Earticle

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on Serotonin and Cortisol of Elderly Women in running exercise training program for 12 Weeks. In order to prove this, we conduct the running exercise program for two groups, who are living in S city and going to health center, which consists running exercise program group(7people) and control group(7people) and they ran 40 mins per day and 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Then we gained a conclusion below. In the regular running exercise program that showed there was an interaction effect on everyone participated in this program and serotonin and cortisol showed statistically significant changes compare to before. Also there was a significant difference between group at the serotonin. In conclusion, A 12 weeks of regular running exercise program showed positive effect on serotonin of mid-aged women.

This study, using P300 component that objectively evaluates the cognitive function among event- related potentials, is intended to identify the effect of medium-intensity complex exercise training on cognitive function for information processing in elderly's brain. As a result of information process by using SPSS 18.0 and applying a 2-way mixed analysis of variance, following result was obtained. First, EMG-RT indicated a significant delay in exercise group comparing to non-exercise group. Second, P300 latency stage indicated a significant delay in non-exercise group comparing to exercise group and amplitude of P300 was significantly increased. Given P300 latency stage shows that the time variance in stimulus evaluation for information process is reflected in the brain as well as active mass and resource are indicated by amplitude , a complex exercise training performed in this study is believed to have made commitment to improving elderly's brain function.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular treadmill exericse after social isolation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), nerve growth factor(NGF) and 5-bromo-2'- deoxyuridine- 5'-mono-phosphate(BrdU) -positive cell in the hippocampus, and serotonin-, TPH-positive cells in the raphe nuclei, and depression behaviors in the adult rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (31 weeks) were divided into four groups: (1) group housing and control group (GCG, n = 10); (2) group housing and exercise group (GEG, n = 10); (3) isolated housing and control group (ICG, n = 10); and (4) isolated housing and exercise group (IEG, n = 10). After 2 week of housing under the normal condition of 3 animals per cage, rats were socially isolated via transfer to individual cages for 8 weeks. Rats were then subjected to treadmill exercise for 5 days per week for 8 weeks, during which time the speed of the treadmill was gradually increased. The blood corticosterone level in the ICG was intend to increase, whereas in the IEG was intend to decrease compared to the ICG. Compared to the GCG, levels of BDNF and NGF were significantly decreased in the ICG, and significantly increased in the IEG (p < .001 respectively). There were significantly more BrdU-positive cells in the IEG compared to the GCG and ICG(p < .001). Serotonin-, TPH-positive cells in the GEG and IEG were significantly increased compared to the GCG and ICG(p < .01, p < .001). In the forced swim test, immobility time was significantly increased in the ICG, and significantly decreased in the IEG compared to the ICG(p < .001). These results show that regular treadmill exercise after social isolation not only increases the levels of BDNF and NGF to induce survival of cells in the hippocampus, but also improves depression-like behavior by increasing the number of serotonin, TPH cells expression in the raphe nuclei.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of combined exercise on body shape, health- related physical fitness, and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal obese middle-aged women through 16-week program of combined exercise. The results are as follows: First, regarding body shape, combined exercise group showed significant differences in reduction of waist and hip sizes, compared with aerobic exercise group (p < .05). Second, regarding health-related physical fitness, combined exercise group showed significant differences in increase of back strength, the number of sit-ups, and trunk-hip forward flexion, compared with aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). Third, regarding inflammatory markers, combined exercise group showed significant differences in reduction of IL-6(p < .05), TNF-a(p < .05), and CRP(p < .01) levels, compared with aerobic exercise group. From the above results, combined exercise program was effective in body shape, health-related physical fitness, and inflammatory markers of postmenopausal obese middle-aged women via increasing their physical activity.

In this study, the effects of pilates exercise on body composition, fitness and metabolic syndrome indexes in elders with obesity was investigated by performing the pilates exercise program for 24 weeks. 30 obese elders, 8 men and 22 women, who were over 60 years old were selected for the subjects and they were divided into experiment group(N = 15) and control group(N = 15). The before and after change were analyzed by T-test using SPSS 22.0 The body composition of obese elders was decreased and significant change were occurred in fitness(balance(p < .01), flexibility(p < .001), muscle endurance(p < .01)). Among the metabolic syndrome indexes, only the blood-sugar level showed the significant change and the other indexes, cholesterol, TC, HDL showed minor decrease. Based on the result, the pilates exercise program improves fitness of elders but for the metabolic syndrome indexes, the pilates exercise program has small effect. In future, various exercise program should be developed to improve health of the elderly with obesity.