪는 정서·행동문제를 가진 아동의 내재화·외현화 문제행동의 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 미술치료가 코로나19를 겪는 정서·행동문제문제를 가진 아동의 자아존중감 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 종합해보면, 미술치료가 코로나19를 겪는 정서·행동문제를 가진 아동의 내재화·외현화 문제행동 감소와 자아존중감 향상에 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the art therapy program on reducing internalization problem behavior and externalization problem behavior and improving self-esteem for a child with emotional behavioral problems experiencing COVID-19. The subject was 10-year-old male child, living in A city and attending B local children's center. The study was conducted for a total of 15 sessions, 50 minutes a week, from April 30, 2021 to August 24, 2021. As research tools, the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF) and the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) were conducted in advance, afterwards, and later. For data analysis, T-score of TRF, the score and the percentage of SEI were compared and analyzed, and the sessional changes were examined. The results of this study were, first, that art therapy was effective in reducing internalization problem behavior and externalization problem behavior of a child with emotional behavioral problems experiencing COVID-19. Second, art therapy was effective in improving Self-esteem of a child with emotional behavioral problems experiencing COVID-19. Taken together, it can be said that art therapy is effective in reducing internalization problem behavior and externalization problem behavior and improving self-esteem of a child with emotional behavioral problems experiencing COVID-19.

본 연구는 집단미술치료 프로그램이 인터넷중독 아동의 문제행동 감소와 자기효능감에 미치는 효과를 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상자는 W초등학교 6학년을 대상으로 프 로그램 실시 전 인터넷중독척도(K-척도), 아동문제행동검사(K-YSR), 자기효능감검사를 실시하여 임상척도에 해당하는 5명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 집단미술치료 프로그램은 학교 상담실에서 주 1회 10주간 1회기에 90분씩 실시하였다. 자료분석은 비 모수 검정인 Wilcoxon 부호순위 검정을 실시하였으며 통계 프로그램은 SPSS Window18.0 으로 하였 다. 그 결과 첫째, 집단미술치료 프로그램이 인터넷중독 아동의 문제행동 감소에, 유의미 한 차이로 효과가 있었으며 집단미술치료 프로그램이 인터넷중독 아동의 K-척도 변화에 유의미한 차이가 있어 긍정적 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 둘째, 집단미술치료 프로그램이 인터 넷중독 아동의 자기효능감에 유의미한 효과를 나타냈다. 이상과 같은 결과는 집단미술치 료 프로그램이 아동간의 상호작용을 통한 고립의 완화가 현실세계의 인식을 가져와 문제 행동을 감소시킨 효과로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 후속연구로 K-척도변화와 문제행동감소 그리고 자기효능감의 관계를 연구하여 보다 효과적인 집단 미술치료프로그램의 개발 필요성을 제안한다.

This study is about knowing how group art therapy program effects decrease in problematic behavior and self efficacy of children in internet addiction. Study recipient was 13 years old students who are in W primary school. K-criterion(Internet addiction criterion), child problem behavior diagnosis(K-YSR) and self efficacy test were conducted. Group art therapy program was conducted in counseling room of university about 90 minutes once a week for 10 times. Data was analysed by Willcoxon qualification and SPSS Window18.0 was used for1statistics program. Result is as in the following. First, Group art therapy program made a positive difference in change of K-criterion of internet addict children. Second, the program effected positively in decrease of internet addict children's problematic behavior. Third, It also improved self efficacy of internet addict children. Results of these show that Group art therapy program effects on helping children to get out of isolation through interaction so that improve cognition of reality. Also it resulted in decreation of problem behavior. Therefore I suggest developing more efficient group art therapy program with studying relations of change of K-criterion and reduction in problematic behaviors, and also self-efficacy from now on.

