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This study explores the role of brand value in the global expansion of Korean food franchise companies, using big data text analysis via the Textom platform. Drawing from unstructured text collected from digital sources, the study conducted word frequency analysis and CONCOR network analysis to reveal key semantic structures in consumer and media discourse. Prominent keywords such as “brand,” “localization,” “global market,” and “Hallyu” emerged as central themes, reflecting the strategic importance of cultural identity and adaptation in overseas expansion. The CONCOR analysis identified dense keyword clusters around “brand trust,” “K-food,” and “consumer recognition,” illustrating how brand value is framed in public discussion. These findings demonstrate that strategic messaging and localized brand communication are essential to franchise success abroad. By combining qualitative nuance with quantitative depth, this study offers actionable insights for marketers and strategists aiming to strengthen brand equity in global markets. Future research should extend to platform-specific sentiment shifts and regional differences in perception.

The emergency of quantum computing is a threat to the foundations of classical cryptographic systems such as RSA and ECC. Currently these algorithms underpin modern data security. Quantum computing based attacks when executed can render these cryptographic systems obsolete. Thus, there is need to transition to quantum-resistant cryptography to protect critical infrastructure including in smart cities where secure and resilient data exchange is paramount. However, this transiting is faced with significant challenges due to legacy systems. To solve this issue, our paper introduces Hybrid Quantum-Safe Encryption (HQSE) that is a dual layer encryption integrating classical cryptography with Quantum computing resistant techniques. Specifically, we evaluate our approach using an integrated classical RSA and Kyber512 that is a lattice based post-quantum algorithm. Multiple files ranging from 256 kb to 2048 kb were then encrypted and decrypted using each algorithm, The performance of our approach was evaluated using metrics such as encryption and decryption time, integrity verification, matching ratio and error rate. Results indicated that Kyber512 consistently outperformed RSA in terms of efficiency. On the other hand, the hybrid model demonstrated middle ground behavior signifying enhanced security without substantial performance loss. Notably our solution achieved near-zero integrity verification delays, matching ratio of 1 and error rate of 0 across all the algorithms. These insights validate the HQSE as a viable transitional solution for protecting legacy cryptographic systems against quantum-era threats. Furthermore, this research contributes to global cybersecurity by introducing a hybrid encryption model that enhances digital resilience particularly in the next generation smart cities.

In the modern foodservice industry, SNS has become a key marketing channel shaping consumer perceptions through user-generated content and advertising. Yet the rapid growth of food-related ads raises concerns over false and exaggerated claims, requiring objective analysis of consumer awareness. This study analyzes perceptions of misleading SNS foodservice advertising using big data collected with the keyword set “SNS + foodservice + advertisement.” Keyword network and CONCOR analysis revealed semantic clusters of advertising-related terms, while sentiment analysis showed that 83% of responses were positive (“good feeling,” “interest,” “joy”) and 17% were negative (“disgust,” “anger,” “fear”), reflecting both engagement and distrust. The findings indicate that SNS foodservice advertising should move beyond simple information delivery to ensure consistency between consumer experience and brand communication. Unlike prior qualitative approaches, this study provides an empirical perspective by integrating data-driven structural and emotional analysis. Future research should compare different platforms and refine sentiment methods, while policy measures are needed to strengthen transparency and accountability in SNS advertising.

The Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) is widely recognized as the gold standard for diagnosing dysphagia, as it provides dynamic X-ray imaging of bolus transit from the oral cavity to the esophagus. However, manually interpreting VFSS videos is time-consuming and heavily reliant on expert analysis, often leading to significant diagnostic delays. In this study, we present a web-based artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic system capable of real-time detection of swallowing disorders. The proposed system incorporates the state-of-the-art YOLOv7 object detection model to identify key phases of swallowing—oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal—as well as pathological events such as penetration and aspiration. A total of 1,079 clinical VFSS cases were collected, annotated, and used to train the AI model. The system processes multi-frame VFSS files, detects dysphagia automatically, and delivers immediate diagnostic feedback through an interactive web interface. The developed AI model demonstrates high accuracy across all stages of swallowing and is expected to significantly reduce diagnostic turnaround times, thereby enhancing the clinical utility of VFSS in routine healthcare settings.

Purpose: We examined the combined effects of academic burnout, optimism, and self-leadership on selfcontrol among university students to identify actionable targets for intervention. Methods: We surveyed 133 students using validated Korean versions of standard instruments and analyzed the data with t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression while adjusting for general characteristics. Results: We found that self-leadership (β = 0.33, p < .001), academic burnout (β = −0.21, p = .049), and subjective physical health (β = 0.20, p = .041) significantly predicted self-control, jointly explaining 31.7% of its variance (Adj. R² = .317). We observed a positive correlation between self-leadership and self-control and a negative correlation between academic burnout and self-control, while optimism showed no significant association. Conclusion: We interpret the nonsignificant effect of optimism as consistent with theories positing indirect or longer-horizon pathways to self-regulation. We contribute empirical evidence that self-leadership is the strongest proximal predictor of self-control and provide practical guidance for integrating brief self-leadership training and health-promotion components into campus services.

This study aims to compare the association between smartphone use and mental health by separating middle and high schoo. This national cross-sectional secondary study used data from the 20th (2024) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey(KYRBS). The respondents were 54,653 middle and high school students. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis and complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. The results showed that middle school students who responded that they perceived stress as ‘much’ used smartphones (more than 6 hours per day) 1.316 times (p<.05) more than those who responded that they perceived stress as ‘little’ and who responded that they felt loneliness as ‘much’ used smartphones (more than 6 hours per day) 0.808 times (p<.001) more than ‘little’. Among high school students, those who answered ‘much’ to loneliness spent 0.781 times (p<.001) more time using their smartphones (more than 6 hours per day) than ‘little’. However, the perceived stress in high school was not statistically significant. This study results will provide basis information for the developing an intervention program to reduce smartphone use for healthy mental health in middle and high school students. Furthermore, tailored intervention program consideriong each school’s characteristic should be developed based on the community and schoo setting.

This study is to identify the factors that affect macular degeneration of daily foods. The number of subjects was distributed as 51 in the macular degeneration group and 5,087 in the normal group. The frequency of intake was used by quantifying the frequency of intake of food. Through regression analysis, the OR and the 95% CI were used to determine whether it was a risk factor. The principal component analysis method was analyzed as a factor extraction method using a varimax rotation method. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, in terms of waist circumference, macular degeneration patients averaged 89.15±7.24 points, significantly higher than normal people's average of 82.72±16.47 points(p=.001). Secondly, the relationship between macular degeneration and prevalence, factor 1(carrot, bilberry, egg. spinach, cabbage, sweet potato. seaweed, tomato) has an inverse relationship by lowering the risk of macular disease by 0.584 times(p=0.046). This study could be applied to other eye diseases. If there is a disease directly related to visual impairment, such as macular degeneration, nutritional guidelines for it are more urgently needed.

PDS platform has gained attraction due of its benefit of rapid and automatic medical data transfer. One critical issue of current PDS platforms is the absence of capability to prevent the personal medial data delivered to legal users from being retransferred to and accessed by other illegal users. Existing authentication methods grant access of legal users and reject access of illegal users. However these existing methods cannot prevent personal data delivered to legal users from being retransferred to and accessed by other illegal users. In order to manage illegal access of delivered personal medical data, we design a reliable access management scheme that prevents illegal access of non-permitted users to sensitive personal medical data. The proposed scheme encrypts all personal medical data and allows the decryption of encrypted data only to legal users passed through authentication. In order to guarantee operation reliability, the access management function is implemented with smart contract software upon the blockchain system. Also the scheme records access history of legal and illegal users into the blockchain storage for reliable access tracking. Evaluation shows that the proposed scheme controls the access of legal users and illegal users with 100% accuracy. The proposed scheme helps highly sensitive medical data related to personal privacy from to be disclosed only to involved entities but not to unauthorized entities.