본 연구는 초등학교 1-4학년 ADHD아동을 대상으로 미술중심 융합예술치료의 효과성 검증 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 D시 소재 E지역아동센터 4명의 ADHD아동들로, 2019년 9월 3일부터 10월 29일까지 총 16회기, 주2회로, 50분 프로그램으로 진행하였다. 평가방법은 양적 척도의 경우, 아동청소년 행동 평가척도 교사용(TRF)을 활용하였다. 질적 평가의 경우, 단계별 행동 변화분석으로 대상 아동의 작품과 회기참여 관찰내용을 분석하였다. 미술중심의 치료영역과 다양한 예술치료 영역을 융합한 프로그램으로 반응변수로는 주의집중, 과잉행동, 충동성의 세 가지 영역이다. 이 세 가지 반응변수를 사전･사후, 관측 수집하여 SPSS Win 25.0 통계프로그램 T-test로 연구 분석하였다. 본 연구결과에서 미술중심 융합예술치료는 ADHD아동의 문제행동 개선이 사전검사에서 사후검사까지 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 회기관찰에서 긍정적인 결과가 도출되 었다. 후속 연구에서는 일반화와 객관화를 위한 연구대상자가 추가된 표집수와 약물복용과 약 물 비복용 집단을 분리하여 이에 따른 심층적 연구가 필요하겠다. 본 연구를 기반으로 제언의 사례를 보완하여, 향후 ADHD아동의 문제행동 개선을 위한 다양한 예술영역을 활용한 심리치 료적 접근의 방법이 확대되어 임상현장에서 적용되기를 바란다.

The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of art-oriented convergence art therapy for ADHD children in the first graders to fourth grade of elementary school. The subjects of this study were 4 children with ADHD at Children Center at E Region located in D City. The program was performed total 16 sessions, 2 sessions a week from September 3rd, 2019 to October 29th, 2019. In case of qualitative evaluation, the works and the observation contents of session participation were analyzed with the in-depth interview and the stepwise behavioral change analysis. The response variables through the art-oriented therapy area was 3 areas of concentration of attention, over-concentration and impulsiveness. Collected with the pretest and the post test and were analyzed with T-test of SPSS Win 25.0 Statistical Program. In the results of this study, the art-oriented convergence art therapy showed the statistically significant result in all areas of the improvement of problem behavior in the children with ADHD from the pretest to post test. In the follow-up research, for the generalization and the objectification, the in-depth research, which the research subjects are added, is required.

본 연구는 만 5세 5개월 된 유치원 부적응 유아에게 활동중심 미술치료를 적용하여 문제행동을 개선시키는 효과를 살펴보고자 한 사례연구이다. 연구절차는 A센터에서 주 2회 50분씩 총 16회기 활동중심 미술치료 프로그램을 실시하였다. 회기별 행동변화를 평정자간 신뢰도 100%에 해당하는 내용과 어머니 면담내용을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 활동중심 미술치료 프로그램은 유치원 부적응 유아의 회기별 문제행동 변화에 긍정적인 효과를 주었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 한 논의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구조화된 활동중심 미술치료 프로그램이 문제행동 개선에 효과적으로 작용하였다. 둘째, 활동중심 미술치료 프로그램에서는 매체를 만지며 작업을 하며 억압된 감정을 해소하여 심리적 안정을 주어 부적응 행동을 적응행동으로 바꾸어 준다. 셋째, 활동중심 미술치료의 치료적 요인은 활동하는 자체가 심리적 효과가 있다는 것이다. 또한, 유아는 활동중심 미술치료 작업과정에서 작품의 완성을 통하여 자신감과 성취감을 경험하게 되었다. 결론적으로, 활동중심 미술치료는 미술매체와 미술활동 경험을 통해 자신의 욕구를 표출시켜 유아의 잠재적 긴장이나 불안을 완화하여 정서적인 안정을 통하여 문제행동을 개선하고 지속성을 유지하도록 하는데 효과적이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 활동중심 미술치료가 유아의 정서적인 안정에 긍정적인 영향을 주어 문제행동을 개선시키고, 미술치료 프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의를 가진다.