This study aimed to explore the factors influencing career development among nurses pursuing further academic education and to analyze domestic research trends in this field. A total of 15 relevant studies published in Korean academic journals between 2013 and 2024 were included for analysis. The selected articles were reviewed based on their general characteristics, core concepts, and dependent variables. The most frequently addressed core concepts were self-efficacy, academic stress, ego-resilience, and career commitment. Common dependent variables included academic achievement, career decision-making, role conflict, and quality of life. Most studies adopted a quantitative survey design, and the primary participants were clinical nurses or graduate-level nursing students. The findings of this study provide foundational insights for future career development strategies and highlight the importance of multidisciplinary and institutional support for nurses balancing work and academic pursuits. These findings provide both theoretical implications for nursing education and practical strategies for supporting nurses balancing work and study.

We provide an overview of the disclosure status of domestic companies by business division. Based on literature, we find that the more complex a company's business activities and the larger the company size, the more likely it is to report by business segment. In contrast, companies with higher profitability and operating in more concentrated industries are less likely to disclose by business segment. We also observe that the more complex a company's management activities were, the larger the company size, and the higher the need for financing, the higher the number of reported sales departments, but the higher the profitability, the lower the number of reported sales departments. This study is expected to provide policy implications to relevant regulatory authorities by indirectly suggesting through previous research results that companies may voluntarily disclose information depending on their unique characteristics and industrial structure, and that there is an incentive to do otherwise.

Audio recognition systems based on artificial intelligence are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. We designed audio adversarial attack models and experimented with clip, adaptive noise, high frequency emphasis, and invert phase attack models, as well as hybrid attack models based on these, to confirm through experimentation how these attack models affect adversarial attacks. The research method involved experimenting with nine attack models using the Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture Database dataset and evaluating how the attacks changed emotional states based on superb/wav2vec2-base-superb-er. Evaluation metrics included emotional scores and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio. Our research results confirmed attack success in the adaptive noise model, hybrid adaptive clip model, and hybrid invert phase model. Our research contributes to voice authentication and defense technique design.

Hotel buildings are densely occupied public facilities, where evacuation efficiency during fire emergencies directly determines life safety. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of hotel staff safety evacuation under Chinese and Korean standards, emphasizing the effects of anthropometric parameters and staircase configurations on evacuation performance. Using Pathfinder software, an evacuation model of an 8-storey commercial hotel (385 occupants) was constructed. Simulations were performed under Chinese and Korean anthropometric standards across three staircase scenarios (2, 3, and 4 staircases). A total of 20 Monte Carlo simulations were run for each scenario, and RSET values were analyzed. RSET values under Chinese standards were consistently longer than under Korean standards, with mean differences ranging from 31 to 45.2 seconds. The addition of staircases significantly reduced RSET under both standards. Statistical analysis (t-test) confirmed that these differences were significant (p < 0.05). The study highlights the impact of anthropometric standards on evacuation performance and proposes optimization strategies such as mid-building staircases, AI monitoring of congestion, and allocating elderly occupants and children to lower floors.

We are designed to compare the impact of smoke control systems on Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) in hospital buildings under Korean and Chinese standards. Using PyroSim, three scenarios are simulated: no smoke control, minimum standard exhaust and air supply rates, and a fixed exhaust rate of 18,000 m³/h. Evaluation focuses on temperature, visibility, CO, and O₂. Korean standards mandate a minimum exhaust rate of 5,000 m³/h per zone, while Chinese standards require 15,000 m³/h, producing a 77-second ASET difference. Air supply rules also differ: Korea requires supply to exceed exhaust, while China requires only 50% more. Under a uniform exhaust rate of 18,000 m³/h, ASET differs by over 495 seconds. Findings suggest Korea should raise its minimum exhaust rate and clarify the supply-to-exhaust ratio.

This study examines the fire safety performance of hospital sprinkler systems under Korean standards by analyzing the impact of different sprinkler head types on Available Safe Egress Time (ASET). Four simulation scenarios were developed: (1) no sprinkler system, (2) fast response heads, (3) special response heads, and (4) standard response heads. A fire was assumed to originate on the first floor, and simulations were conducted using PyroSim software. ASET was evaluated in terms of temperature, visibility, carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen (O₂) concentration. The results showed ASET values of 354 s, 394 s, 354 s, and 355 s, respectively. Fast response heads demonstrated the best performance, increasing ASET by 11.30% on the first floor and 8.96% on the second floor compared to no sprinklers. These findings indicate that sprinkler activation significantly enhances evacuation safety, with the greatest effect observed on the fire-origin floor.

China and ROK are neighboring countries and many Chinese visitors go to ROK, particularly Seoul. Researches on Chinese visitors’ perceptions to Seoul vary from different research perspectives. The extensive researches exist on the tourism aspect about Chinese visitors in Seoul, but specialized researches on the hotel accommodation experience which is closely related to tourism industry are limited. The purposes of this research are to theoretically enrich the research related to hotel accommodation about Chinese customers in Seoul and from online media perspective, know about the accommodation experiences of Chinese customers to Seoul hotels for developing the Chinese customers market. Besides, it provides references for Chinese customers to better choose the satisfactory hotels in Seoul for accommodation through the online hotel reservation platform. A total of 100 Seoul hotels that had partnered with Chinese tourism website mafengwo.com were selected and 10493 online reviews of these 100 Seoul hotels were collected. Through word frequency analysis, semantic network analysis and emotion analysis in the content analysis, The major findings were concluded: 1.The accommodation experience perceptions of Chinese customers to Seoul hotels were overall positive; 2.The main reasons for giving Seoul hotels positive evaluation were the convenience of the hotels' locations and the good services of hotels; 3. Negative aspects of accommodation experience perceptions of Chinese customers to Seoul hotels mainly came from the room facility. Then, recommendations for hotels were given. This research underscores the combining the role of online media with accommodation experience perceptions of Chinese customers to Seoul hotels.

This study examines the transformative impact of Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) cameras on television entertainment production through a case study of MBC’s observational entertainment program Gone PD, which relied entirely on PTZ systems without on-site camera operators. Employing an AI producer concept, the program minimized direct production intervention, enhanced participant immersion, and generated structured video data suitable for AI-driven post-production. Methodologically, this research adopts a case study approach, combining analysis of technical features, production processes, and field implementation. The findings indicate that PTZ systems improved spatial efficiency, streamlined staffing structures, and ensured consistent image quality, while also revealing limitations such as reduced creative flexibility and limited responsiveness to technical failures. Beyond these results, the study highlights the broader significance of PTZ technology as a catalyst for reconfiguring production environments and redefining the distribution of creative roles. The practical implications include establishing hybrid production models that combine PTZ automation with human creative oversight, and fostering technology-oriented planning that enables AI integration. By positioning PTZ systems not merely as automation devices but as foundational tools for future broadcast innovation, this study contributes both practical insights for industry practitioners and conceptual guidance for academic discussions on AI-integrated production paradigms.

This study explores the academic and cultural experiences of Chinese international students majoring in Communication and Media in Korea, focusing on their motivations, challenges, and career expectations. Using open-ended questionnaires and in-depth interviews, it examined areas such as reasons for studying in Korea, language adaptation, academic satisfaction, cultural integration, and future careers. Survey responses were categorized into five themes, while interviews provided deeper insight into personal and education challenges. Findings show students chose Korea for its location and cultural appeal, valuing media studies aligned with their career goals. The study’s results offer valuable data to support Chinese students’ Korean language education media studies, and career development.

We designed this study to assess Kenya’s greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation initiatives using a comparative case-study approach, drawing on international reports, national policies, and project-level evaluations. The results indicate that renewable energy projects such as Lake Turkana and Olkaria V deliver substantial emission reductions, forestry-based REDD+ initiatives including Kasigau and Chyulu Hills sequester millions of tons of CO₂ annually, and agricultural interventions reduce nitrous oxide and methane emissions while enhancing productivity. At the same time, voluntary carbon market projects such as Carbon for Water reveal weaknesses in adoption and verification. The overall effects of these initiatives demonstrate Kenya’s integrated approach to climate action, combining technological innovation, community engagement, and policy alignment. This study is intended to provide lessons for the Global South, highlighting Kenya’s balance of climate mitigation and inclusive development while emphasizing the need for stronger monitoring and participatory frameworks.