This study is a case study to examine the effect of applying activity-oriented art therapy to a preschool child aged 5 years and 5 months to improve problem behavior. The research procedure was conducted at A Center for 50 minutes of activity-oriented art therapy twice a week for a total of 16 sessions. Changes in behavior in each session were analyzed based on 100% of inter-rater reliability contents and interview with the mother. As a result of this study, the activity-oriented art therapy program had a positive effect on the change in problem behavior by session of a preschool child. Discussions based on research results are as follows. First, structured activity-oriented art therapy programs worked effectively to improve problem behavior. Second, in the activity-oriented art therapy program, children touch the medium, work and relieve their constrained emotions, thereby converting non-adaptive behavior into adaptive behavior by providing psychological stability. Third, the therapeutic factor of activity-oriented art therapy is that itself has psychological effects. In addition, a child experienced self-confidence and sense of accomplishment through completion of their work during the activity-oriented art therapy process. In conclusion, activity-oriented art therapy can be effective in expressing a child’s desire through the art media and experience in art activities, thereby improving problem behavior and maintaining continuity through emotional stability by alleviating the potential tension or anxiety of a child. This study is meaningful in that activity-oriented art therapy has a positive effect on the emotional stability of a child, improving problem behavior, and providing basic data for the art therapy program.

본 연구는 학교 밖 청소년의 자살 시도 예측 변수를 조사하기 위해 학업중단청소년 패널조사 1차년도 조사자료를 사용한 2차 데이터 분석 연구이다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 26.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 수행되었다. 연구에 포함된 776명의 참가자 중 62명(8%)에서 학업중단 이후 자살 시도가 보고되었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 학업중단 이전의 자살시도 경험(OR=10.66), 폭력피해 경험(OR=6.97), 음주(OR=3.73), 우울(OR=2.62), 부모애착(OR=0.47), 또래와의 관계(OR=0.63)가 학업 중단 이후 자살 시도의 유의한 예측인자였다. 따라서 학교 밖 청소년의 자살 시도를 예방하기 위해서는 학업 중단 전의 자살 시도 경험을 확인해야 한다. 또한 심리적 상황, 대인관계, 폭력경험 등을 고려한 융합적 자살예방 프로그램의 수립이 필요하다.

This study is a secondary data analysis study using the 1st Panel Survey of School Dropouts in Korea for investigating predictors of suicide attempts in out-of-school youths (OSYs). Data analysis were performed using the SPSS 26.0 statistical program. Suicide attempts were reported in 62 (8%) of the 776 participants included in the study. Logistic regression analysis revealed that suicide attempts before school dropout (OR=10.66), experience of violence victimization (OR=6.97), alcohol consumption (OR=3.73), depression (OR=2.62), parental attachment (OR=0.47), peer relationships (OR=0.63) before school dropout were significant predictors of suicide attempts. Prevention of suicide attempts by OSYs should be preceded by confirmation of their experience in suicide attempts before school dropout. In addition, it is required to establish a suicide prevention program considering psychological situations, interpersonal relationships, and violence experiences.

본 연구는 미술치료가 입양아동의 문제행동 감소와 안정애착 형성을 도우기 위하여 시 도된 가족 미술치료 사례연구이다. 연구대상은 A지역 C초등학교 4학년에 재학 중 인 입양 아동 1명으로 단일사례 연구로 1회기 50분씩 주 2회기로 총 15회기로 실시하였다. 먼저, 회기별 행동 변화를 질적으로 분석하고 아동·청소년 문제행동척도(K-CBCL)의 사전·사후 변화를 통하여 아동의 문제행동 감소를 살펴보았으며 새둥지화(BND)의 사전·사후 변화를 통하여 안정애착 형성의 변화를 살펴보았다. 연구결과는 첫째, 가족 미술치료는 입양아동 의 문제행동 감소에 효과적이었다. 둘째, 가족 미술치료는 입양아동의 애착형성에 긍정적 인 변화가 있었다. 결론적으로, 가족 미술치료는 입양아동의 욕구를 표출을 통해 심리적 안정을 도모하여 문제행동 감소에 도움을 주고 입양가족이 자연스럽게 소통할 수 있는 기 회를 제공함으로써 입양아동의 안정적인 애착형성에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 입양아동과 입양가족을 위한 임상현상의 기초 자료로써 의미가 있으 며 앞으로도 입양아동과 입양가족을 위한 다양한 연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다.

This study is a family art therapy case study in which art therapy was used to help reduce problem behavior of a adopted child and form secure attachment. The study was conducted on an adopted child in the fourth grade of C elementary school in the A area. A total of 15 sessions of family art therapy were conducted to the subjects in a total of 2 sessions per week for 50 minutes per session. In order to test the effects, the behavioral changes of each family art therapy session were also analyzed qualitatively. The children and adolescents problem behavior scale(K-CBCL), bird's Nest Drawing Test(BND) were performed and the change has been analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. First, family art therapy was effective in reducing the problem behaviors of the adopted child. Second, family art therapy was effective in formation of secure attachment for the adoptive child. In conclusion, family art therapy can help to reduce problem behavior and form secure attachment of adopted children by providing opportunities for the family to express their desire and interact naturally with each other.

The present study purposed to examine problem behaviors of young children around Gwang-ju․Jeonnam area, classified by gender, age and place of residence. For this purpose, we used Goh Hyun (2008) Problem Behavior Scale for Children (PBRSC) and measured problem behaviors of 316 young children aged between 3～5. According to the results, among the young children in this area, boys showed a higher mean score of problem behaviors than girls but the difference was not statistically significant. Second, among the young children in the Gwang-ju․ Jeonnam area, problem behaviors showed statistically significant difference depending on age. By subarea, five‐year‐old children showed lower mean scores than threeand four‐year‐old ones in ‘roblem behaviors related to peer relation,’ ‘problem behaviors related to development,’‘roblem behaviors related to basic life habits’and ‘roblem behaviors related to morality.’® Third, children’ problem behaviors did not show statistically significant difference according to place of residence. Accordingly, it is concluded that children’ problem behaviors are not varied with gender or place of residence, but with age. The results of this study suggest the necessity for developing educational interventions in Gwangju․Jeonnam young children’ problem behaviors, and provide basic materials for identifying the patterns of problem behaviors according to gender, age and place of residence and setting directions for the development of required educational activities.

Pearlin 등(1990)은 치매 환자 보호자의 스트레스를 일차적 스트레스와 이로 인한 이차적 스트레스로 구분했으며, 일차적 스트레스를 또 다시 객관적 스트레스요인과 주관적 스트레스 요인으로 구분하였다. 기억 및 행동문제점검-개정판(Revised-Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist: R-MBPC)은 환자 보호자의 객관적 스트레스를, 부담조사(Burden Interview: BI)는 주관적 스트레스를 평가하는 척도이다. 본 연구에서는 두 척도를 한국 상황에 맞게 번안하여, 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하였으며, 이를 위해 치매 진단이 확정된 환자의 보호자 128명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 결과, R-MBPC:빈도 및 반응, BI의 내적 일치도는 .90에서 .93까지 나타났고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .91에서 .97로 양호하였으며, 환자의 인지 기능, 일상생활 기능, 보호자의 정서 등을 측정하는 척도들과의 수렴 타당도 및 변별 타당도도 대체로 우수하였다. 또한 R-MBPC:빈도의 요인분석을 통하여 원논문에서 제시된 3개의 요인 구조와 일치하는 결과를 얻었으나, BI의 경우에는 2개의 요인 구조를 확인하는데 제한점이 있었다. 이와 함께, 환자의 치매 정도에 따라 보호자의 객관적 스트레스와 주관적 스트레스를 분석한 결과, 경도 치매 환자 보호자의 스트레스는 중등도 이상의 치매 환자 보호자의 스트레스와 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 연구 결과 확인된 연구대상의 특성, 문화적 차이 등에 대해 논의하였으며, 본 연구를 기초로 치매 환자 보호자의 스트레스 과정에 대한 포괄적인 평가 모델에 대한 검증이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Primary stressors, core variable in the model of the stress process in dementia patients' caregivers that Pearlin et al.(1990) proposed, are divided into objective stressors and subjective stressors, which are distinct and hypothesized to be differently related to patients and/or caregivers variables. The Revised-Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist(R-MBPC) measures objective stressors and the Burden Interview(BI) evaluates subjective stressors in dementia patients' caregivers. In this study, we translated the R-MBPC and the BI according to the Korean situation and tested the reliability and validity of the two scales. For this, two scales were administered to 128 dementia patients' caregivers. As a result, the internal consistencies of the R-MBPC:Frequency, the R-MBPC:Reaction and the BI were from .90 to .93, and the test-retest reliability were from .91 to .97. In addition, the correlations between the two scales and scales that assess patients' cognitive abilities, daily living abilities, and caregivers' emotions were suitable. Through factor analysis, it was confirmed that the R-MBPC is composed of three factors as presented in the original article, but it was suggested that the two factors of the BI in the original article has limitations in the Korean situation. Lastly, in the analysis for the caregivers' objective and subjective stress according to dementia severity, the significant difference between the mild dementia patient group and the moderate or severe dementia patient group was remarkable. The influence between the caregivers' characteristics and cultural background was discussed, and in the future, a comprehensive model for the stress process in the caregivers of dementia patients should be investigated.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of intervention using the therapeutic robot, PARO, on the cognition, emotion, problem behavior, and social interaction of elderly people with dementia. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 33 elderly people with dementia living in a nursing home facility participated in the study, with 17 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. The intervention program with PARO was administered twice a week for 6 weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. Data were collected before and after intervention, using a questionnaire, direct observation, and video recording. Results: There were statistically significant differences in positive emotions and problem behaviors between the groups. The experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in social interaction. Conclusion: PARO intervention can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention to increase positive emotions and social interaction, as well as decrease problem behaviors, in elderly people with dementia living in nursing home facilities.

This study investigates the longitudinal bidirectional process between interparental conflict and children’s negative emotionality, and examines whether they predict children’s later problem behaviors. The participants were 2,150 children (1,091 boys; 1,059 girls) and their parents who participated in a large longitudinal panel study on Korean families, the Panel Survey on Korean Children of the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. In this study, data from children aged 0?9 years were included in the analysis, and the bidirectional process between interparental conflict and children’s negative emotionality was explored from 0 to 4 years of age. Statistical analysis was conducted using a non-recursive model within a structural equation modeling framework. Both interparental conflict and children’s negative emotionality positively predicted problem behaviors at nine years of age. However, the bidirectional relationship between interparental conflict and children’s negative emotionality appeared in the opposite direction to the hypothesis at age one and was not significant thereafter. In the Discussion section, suggestions for future studies along with the clinical significance of parental conflict as a target to consider in children’s interventions are addressed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the construct equivalence of the general five factors of healthbehavior and to compare the latent means between adolescents with a health problem and those without in Korea. Methods: The 2009 KYRBS (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey) data were used for the analysis. Multi-groupconfirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the scale had configural, metric, and scalar invariancesacross the existence of health problems in adolescents. Results: Configural, metric, and factor invariances weresatisfied for the latent mean analysis (LMA) between adolescents with health problem and those without. Adolescents with health problem and those without were not different in the LMA of all factors. Conclusion: Healthproviders should give more interest to the group of adolescents with health problems and consider prudentialschool life to the same group.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association among various adolescent prob- lem behaviors in South Korea, focusing on gender differences. Methods: This secondary analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted in 2023 which included 52,880 mid- dle and high school students in South Korea. They completed an anonymous self-admin- istered survey regarding problem behaviors (drinking alcohol, smoking, drugs use, and sexual experiences). Data were analyzed using complex-samples chi-square and multiple logistic regression models. Results: Among the 52,880 adolescents, the prevalence rates of alcohol use, smoking, drug use, and sexual experiences were 32.6%, 8.6%, 1.7%, and 6.5%, respectively. Gender differences were observed in alcohol use complex-samples multiple logistic regression models. However, no significant gender difference was found in drug use (p=.250). Four problem behaviors were significantly associated with one other when analyzed as inde- pendent variables (odds ratio [OR], 1.33?10.85). The strongest associations were found between alcohol use and smoking (OR, 10.49?10.85), and between smoking and sexual experiences (OR, 4.91?4.96). Conclusion: This study found significant gender differences in adolescent problem be- haviors, with male adolescents exhibiting higher rates of alcohol use, smoking, and sexu- al experience. Strong associations were observed between alcohol use and smoking, as well as between smoking and sexual experience. These findings suggest the need for in- tegrated intervention strategies that target multiple co-occurring problem behaviors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the problem drinking status of college students, and to verify the effect of the experience of school violence victimization on the suicidal behavior of college students and the moderating effect of problem drinking in the process Method: In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 338 college students were surveyed online and data of 330 researchers were analyzed. Results: The main results of this study are as follows. First, when examining the problem drinking status of college students, 72.0%(236) of normal drinking group and 28.0% (92) of problem drinking group showed. Second, the experience of school violence victimization had a positively significant effect on suicide behavior. Third, problem drinking, a moderator variable, was found to have a significant positive effect on suicidal behavior. Fourth, it was found that experience of school violence affected the problem drinking in the process of positively affecting suicidal behavior. Based on these results, we suggest practical and policy implications for enhancing suicide problems of college students and improving mental health.

연구목적: 본 연구는 유아교사의 문제행동지도전략에 영향을 미치는 심리적 요인을 이해하기 위해, 유아교사의 문제행동지도 자신감과 그릿 및 소진감이 문제행동지도전략에 어떠한 방식으로 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 구체적으로 문제행동지도 자신감, 그릿이 문제행동지도전략에 미치는 영향에 대하여 소진감 변인이 조절 및 매개 역할을 하는지 살펴보았다. 연구방법: B지역의 유치원․어린이집 22곳에 근무하는 유아교사 223명을 대상으로 질문지 조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS-WIN 25.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, Cronbach’s α, 적률상관분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 유아교사의 문제행동지도전략에 대해 문제행동지도 자신감 및 그릿은 정적 상관관계를, 소진감은 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 유아교사의 소진감은 문제행동지도 자신감이 문제행동지도전략에 미치는 영향을 조절하였다. 즉, 유아의 문제행동지도 자신감이 문제행동지도전략에 미치는 긍정적 영향력은 소진감이 낮은 경우에만 유의하였다. 마지막으로 유아교사의 그릿이 문제행동지도전략에 미치는 영향은 소진감 변인이 부분 매개하였다. 결론: 유아교사의 문제행동지도 자신감 및 그릿과 같은 심리적 요인은 문제행동지도전략에 긍정적 영향을 미치나, 이러한 영향력은 소진감 변인의 조절 및 매개적 역할을 통해 완화된다. 유아교사의 바람직한 문제행동지도전략 사용을 위해서 이들의 소진감을 줄이기 위한 다각적 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

Objective: This study attempted to investigate the influence of problem behavior guidance confidence, grit and burnout on problem behavior guidance strategies in order to understand psychological factors that affect problem behavior guidance strategies of early childhood teachers. More specifically, this study investigated mediating and moderating role of burnout in the influence of problem behavior guidance confidence and grit on problem behavior guidance strategies. Methods: Two hundred twenty three early childhood teachers participated in this study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s α, product moment correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression Results: First, problem behavior guidance strategies were significantly and positively correlated with problem behavior guidance confidence and grit, but negatively correlated with burnout. Second, early childhood teachers’ burnout moderated the influence of problem behavior guidance confidence on problem behavior guidance strategies. The positive influence of problem behavior guidance confidence on problem behavior guidance strategies was significant only when the level of burnout were low. Finally, burnout partially mediated the influence of early childhood teachers’ grit on problem behavior guidance strategies. Conclusions: Psychological factors such as problem behavior guidance confidence and grit have positively influenced on early childhood teachers’ problem behavior guidance strategies and this influence was alleviated through moderating and mediating role of burnout. This results suggest that every effort needs to be made to reduce burnout in order for early childhood teachers to use desirable problem behavior guidance strategies.